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1/7
L =
ZL Z0 ZL + Z0
and
ZL = Z0
1 + L 1 L
Recall that we determined how a length of transmission line transformed the load impedance into an input impedance of a (generally) different value:
Z0 ,
in
Z0 ,
Jim Stiles
Dept. of EECS
1/26/2005
2/7
where:
How can we express the input impedance in terms its reflection coefficient (call this in )?
Z0 ,
in = ?
Z0 ,
ZL = Z0
1 + L 1 L
Zin = Z 0
Jim Stiles
Dept. of EECS
1/26/2005
3/7
3. Convert Zin to in :
in =
Zin Z 0 Zin + Z 0
easier way?
Note this directly relates L to Zin (steps 1 and 2 combined!). If we directly insert this equation into:
in =
Zin Z 0 Zin + Z 0
Jim Stiles
Dept. of EECS
1/26/2005
4/7
2 L e j A = 2e + j A = L e j A e j A = L e j 2 A
A: Absolutely! Recall that we found that the reflection coefficient function ( z ) can be expressed as:
( z ) = 0 e 2 z Now, for a lossless line, we know that = j , so that: (z ) = 0 e j 2 z Evaluating this function at the beginning of the line (i.e., at z = z L A ): (z = z L A ) = 0 e
j 2 (z L A )
Jim Stiles
Dept. of EECS
1/26/2005
5/7
And so:
( z = z L A ) = 0 e j 2 zL e j 2 A = L e j 2 A
Thus, we find that in is simply the value of function ( z ) evaluated at the line input of z = z L A !
in = ( z = z L A ) = L e j 2 A
Makes sense! After all, the input impedance is likewise simply the line impedance evaluated at the line input of z = z L A :
Zin = Z ( z = z L A )
It is apparent that from the above expression that the reflection coefficient at the input is simply related to L by a
phase shift of 2 A .
In other words, the magnitude of in is the same as the magnitude of L !
in = L e = L If we think about this, it makes perfect sense!
Jim Stiles The Univ. of Kansas Dept. of EECS
j ( 2 A )
= L (1)
1/26/2005
6/7
V0+
2 Z0
1 in
V0+
2 Z0
(1 )
2
Z0,
in Pa b s
Z0,
L Pa b s
A
Recall, however, that a lossless transmission line can absorb no power! By adding a length of transmission line to load L , we have added only reactance. Therefore, the power absorbed by load in is equal to the power absorbed by L:
in L Pabs = Pabs
V0+
2 Z0
(1 ) = 2 Z (1 )
2 2
V0+
in
1 in
= 1 L
Jim Stiles
Dept. of EECS
1/26/2005
7/7
Thus, we can conclude from conservation of energy that: in = L Which of course is exactly the result we just found! Finally, the phase shift associated with transforming the load L down a transmission line can be attributed to the phase shift associated with the wave propagating a length A down the line, reflecting from load L , and then propagating a length A back up the line:
Z0,
in = e
j A
Le
j A
= A
To emphasize this wave interpretation, we recall that by definition, we can write in as:
V (z = z L A ) in = ( z = z L A ) = + V (z = z L A )
Therefore:
V ( z = z L A ) = in V + ( z = z L A )
= e j A L e j A V
+
(z
= zL A )
Jim Stiles
Dept. of EECS