Anatomy Cardiovascular System

Yopie Afriandi Habibie, Dr, SpBTKV

Bedah Toraks Kardio Vaskular FK Unsyiah RSU Dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh, 2012

GOALS :
The cardiovascular system Structure and organization of blood vessels Structure of the heart The cardiac cycle Conducting system of the heart

Functions of the Heart

Generating blood pressure

Routing blood
Heart separates pulmonary and systemic circulations

Ensuring one-way blood flow

Heart valves ensure one-way flow

Regulating blood supply

Changes in contraction rate and force match blood delivery to changing metabolic needs

What is the Cardiovascular System ..?

The heart is a double pump
Heart Arteries Arterioles Veins Venules Capillaries

The double pump

3 Kinds of Circulation:
Pulmonary circulation Coronary circulation

Systemic circulation

Pulmonary Circulation
Movement of blood from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart again

Coronary Circulation
Movement of blood through the tissues of the heart

Systemic Circulation

Supplies nourishment to all of the tissue located throughout the body , except for the heart and lungs

Fetal Circulation
No circulation to lungs Foramen ovale Ductus arteriosum Circulation must go to placenta Umbilical aa., vv.

Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D.,Human Anatomy

The Blood Vessels

The CV system has 3 types of blood vessels:

Arteries (arterioles) carry blood away from the heart

Capillaries where nutrient and gas exchange occured

Veins ( venules) carry blood toward the heart.

The Blood Vessels

The Arteries
Arteries and arterioles take blood away from the heart.
The largest artery is the AORTA.

The middle layer of an artery wall consists of smooth muscle that can constrict to regulate blood flow and BP Arterioles can constrict or dilate, changing BP.

The Veins
Venules drain blood from capillaries then join to form veins that take blood to the heart. Much less smooth muscle & connective tissue. Valves prevent the back flow of blood when closed. Carry about 70% of the bodys blood & act as a reservoir during hemorrhage.

Anatomy of a capillary bed

Stucture of The Heart

The heart is a cone-shaped, muscular organ located between the lungs behind the sternum. The heart muscle forms the myocardium, with tightly inter connect cells of cardiac muscle tissue. The pericardium is the outer membranous sac with lubricating fluid.

Heart Anatomy

Pericardial Layers of the Heart

Heart Wall
Three layers of tissue :
Epicardium This serous membrane of smooth outer surface of heart Myocardium Middle layer composed of cardiac muscle cell and responsibility for heart contracting Endocardium Smooth inner surface of heart chambers

Heart Wall

20-23

Heart Chamber :
4 chambers two upper, thin-walled atria, and two lower, thick-walled ventricles. The septum is a wall dividing the right and left sides.
Auricles LAA & RAA

Major veins Superior and Inferior vena cava Pulmonary veins

Major arteries Aorta and Pulmonary trunk

External Heart : Anterior View

Heart Valves
Atrioventricular
Tricuspid Bicuspid or mitral

Semilunar
Aortic Pulmonary

Prevent blood from flowing back

Coronary Circulation

Coronary circulation is the functional blood supply to the heart muscle itself Collateral routes ensure blood delivery to heart even if major vessels are occluded

Coronary Circulation: Arterial Supply

Coronary Circulation: Venous Supply

Coronary artery circulation

The Cardiac Cycle

Blood Flow Through Heart

Systemic & Pulmonary Circulation

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The Heart beat

Each heart beat is called a cardiac cycle When the heart beats, the two atria contract together, then the two ventricles contract; then the whole heart relaxes. Systole is the contraction of heart chambers; diastole is their relaxation. The heart sounds, lub-dup, are due to the closing of the atrioventricular valves, followed by the closing of the semilunar valves.

Heart Sounds
First heart sound or lubb AV valves and surrounding fluid vibrations as valves close at beginning of ventricular systole

Second heart sound or dupp Results from closure of aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves at beginning of ventricular diastole, lasts longer
Third heart sound (occasional) Caused by turbulent blood flow into ventricles and detected near end of first one-third of diastole

Location of Heart Valves

20-37

Conducting System of Heart

Conducting System of Heart

20-39

Intrinsic Control of Heart beat

The SA (sinoatrial) node, or pacemaker, initiates the heart beat and causes the atria to contract on average every 0.85 seconds. The AV (atrioventricular) node conveys the stimulus and initiates contraction of the ventricles. The signal for the ventricles to contract travels from the AV node through the atrioventricular bundle to the smaller Purkinje fibers.

Terima Kasih