Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
com/world-oil-and-gas
Produced by
blogs.terrapinn.com/world-oil-and-gas
Introducing Mr M. A. Mian
Mr M. A. Mian (BSc Mechanical Engineering, MSc Petroleum Engineering, MSc Mineral Economics) is a Petroleum Engineering Consultant at Saudi Aramco and best-selling author. He has over 30 years of experience in petroleum engineering, project economics and decision analysis and has been involved in evaluating multibillion dollar projects in the oil, gas, LNG, GTL and petrochemicals industries. Mr Mian is also the author of four books, two on Petroleum Engineering and two best sellers on Project Economics and Decision Analysis. Mr Mian says Oil and gas industry operations involve diverse activities and require personnel with diverse academic backgrounds and experience. It is a highly capital intensive industry with highly risky operations but the rewards are also high if successful. There are many industry specific jargons used in day to day communications, meetings, and presentations etc. Besides the technical personnel many other non-technical personnel such as lawyers, human resources, accounting, marketing, environmental and safety, bankers, transportation, stock brokers, security, insurance and so on are involved. The irony is that most personnel either directly working in the oil and gas companies or providing services to them are not familiar with the overall operations, magnitude of investments required and associated risks. This e-book, the 12 Hour MBA in Oil and Gas and the 3 day MBA in Oil and Gas are all specifically designed to help the non-technical personnel working in the oil and gas industry. It is also designed to help those who are dealing or wish to deal with the industry, to become familiar with the overall operations of the industry. The e-book and courses are designed and presented in simple language to make the concepts easy to understand and remember. It will help you understand the overall operations, speak the industry jargon, identify the financial and risk aspects of the business and evaluate business opportunities. Click here to find out more.
blogs.terrapinn.com/world-oil-and-gas
blogs.terrapinn.com/world-oil-and-gas
Contents
Module 1: Oil and Gas Overview Module 2: Industry Activities Module 3: Global Reserves Situation Module 4: Formation of Oil and Gas Module 5: Classification of Oil and Gas Module 6: Exploration of Oil and Gas Module 7: Drilling of Oil and Gas Wells Module 8: Well Evaluation and Completion Module 9: Reservoir Drive Mechanisms Module 10: Surface Facilities Module 11: Reserves Evaluation Module 12: Crude Oil Refining Module 13: International Agreements Module 14: Project Economics
blogs.terrapinn.com/world-oil-and-gas
Complex operations
Workforce Diversity
blogs.terrapinn.com/world-oil-and-gas
Financial institutions
Marketing companies
The oil and gas industry deals with many other business sectors
Legal firms
Stock traders
blogs.terrapinn.com/world-oil-and-gas
blogs.terrapinn.com/world-oil-and-gas
Industry activities Industry activities include: 1. Exploration 2. Drilling 3. Field activities 4. Recovery 3 stages (primary, secondary and enhanced oil recovery). The three stages of recovery may take 30 to 40 years to complete 5. Water disposal 6. Refining and marketing 7. Transportation 8. Expansion and contraction of plants, buildings and equipment 9. Preventive maintenance and safety 10. Major renovations, upgrading and replacement of facilities
blogs.terrapinn.com/world-oil-and-gas
Industry Streams There are three stages in the process of making oil and gas a consumable commodity. These are known as streams: Upstream - exploration and production Midstream - processing, storage and transportation Downstream - refining, petrochemical industries, LNG and marketing
blogs.terrapinn.com/world-oil-and-gas
blogs.terrapinn.com/world-oil-and-gas
Most of the land we now live on was water. There were animals and plants living on this water that subsequently died and were deposited under the water. Clay, rocks and mud transported from rivers and canals were deposited on top
Organisms under the clay and mud decayed due to oxygen in the water, temperature and pressure
The decay transformed them from animals and plants into oil and gas. This is why it is also known as fossil fuels
blogs.terrapinn.com/world-oil-and-gas
Crude Oil
Condensate
Types of Hydrocarbons
Retrograde Condensate
Natural Gas
blogs.terrapinn.com/world-oil-and-gas
There is no tool available today that tells us whether there is oil and gas under the ground. The only way to tell is to drill a well. The geologist provides the science they will identify a large area of possible oil and gas traps The geophysicists will then enhance this science to find the traps The drilling engineers will then come in to confirm whether there is oil and gas in the traps identified by geophysicists
Did you know... a British Thermal Unit (BTU) is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree F. BTU is the standard measurement used to state the amount of energy that a fuel has, as well as the amount of output of any heat generating device.
blogs.terrapinn.com/world-oil-and-gas
What are the routine drilling operations? Prepare the well site Rigging up and rigging down Spudding the well this is an important date in the drilling of wells. It is the first time the drill bit touches the ground to start drilling. All operations beyond this point are referred to the spud date Drilling the surface hole Running and cementing surface casing Continue drilling "Spudding the well is an important date Running and cementing intermediate casing in the drilling of wells...All operations Drilling to Target Depth (TD) beyond this point are referred to the spud Running and cementing production casing date" Trip or Running-in Hole (RIH) Well evaluation Non-routine Operations such as fishing, stuck pipe or killing a well
The cost of drilling varies depending on the type of well, the depth and orientation
blogs.terrapinn.com/world-oil-and-gas
blogs.terrapinn.com/world-oil-and-gas
Gas formation on top of the oil formation and both are 20 40% of original oil in place in communication Water aquifer underneath the oil and both are in communication
There are also combination drive (gas cap at the top and water drive at the bottom) reservoirs but these are very rare.
blogs.terrapinn.com/world-oil-and-gas
blogs.terrapinn.com/world-oil-and-gas
blogs.terrapinn.com/world-oil-and-gas
The lighter the crude oil, the more expensive the products you will get from the refinery. The heavier the crude oil, the lower in value it will be.
Did you know...in the USA refineries are predominantly catalytic cracking because they produce the most gasoline and there is a high demand for this in the USA. However, in Europe the refineries are predominately thermal cracking as there is a high demand for diesel.
blogs.terrapinn.com/world-oil-and-gas
Availability of financing
Sharing of risk
The agreements are between two parties the host government (represented by the Ministry of Petroleum or Gas from that country) and the International Oil Company/a group of IOCs (the contractor). The National Oil Companies will oversee the contractual obligations. There are two main types of contractual agreements. These are the concessionary system and the production sharing system. The bottom line of the agreements is how much the government and the contractors get. Government take is the amount of money received by the government over the life of the project and it is typically a percent of the total net cash-flow or percent of the total NPV.
blogs.terrapinn.com/world-oil-and-gas
blogs.terrapinn.com/world-oil-and-gas
blogs.terrapinn.com/world-oil-and-gas
Wondering if you know all there is to know about Oil and Gas?
Why not try our 12 Hour MBA in Oil and Gas. The 12 Hour MBA in Oil and Gas will take you through the 14 modules covered in this E-Book in much more depth. Mr Mian will walk you through the fundamentals of oil and gas in an easy to manage online training course. For more information contact Evon Wong on: +44 (0) 207 608 7028 Or visit: http://www.terrapinntraining.com/training/12-Hour-MBA-in-Oil-&-Gas
blogs.terrapinn.com/world-oil-and-gas