555 Timer Tutorials

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Examples: Two 555s 555 as Tach AM Transmitter

----555 Timing Plots---Signetics Application Note 170- ---PDF version AN170--- NE555.pdf "Click" & See me Move

--------------------------------------Animation Speed-------------------------------------Very Slow Fast Med Slow

TOP 555 General Specifications Vcc Max Frequency (Astable) Vc Frequency Range Vc Frequency Range +/- 25% +/- 90% 5-Volts 10-Volts +/- 25% +/- 90% 15-Volts +/- 25% +/- 90% Notes:
Varies with Mfg

500-kHz to 2-MHz

& Layout

Linear range Max Deviation

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555 Timer Tutorials

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Vc Voltage Level (center) Vc Voltage Range Frequency Error (Astable) Timing Error (Mono) Max Value Ra +Rb Min Value Ra Min Value Rb Reset VH/VL (pin-4) Output Current (pin-3)

3.3-V ~ 5% ~ 1% 3.4-Meg 5-K 3-K >0.4/<0.3 ~200ma

6.6-V ~ 5% ~ 1% 6.2-Meg 5-K 3-K >0.4/<0.3 ~200ma TOP

10.0-V ~ 5% ~ 1% 10-Meg 5-K 3-K >0.4/<0.3 ~200ma

Nominal Temp 25 C Temp 25 C

555 Timing: Ra Rb

Duty Cycle <50%

Duty Cycle >50%

Triggering of a 555

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555 Timer Tutorials

http://www.williamson-labs.com/555-tutorial.htm

The Triggering process starts when the negative differentiated pulse edge "dips" below 1/3 Vcc, the capacitor starts charging. If the trigger is held below 1/3 Vcc longer than the charge time, the output will remain high even though the capacitor charging cycle is complete; and then only goes low when the trigger rises above 1/3 Vcc. It can be seen, therefore, that it is desirable to have the negative going trigger pulse to be shorter than the charge time. TOP Using two 555s as an AM Transmitter

A Word or Two about using Pulse Width Modulation for AM broadcasting: Always keep the Pulse Width of the modulation between > 50% & < 100%; OR between > 00% & < 50%. At first blush, the reasoning for this may not be obvious: A transmitter is not broadcasting a varying voltage but a varying POWER. That is, the varying modulation voltage is controlling how much Carrier POWER is transmitted. Although the modulating voltage may have a polarity +/-, the RF power leaving the antenna has no polarity. At the receiver the varying power is demodulated/ which is saying it is converted from a varying power to a varying voltage, and if you "AC Couple" the detector's output you again have a varying voltage that has a +/- polarity. --Huh? NOW! At this point you should not have experienced an "Ah Ha!" --yet. --BUT, Stand-By YOU are about to Experience a Genuine "Ah Ha!" --or your money back. TOP

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555 Timer Tutorials

http://www.williamson-labs.com/555-tutorial.htm

Of course, we will need a

Graphic:-->

Notice anything Funny? Right, the second harmonic of the modulation signal increases if the [ > 50%, < 50% ] rule is violated! TOP

Some Hints on Prototyping the 555

When building your prototype circuit, you can avoid confusion if YOU MAKE SURE OF THE FOLLOWING: 1) Double check (triple check) the schematic against the DATA SHEET! 2) Draw a pictorial-drawing--of the circuit from the schematic, that is, draw the dip on its back-numbering the pins clockwise--use a socket that is larger than the IC dip, using the extra positions for resistors and caps. 3) Now draw--using pencil--the connections

** Refer to the Prototyping Page **

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555 Timer Tutorials

http://www.williamson-labs.com/555-tutorial.htm

between the pins. 4) Don't Forget the BYPASS CAPS!!! TOP 5) Don't be shy about using several NEW parts--you could have a BAD PART(s)! This includes resistors and CAPACITORS. ** DO NOT use electrolytics for the timing caps (if at all possible)! 6) Check the DATA SHEET, you may be using a resistor for Ra or Rb that is too low in value, e.g., the 555 doesn't like Ra values below ~5K. 7) Pin 5--the Voltage Control pin of a 555 timer must be A.C. coupled! If you Direct Couple pin 5, you force a bias on it that could prevent it from ever charging the timing cap to 2/3 Vcc thus rettriggering! have been found using your EYES! "--gee, I didn't see that the power cord 8) When troubleshooting, remember more than 80% of all problems could

was out of the wall..."

9) To get the best performance from the 555 in question, use the highest allowable supply voltage--15Volts--the timing capacitor should be in the picofarads and the "R" the very minimum value: you should get better than 500 kHz to ~2MHz. 10) Bypass the device and use ground planes---***NO PROTO_BOARD!!!

TOP **CHECK-it-OUT: the following pages Prototyping, R.F., Layout, Bypassing, Decoupling, Shielding, EMC, ** MORE SUGGESTIONS: ** 1) BYPASS pin 8 (Vcc) to 1 (grd.) with at least .1 ufd ceramic cap--shortest leads possible!!! 2) Use the smallest timing capacitor--pins 6&2 to grd. 3) Try different 555 chips, and/or different manufacturers 555s they vary! Finally, Don't hesitate to "PLAY"--to experiment with this device; the 555 timer has many uses--some yet to be discovered; who knows you may be the one to find even more uses for it. TOP Example: Generating a delay, using Dual 555s (or one NE556)

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555 Timer Tutorials

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Triggering a 555 requires that the "Trigger" input be A.C. coupled. Typical values can be found in the 555's data sheet & app notes. However, some values: Rp = 10k, Cc = .001ufd.

..TOP

______________

Car Tachometer
The timer receives pulses from the distributor points. Meter M receives a calibrated current thru R 6 when the timer output is high. After time-out, the meter receives no current for that part of the duty cycle. Integration of the variable duty cycle by the meter movement provides a visible indication of engine speed .

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