Sri Venkateswara object in such a way as to reveal as little as possible about its inner

workings.
College of Computer Applications & Management

Objective Type Questions

Subject: Object Oriented Analysis & Design

5. Define an encapsulation.
Unit-1
Containment of the object inside a “capsule”. The user
1. What is an object? cannot see inside the capsule but can use the object by calling the
program part of it.
An object means a combination of data & logic that
represents some real world entity. In an object oriented system, 6. What is a class hierarchy?
everything is an object. A spreadsheet, a cell in a spreadsheet, a
bar chart, a report, a file, even a single character all are examples
of an object.
An ordering of properties and behaviours used as the basis
2. What is a class? for making distinctions between classes & subclasses.

A class is a set of objects that share a common structure 7. Define an inheritance

and a common behavior, a single object is simply an instance of a
class. It is a specification of structure, behavior and inheritance for
objects.
Inheritance is the property of object oriented systems that
allows objects to be built from other objects. It is relationship
between classes where one class is the parent class of derived
3. What is an attribute?
class.

An attribute is a describing property of an object. It

represents the state of an object. Example, the properties of a car, 8. What is a dynamic inheritance?
such as color, manufacturer and cost.

Dynamic inheritance allows objects to change and evolve

4. What is an information hiding? overtime. Since base classes provide properties and attributes for
objects, changing base classes changes the properties & attributes
of a class.

Information hiding is the principle of concealing the internal

data & procedures of an object and providing an interface to each
 9. What is a multiple inheritance?

E m p lo y e e
nam e
Object oriented systems permit a class to inherit its state a d d ress
(attributes) and behaviours from more than one superclass. s a la ry
SS#

10. Define Polymorphism?

O ffic e W o r k e r M anager P r o d u c tio n W o r k e r

Poly means many and morph means form. It means that the
d a ta E n try
same operation may behave differently on different classes. It d a ta E n try
C o m p u te P a y ro ll
d a ta E n try
C o m p u te P a y ro ll C o m p u te P a y ro ll
means objects that can take on or assume many different forms. p rin tR e p o rt p rin tR e p o rt p r in tR e p o rt

14. What is a static binding?

11. What is cardinality?
The process of determining a compile time is called as static
Cardinality is an important issue in association which binding.
specifies how many instances of one class may relate to a single
15. What is dynamic binding?
instance of an associated class.

12. Mention the phases in object oriented system development .

The process of determining dynamically at run time which
function to invoke is termed dynamic binding.
Object oriented system development consists of:

a) Object oriented analysis

16. What is an object persistence?
b) Object oriented information modeling

c) Object oriented design

An object persistence is the ability of an object to endure
d) Prototyping & implementation beyond application session boundaries, by storing the object in a
file or a database.
e) Testing, iteration & documentation

17. What is a protocol?

13. Draw a figure for class hierarchy for the payroll application.
 A protocol is a interface to the class operations and their b. It is now an operation system that satisfies users needs.
visibility, messages that a class understands.
c. Is it perfect & operating as we thought it should?

d. Does it pass an evaluation process

18. What is private protocol

24. Mention the three macro processes in object oriented SDLC

Private protocol is a accessibility only to operations of the
class itself, this includes methods the class uses only internally. a. Object oriented analysis

b. Object oriented design

19. What is a protected protocol c. Object oriented implementation.

Protected protocol is accessible only to subclasses and

operations of the subclass.
25. Mention the activities in object oriented system
20. What is public protocol development

Pubic protocol is accessible to all classes , it defines the

stated behavior of the class.
a. Object oriented analysis
21. Mention the list that the subprocess must have?
b. Object oriented design
a) A description in terms of how it works.
c. Prototyping
b) Specification of the input required for the process
d. Component based development
c) Specification of the output to be produced.
e. Incremental testing

22. What is an Waterfall approach?

26. What is Object oriented analysis
A waterfall approach is an approach to software
The object oriented analysis is concerned with determining
development that starts with deciding what to do & how to do it,
the system requirements and identifying classes & their
then doing it, testing and using the application.
relationship to other classes in the problem domain.
23. Mention the questions we need to be able to answer to
27. What is object oriented design?
achieve high quality in software.

a. How do we determine when the system is ready for

delivery.
 The object oriented design is concerned with determining
the system requirements and identifying classes & their
relationship to other classes in the problem domain.
28. List the guidelines to use in object oriented design
a. Reuse, rather than build, a new class.
b. Design a large number of simple classes, rather than a
small number of complex classes.
c. Design methods
d. Critique what have proposed, if possible, go back &
refine the classes.
29. What is prototype?
A prototype is worth a thousand pictures. It enables us to
fully understand how easy or difficult it will be implementing some
of the features of the system.
30. What is a horizontal prototype?
A horizontal prototype is a simulation of the interface but
contains no functionality. It is very quick to implement, provide
good overall feel of the system
31. What is vertical prototype?
A vertical prototype is a subset of the system features with
complete functionality. The principle advantage of this method is
that the few implemented functions can be tested in great depth.
32. What is analysis prototype?
An analysis prototype is an aid for exploring the problem
domain. This class of prototype is used to inform the user &
demonstrate the proof of a concept.
33. What is domain prototype?
A domain prototype is an aid for the incremental
development of the ultimate software solution. Is used as a tool
for the staged delivery of subsystems to the users or other
member of the team.
34. What is component based development?
Component based development is an industrialized
approach to the software development process. Application
development moves from custom development to assembly of
prebuilt, reusable software components that operate with each
other.
35. What is RAD?
RAD is a set of tools & techniques that can be used to build
an application faster than typically possible with traditional
methods.
36. List the advantages of RAD?
The advantages of RAD are:
 a. Quicker delivery of product , reducing the “time of d. Encouragement by strategic management of reuse as
market” opposed to constant redevelopment

b. Faster than any traditional method. e. Establishing targets for a percentage of the objects in
the project to be reused.

37. Mention the disadvantage of RAD?

41. Define classification

The main disadvantage of RAD is, it sacrifices the quality of

the product for a quicker delivery. Classification is the process of checking to see if an object
belongs to a category or a class, is regarded as a basic attribute of
human nature.

38. List the tools used in RAD

42. Name the four approaches for identifying classes.

The tools used in RAD are:

a. Delphi a. The noun phrase approach

b. Visual age b. The common class pattern approach

c. Visual Basic c. The use case driven , sequence/ collaboration modeling

approach
d. Power builder
d. The classes, responsibilities and collaborators approach.

39. What is reusability?

43. Give the guidelines for selecting classes in an application
Reusability is the major benefit of object oriented
development, For an object to be really reusable, much more effort
must be spent designing it.
a. Look for noun and noun phrases in the use cases.
40. Mention the reuse strategy?
b. Some classes are implicit or taken from general
a. Information hiding knowledge
b. Conformance to naming standards c. All classes must make sense in the application domain
c. Creation and administration of an object repository d. Carefully choose & define class names
 d. Cash

44. What is redundant classes? e. Saving Account

f. Checking Account

Two classes that express the same information is called as g. Transaction history
redundant classes. If more than one word is being used to describe
the same idea, select the one that is most meaningful.

49. What is common class patterns approach?

45. What is adjective classes?

An adjective class suggest a different kind of object, Common class patterns approach is based on a knowledge
different use of the same object or it could be utterly irrelevant. It base of the common classes that have been proposed by
signals that the behavior of the object is different, then make a new various researchers.
class.

46. What is attribute classes?

50. List the patterns for finding the candidate class and object

a. Concept class
An attribute classes are that tentative objects that are used
b. Events class
only as values, should be defined o restated as attributes and not
as a class. c. Organisation class

d. People class

47. What is irrelevant classes? e. Places class

Each class must have a purpose and every class should be f. Tangible things & devices class
clearly defined and necessary. If a class doesn’t have any purpose
means it is called as irrelevant class.

48. List some of the noun phrases in the Vianet BankATM 51. What is concept class?
system

a. Account
A concept class is a particular idea or understanding that we
b. Amount have of our world. It encompasses principles that are not
tangible but used to organize or keep track of business
c. Bank Client activities.
 52. What is events class? 58. What does system development activities consists of?

Events classes are points in time that must be recorded. a. System analysis
Things happen usually to something else at a given date and time
or as a step in an ordered sequence. b. Modeling

53. What is an organization class? c. Design

An organization class is a collection of people, resources, d. Implementation

facilities or groups to which the users belong, their capabilities
e. Testing
have a defined mission, whose existence is largely independent of
the individuals. f. Maintenance

54. What is people class?

The people classes represents the different roles users 59. What do you mean by software design methodology?
play in interacting with the application .People carry out some
function. Example, employee, client, teacher & manager. A software design methodology is a series of
processes that, if followed, can lead to the development of an
application. The software processes describe how the work is to be
carried out to achieve the original goal based on the system
55. What is places classes?
requirements.

60. Two orthogonal views of the software

Places are physical locations that the system must keep
a. Functions
information about. Examples, buildings, stores, sites & offices.
b. Data

56. What is classes, responsibilities and collaborators?

61. What are the reasons for working of an object orientation?
Classes, responsibilities and collaborators is a technique
used for identifying classes, responsibilities and therefore their a. Higher level of abstraction
attributes & methods.
b. Seamless transition among different phases of software
57. What do you mean by system development? development

c. Encouragement of good programming techniques

System development refers to all activities that go into d. Promotion of reusability

producing an information system solutions.
 a. The class tree is dynamic .

62. What is UML? b. The class tree can grow.

UML-Unified Modeling Language. UML is a set of

notations and conventions used to describe & model an application.
However the UML does not specify a methodology or what steps to REVIEW QUESTIONS
follow to develop an application. that would be the task of the UA-
1. What is system development methodology?
Unified Approach.
2. What are orthogonal views of the software?
63. What is Unified Approach?
3. What is the object oriented system development
The Unified Approach is a methodology for software development,
methodology?
based on methodologies tries to combine the best practices,
processes and guidelines along with the object Management 4. How does the object oriented approach different from
Group’s unified modeling language. the traditional top-down approach?
64. What is layered architecture? 5. What are advantages of object oriented development?

6. Describe the components of the unified approach?

Layered architecture is an approach to software 7. What is an object?
development that allows us to create objects that represent
tangible elements of the business independent of how they are 8. What is the main advantage of object oriented
represented to the user through an interface or physically stored in development?
a database
9. What is polymorphism?

10. What is the difference between an object’s methods and

65. What does the layered approach consists of? an object’s attributes?

11. How are classes organized in an object oriented

environment?
The layered approach consists of view or user interface,
business and access layers. This approach reduces the 12. How does object oriented development eliminate
interdependence of the user interface, database access, and duplication?
business control; therefore, it allows for a more robust and flexible
system. 13. What is inheritance?

14. What is data abstraction?

66. What is the main advantage of Object oriented system? 15. Why is encapsulation important?

16. What is a protocol?

17. What is the difference between a method & a message? 37. What is the object oriented SDLC? Compare it with
traditional approach
18. Why is polymorphism useful?
38. What are some of the object oriented analysis
19. How are objects identified in an object oriented system? processes?

20. What is the lifetime of an object and how can you extend 39. What are the object oriented design processes
the lifetime of an object?
40. What is use case modeling?
21. What is association?
41. What is object modeling?
22. What is consumer producer relationship?
42. Why can users get involved more easily in prototyping
23. What is a formal class? than the traditional software development process such
as the waterfall approach?
24. What is an instance?
43. What is RAD?
25. What is the waterfall SDLC
44. Why is CBD important?
26. What are some of the advantages & disadvantages of
the waterfall process? 45. Why is reusability important? How does object oriented
software development promote reusability?
27. What is the software development process?

28. What is software correspondence?

29. What is software correctness/

30. What is software validation?

31. What is software verification?

32. How is software verification different from validation?

33. What is prototyping and why is it useful?

34. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of

prototyping?

35. If you have to choose between prototyping and the

waterfall approach, which one would you select & why?

36. Describe the macro processes of the object oriented

system development approach