100 questions Byzantine Art

Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Christianity was first officially recognized by which of the following? a. Diocletian b. Constantine c. Julian d. Theodosius I e. Marcus Aurelius 2. Which of the following attributes did Christ assume after Christianity was officially recognized? a. halo b. royal purple c. throne d. bearded face of a mature adult e. all of the above 3. Which feature of the interior of San Vitale is of Byzantine origin and is missing? a. apse b. iconostasis c. ambulatory d. vault e. atrium 4. The dome of the Hagia Sophia is supported by: a. squinches. b. pendentives. c. vaults. d. bemas. e. columns. 5. The medium used for the icon of the Virgin and Child between St. Theodore and St. George is which of the following? a. encaustic b. oil on panel c. mosaic d. fresco e. watercolor 6. Who of the following was a significant woman of her period and was seen in mosaic program of San Vitale? a. Irene b. Theodora c. Galla Placidia d. Honoria e. Helen 7. Who dedicated the church of San Vitale? a. Constantine b. Basil I c. Theodosius I d. Honorius e. Bishop Maximianus

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8. The dome in the Katholikon is on _________. a. pendentives b. squinches c. galleries d. apses e. none of the above 9. The large sakkos of Photius has a secular portrait of whom? a. Procopius b. Justinian c. Constantine d. John VIII Palaeologus e. Theodora 10. Who was responsible for ending the iconoclasm? a. Basil I b. Justinian c. Theodosius I d. Michael VIII e. John VIII Palaeologus 11. Who of the following was one of the architects who worked on the Hagia Sophia? a. Phidias of Athens b. Anthemius of Tralles c. Vitruvius of Rome d. Justinian of Constantinople e. Eulalios of Constantinople 12. One of the most important patrons of art who was portrayed at San Vitale. Who was this Emperor? a. Constantine b. Justinian c. Honorius d. Anastasius e. Diocletian 13. Important mosaics from the Late Period of Byzantine art were found at what site below? a. Moscow, Russia b. Rome, Italy c. Daphne, Greece d. Ravenna, Italy e. Mount Sinai, Egypt 14. Which feature marks St. Mark's as a Byzantine building? a. dome on a centralized building b. elaborate narthex c. insertion of a triple apse d. high bema e. none of the above 15. The image of Justinian from San Vitale is distinguishable from the other figures by a: a. halo. b. purple cloak. c. crown. d. large golden bowl. e. all of the above. 16. Byzantine monks protected images from the:

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a. iconoclasm. b. iconophiles. c. iconostasis. d. icons. e. all of the above. The Paris Psalter shows elements that originate in the: a. Russian Byzantine present. b. Early Christian past. c. Classical past. d. Venetian Byzantine present. e. none of the above. The portrait of Empress Irene, wife of Alexius I Commenus, was added to which of the following? a. Cellini Casket b. Pala d'Oro c. Harbaville Triptych d. Barberini Diptych e. the apse mosaic of St. Mark's Who commissioned the twelfth-century Pantocrator from Monreale, Sicily? a. Roger I b. Justinian c. Basil I d. Constantine e. Theodora Where would a squinch most likely be found? a. as part of a column b. supporting a dome c. guarding the entry d. at the entrance of a chapel e. none of the above

Matching Match the following: a. a semicircular recess at the east end of a Christian church b. general who conquered Ravenna c. porch, or vestibule, of a church d. second story of an aisle or ambulatory e. one of four concave triangular pieces of masonry used to support a dome f. architectural elements used as a transition from a square to a polygonal or circular base for a dome g. historian during Justinian's reign h. a screen holding many images that serves as a partition between the sanctuary and the main body of the church i. dining hall j. a Byzantine governor k. Russian fifteenth-century artist l. large golden bowl m. denial of duality of Christ's nature n. tunic

o. p. q. r. s. t. u. v. w. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

ruler with combined temporal and spiritual authority formerly Byzantium denial of equality of the Trinity destruction of religious images holy image founder of Macedonian dynasty emperor who conquered Ravenna emperor who made Christianity the only religion allowed by the empire 4th-century emperor who established Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire

apse gallery iconostasis narthex pendentive squinch exarch theocrat Constantinople Procopius refectory iconoclasm Belisarius icon Basil I sakkos Monophysite heresy paten Andrei Rublyev Justinian

Short Answer 41. Who was Basil I and what did he do 843 AD? 42. When did Byzantium fall? 43. What was the significance of the Fourth Crusade? 44. List two buildings associated with Justinian. 45. What formed the foundation of Russian Byzantine art? 46. What is St. Catherine's, Mount Sinai? 47. Who was Nicetas Choniates and what kind of work did he do? 48. What motivations does the Harbaville Triptych align? 49. In what country would one find "onion" domes? 50. What is the significance of the Vladimir Madonna?

51. Who was Eulalios? 52. Who reminded the Carolingian emissary that "the only true emperor of Rome" reigned in Constantinople? 53. What was the state of the Byzantine Empire in the Late Byzantine Period? 54. What is the Corpus Juris Civilis? 55. How did the Byzantines refer to themselves and what language did they speak? 56. What does Theotokos mean and who bears that title? 57. Who was Basil I referring to when he said "they are the kings of the Germans"? 58. What is the meaning of the Anastasis? 59. What country was titled the Third Rome and why? 60. What is a parekklesion? Essay 61. Discuss the implications that the recognition of Christianity as the state religion had for the Byzantine period. 62. Discuss the roles played by the Classical style of Greece and Rome and the formalistic style of the East in the development of Byzantine art. Use examples to support your essay. 63. Discuss the effects of the iconoclasm on Byzantine art. Use examples to support your essay. 64. What innovations did Byzantine architects develop? Discuss specific features from at least three buildings. 65. Compare the mosaics of St. Catherine, Sinai and San Vitale, Ravenna, what changes have been incorporated into San Vitale and why? 66. Discuss icon painting in Russia, what change, if any, has occurred and the reasoning for either change or no change. Use examples to support your essay. 67. Compare the Lamentation from Nerezi and the Anastasis from the Church of Christ in Chora, how are they different. Why? 68. Discuss the impact of Byzantine art and philosophy in Sicily. Use examples to support your essay. 69. Compare the Rabbula Gospels with the Paris Psalter. Consider the time frame of each, how do they each reflect their environment? 70. Discuss the evolution of the representation of Christ from San Vitale, Ravenna, St. Catherine, Sinai, Cathedral at Monreale and the Harbaville Triptych. How has the figure been changed and modified. Consider the political and social climate of each period and area. Other Screen Images Select the response that best suits the image on the screen. 71. (Figure 12-3)

a. Hagia Sophia b. San Vitale c. Santa Constanza d. St. Mark's 72. (Figure 12-19) a. S. Apollinare en Classe b. Katholikon c. St. Pantalemion d. Daphne Monastery 73. (Figure 12-16) a. Vladimir Madonna b. Madonna of St. Catherine c. Theotokos d. Justinian 74. (Figure 12-30) a. Rome b. Constantinople c. Ravenna d. Thessaloniki 75. (Figure 12-15) a. tempera b. encaustic c. pastel d. oil 76. (Figure 12-21) a. San Vitale b. Hagia Sophia c. St. Dimitri d. St. Mark's 77. (Figure 12-16) a. St. Peter's, Rome b. churches of Hosios Loukas, Greece c. Hagia Sophia, Constantinople d. Annunciation Cathedral, Moscow 78. (Figure 12-12) a. Mausoleum of Galla Placidia , Ravenna b. S. Apollinare en Classe, Ravenna c. Santa Pudenziana , Rome d. Pala d'Oro, Venice

79. (Figure 12-34) a. fourth century b. sixth century c. tenth to eleventh century d. fourteenth to fifteenth century 80. (Figure 12-11) a. Early Christian b. Early Byzantine c. Middle Byzantine d. Late Byzantine 81. (Figure 12-24) a. Italy b. Russia c. Turkey d. Sicily 82. (Figure 12-14) a. Paris Psalter b. Vatican Vergil c. Rabbula Gospels d. Rosanno Gospels 83. (Figure 12-13) a. Pentecost b. Ascension c. Lamentation d. Transfiguration 84. (Figure 12-10) a. Justinian b. Theodosius I c. Basil I d. John VII Palaeologus 85. (Figure 12-2) a. wood b. marble c. ivory d. ebony 86. (Figure 12-1) a. Basil I b. Theodosius I

c. Justinian d. John VII Palaeologus 87. (Figure 12-32) a. Late Byzantine b. Early Byzantine c. Middle Byzantine d. Early Christian 88. (Figure 12-25) a. Empress Theodora b. Empress Caterina c. Empress Irene d. Empress Anastasia 89. (Figure 12-33) a. Annunciation b. Visitation c. Epiphany d. Anastasis 90. (Figure 12-23) a. Anastasis b. Theotokos c. Pantocrator d. Basileus Slide Questions Respond to the following essay questions. 91. One of these buildings is Early Christian and the other Byzantine. Identify them, describe the structural system used, and note the historical factors that might account for their similarity. (Figure 12-5) (Figure 11-8) 92. What features of this icon reflect the influence of the hieratic style? (Figure 12-15) 93. Describe the features of this mosaic that make it a typical example of the Early Byzantine style. (Figure 12-10) 94. Compare the treatment of space and form in these two manuscripts and discuss the factors that may account for the pronounced differences in style. (Figure 12-28) (Figure 11-20 95. What does this image say about the representation of Christ? (Figure 12-27) 96. Compare these two images. How do they reflect their periods? (Figure 11-6) (Figure 12-26) 97. What does this portray and what is the medium? (Figure 12-31) 98. Where is this located and what is the period? (Figure 12-17), 99. Who is being presented and how does this reflect the period? (Figure 12-17) 100. What does this view show? (Figure 12-21)