Unit 7: East Asia (China, Japan, Korea) since 1945 Japan after World War II 1945, August 6- USA

USA dropped first atomic bomb on Hiroshima (Little Boy) 1945- August 9- USA dropped second atomic bomb on Nagasaki (Fat Man) 1945- September 2- USA arrived o Since everything the Japanese people did went towards the war effort, they were completely devastated at the end of the war Spiritually, Physically, Emotionally drained, disillusioned and demoralized 1945-1952 American Occupation o Demilitarization of japan- Forces were under command of Douglas MacArthur Army completely disbanded- old weapons destroyed Old top members put on trial including Hideki Tojo Never could build an army capable of waging war- voluntary o Constitution adapted in 1947 Emperor Hirohito became figurehead Had diet with 480 representatives and one leader the Prime Minister who selects cabinet members Supreme Court o 1946- First election o Hirohito on trial? o Economy No damage costs towards USA, they gave money to boost Japans economy, and got latest technology Reorganized zaibatsu system o Culture Since people had good work ethic from the word, they instituted that effort towards corporations

Communist takeover China 1908- Cixi Dies 1911- Sun Yet-Sen proclaims the birth of the republic of China o Had problems: Favored middle class when peasants are 80% of populations Generals became warlords Western states occupied port cities so most of economy 1921- Chinese communist party formed 1923-1926- Nationalist allied with communist to get rid of warlords o 1927- defeated all warlords

1925- Sun Yat-Sen died and Chiang Kai-shek followed o Crush communist and declared Nationalist were the new government o Those who survived found a new leader Mao Zedong with PLA 1931- Japanese invade Manchuria o Kai-shek decided to attack communist not Japanese 1933- Kai-shek attacked Jiangxi and started Long March o Communist march 200 miles in search for safety; found it at Yaan 1937- Japan full scale attack on china o Gain capital hoping surrender by Kai-shek but he did not so japan attacked Nanjing viciously (Rape of Nanjing) 1949- Japan with drew after the war and communist had gained power and won by seizing Beijing, shanghai, Nanjing o October 1- Mao Zedong proclaims the birth of Peoples Republic of China o Kai-Shek flees to Taiwan

The Peoples Republic of China under Chairman Mao Mao realized lots of Chinese suffering was due to westernizers and Japan o Claimed the other governments were too weak to deal with these threats o He never again will let foreign powers take advantage of china No foreign businesses in china, or missionaries Korean War (described in detail in other packet) USA rivalry o Supported South Korea, Rebuilt Japan, recognized nationalist party in Taiwan, Anti-communistic, Military in Philippines, and lots of Nukes o For these reasons Mao made his own nukes 1964- first bomb tested Tibet- usually indirectly ruled but the leader declared independence o 1950- Mao sent PLA to restore authority and force the Leader to sign a agreement recognizing Tibet part of china 1956- Tibet rebels to 1959 because the PLA crushed the resistance movement o Leader fled to India Perfect communism o Women were given equal rights o Literacy campaign to teach peasants how to write o Public health campaign-doctors gave free shots o Confiscated private property and large businesses Distributed among peasants 1955- all Peasants had to join collective farms Resist=arrest 1958-1960 Great Leap Forward

o Three goals: Make china Powerful and independent, strengthen CCPs hold on power, and improve standard of living o Two disastrous problems: Farms- Not producing enough food because peasants were not working hard enough Collective farms were grouped into communes Manager had to calculate the amount of food the commune could produce and give that information to the CCP in Beijing o Communes tried to outdo each other by pledging higher numbers Planted seed too close and the crops died o They came to pick up the food and the harvest was terrible in 58 and 59 Millions of peasants died of starvations o Steel Production Build furnaces: Backyard Furnaces poorly made and give in iron object which lead to brittle metal that was unusable 1960-1966- Mao Steps back o Allows more moderate like Deng Xiaoping who believed in more moderate and personal incentive 1966- He came back because he worried about capitalism coming in 1966-76- Cultural Revolution o Mao swam across the Yangtze river o Formed the Red Guards full of youth and told them too root out the Four Olds- ideas, culture, customs, habits Red guards destroyed china o Everyone had to have Maos red book o Deng Xiaoping was captured 1976- Mao Died and ended the Cultural Revolution

China after Mao: The Era of Deng Xiaoping, 1976-1997 After Maos death two factions appeared: Moderated under Deng and Radicals under Jiang Qing, Maos third wife and the Gang of Four o The gang of four was arrested because Deng had more support in CCP and PLA Reform o Chinese students were sent overseas and foreign inverter were welcomed back o Police of Four Modernizations: Industry, Technology, Agriculture, Military (ITAM) o Peasants were given control of individual production which greatly increased agricultural production

o Individual responsibility o One child policy 1989- The reforms were going great but students wanted more in Tiananmen square in Beijing o Deng had to decide between more Democracy or CCP o He chose CCP and the protest was destroyed 1997- he died

The Communist Regime in North Korea 1910- Japan took control of Korea and treated the bad 1945- Soviets liberated north while USA south o Temporarily divide at 38th parallel and later hold elections for democratic governments o Stalin had no intention of doing so 1946- North Korean Communist Party led by Kim Il Sung 1948- Sung named north Korea the Democratic Republic of Korea and its capital at Pyongyang o Communist policies 1948- Republic of Korea in the south was established with its capital at Seoul 1950- invasion of south Korea o The U.N. supported south Korea by sending troops o The U.N. pushed them back and invaded them o Chinas PLA supported North Korea and push UN back to South Korea 1953- Fighting stopped with both sides signing ceasefire o Agreed on 38th parallel as boundary but no final peace treaty 1994- Kim Il sung died and is followed by Kim Jong Il