Stainless Steel

in Figures

2013

Data Sources

Disclaimer

Unless otherwise indicated, all data in

this booklet has been provided by the
Interna onal Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF).

The Interna onal Stainless Steel Forum

believes that the informa on presented is
technically correct. However, ISSF does not
represent or warrant the accuracy of the
informa on contained in this document
or its suitability for any general or specific
use. The material contained herein is by
necessity general in nature; it should not
be used or relied upon for any specific or
general applica on without first obtaining
competent advice. ISSF, its members, sta
and consultants specifically disclaim any
and all liability or responsibility of any kind
for loss, damage, or injury resul ng from
the use of the informa on contained in
this brochure.

Data has also been provided by:

1 Interna onal Monetary Fund (IMF)
2 Yale University: School of Forestry
and Environmental Studies
(Reck et al.)
3 Vale Inco

Further Information
For more informa on about the ac vi es
of ISSF, or the sta s cs in this booklet,
please contact:
Secretary General, ISSF
Rue Colonel Bourg 120
B-1140 Brussels, Belgium
T: +32 (0)2 702 89 16
F: +32 (0)2 702 89 12
E: info@issf.org

Website
More informa on about the work of ISSF
can be found at worldstainless.org.

Extranet
Members can access the worldstainless
Extranet at:
h p://extranet.worldstainless.org
Please note: you must have a valid user ID
and password to access this site.
For more informa on about the
worldstainless Extranet, please contact
Jo Claes (claes@issf.org).
Stainless Steel in Figures 2013

Page 2

Table of Contents
Secretary Generals Message .......................................................... 4
Secon 1: History and Compeon
Compound annual growth rate of world stainless crude steel produc on........... 5
Regional share of stainless steel produc on (2005 versus 2012) ......................... 5
Stainless steel versus plas cs - produc on evolu on (1980 - 2011) .................... 6
Compound annual growth rate of major metals (1980 - 2012) ............................ 6

Secon 2: Actual Performance

Stainless crude steel produc on (2006 - 2012p) .................................................. 7
Stainless crude steel produc on by quarter (2011 and 2012p) ............................ 8
Stainless steel foreign trade (2011 and 2012) ....................................................... 9
Foreign trade exports of stainless steel (2011 and 2012) .................................... 10
Foreign trade exports of stainless steel scrap (2011 and 2012) ........................... 11
Apparent stainless steel use by region (2000 - 2012p) ....................................... 12
Stainless crude steel produc on by region (2001 - 2012p)................................. 12
Stainless crude steel produc on by grade category (2001 - 2012p) ................... 13
Global stainless crude steel produc on by quarter (2001 - 2012p) .................... 13

Secon 3: Potenal
Demand versus real stainless steel use - Europe (Q1 2002 - Q4 2012) ...........................14
Demand versus real stainless steel use - Americas (Q1 2002 - Q4 2012) ........................14
Demand versus real stainless steel use - Asia, excluding China (Q1 2002 - Q4 2012) ....15
Demand versus real stainless steel use - China (Q1 2002 - Q4 2012) ..............................15
Demand versus real stainless steel use - World (Q1 2002 - Q4 2012) ............................16
Per-capita direct and indirect use of stainless steel (2000, 2005, 2010) ............. 16
Per-capita direct and indirect use of stainless steel (2005 and 2010) ................. 17
GDP PPP per capita versus stainless steel use per capita (2005 and 2010) ......... 18
Comparison of direct versus total stainless steel use (2005 and 2010) ............... 19

Stainless Steel in Figures 2013

Page 3

Secretary Generals Message

Following the successful introduc on of
Stainless Steel in Figures last year and
Pascals indica on that we would con nue
to up-date the brochure on a regular basis,
I am pleased to introduce the second
edi on.
There were several key factors behind the
original decision, made in Pi sburgh in
1996, to establish an interna onal forum
to represent the interests of the stainless
steel industry. One key goal of establishing
ISSF was to enable the industry to build
its own reliable sta s cal database. With
regular updates and consistent repor ng
standards, members would be able to use
this data for their own decision making
purposes. We have achieved a lot in our
first 17 years and we plan to build on
these achievements in the years ahead.
As we said last year, if you have any
comments, sugges ons, or even cri cisms,
please let us know. Your feedback will
enable us to make further improvements
in future edi ons.
This will be the last edi on of Stainless
Steel in Figures which will be prepared by
Peter Kaumanns as he will re re at the
end of this year. I would like to take this
opportunity to pay a special tribute to
Peter. His reless work collec ng, building,
analysing and presen ng a myriad of
sta s cal data and forecas ng models
has provided a backbone for the progress

Stainless Steel in Figures 2013

the stainless industry has made so far.

There will be other opportuni es this year
to say an appropriate farewell to Peter,
but I wanted to dedicate this edi on of
Stainless Steel in Figures to his important
contribu on to our industry.

John Rowe
Secretary General,
Interna onal Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF)
Brussels, May 2013

Page 4

Section 1: History and Competition

40
World

crisis

Compound annual growth

K
d

35

35.4 Mt
(2012)

DD

30
2001 recession
25

20
Asian crises
15
First Gulf war

10

Second oil crisis

1 Mt

First oil crisis

1950

2012p

Figure 1: Compound annual growth rate of world stainless crude steel

producon (in Mt): 1950 2012p
3%

2%

34%

39%

21%

25%

7%

13%

EU-27

11%

Americas

45%

Other Asia
(excluding China)

China

Rest of world

Figure 2: Regional share of stainless steel producon: 2005 (le) and 2012p (right)
Stainless Steel in Figures 2013

Page 5

Section 1: History and Competition

350

Index: 1990 = 100

33.6 Mt
(2011)

300

250

W
200

Stainless steel
150

100
6.9 Mt

50

1980

2011

Figure 3: Stainless steel producon versus plascs producon: 1980 2011. The producon
evoluon of both materials is similar, though stainless steel is more volale.
Lead

2.29%

Copper

2.56%

Zinc

2.48%

Aluminium

3.52%

Carbon steel

2.61%

Stainless steel

5.57%

Average: 2.69%

Figure 4: Compound annual growth rate of major metals (%/year): 1980 - 2012
Stainless Steel in Figures 2013

Page 6

Section 2: Actual Performance

Country/Region

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011r

2012p

Belgium

1,522

1,521

1,471

1,045

1,306

1,241

1,241

Finland

1,303

975

957

726

998

1,003

1,078

France

529

308

297

202

276

300

285

Germany

1,724

1,505

1,574

1,320

1,509

1,502

1,313

Italy

1,832

1,558

1,471

1,216

1,583

1,602

1,696

Spain

1,257

1,105

998

693

844

807

844

Sweden

684

645

574

445

546

586

510

United Kingdom

375

351

340

224

279

330

294

Other EU

152

148

158

114

152

188

195

European Union

9,379

8,115

7,838

5,986

7,494

7,559

7,455

USA

2,460

2,171

1,925

1,617

2,201

2,074

1,977

491

433

390

324

409

413

391

Americas

2,951

2,604

2,315

1,942

2,609

2,486

2,368

Japan

4,073

3,882

3,567

2,607

3,427

3,247

3,166

South Korea

2,278

1,942

1,660

1,677

2,048

2,157

2,167

Taiwan, China

1,724

1,515

1,297

1,468

1,514

1,203

1,109

China

5,299

7,206

6,943

8,805

11,256

14,091

16,087

Brazil

India

2,006

1,966

1,832

1,721

2,022

2,163

2,279

Asia

15,380

16,510

15,299

16,277

20,267

22,861

24,807

South Africa

727

651

528

546

480

443

503

Russia

131

143

135

86

122

125

112

Ukraine

138

124

104

67

118

147

118

28,706

28,146

26,218

24,904

31,090

33,621

35,363

World

Table 1:

Stainless crude steel producon (ingot/slab equivalent) in 000 metric tonnes:

2006 2012p
p = provisional, r = revised
Note: Major correcon of Chinese data for 2011, not comparable
with previous years.

Stainless Steel in Figures 2013

Page 7

2012 p

2,211
-0.3

2011

2,082

2012 p

World

89

China

2,218

779

2,238

3,412

8,736

87

607

2,226

3,790

8,922

-2.6

-22.0

-0.6

11.1

2.1

114

598

2,134

3,510

8,438

2,065

98

613

2,236

4,006

9,017

-0.9

-14.1

2.5

4.8

14.1

6.9

2011

4,300

203

1,377

4,373

6,922

17,174

2012 p

4,276

184

1,220

4,462

7,796

17,939

-0.6

-9.0

-11.3

2.0

12.6

4.5

2011

1,684

104

553

2,220

3,535

8,097

2012 p

1,756

90

603

2,118

4,015

8,582

% change
Quarter 2

% change
First half

% change
Quarter 3

% change
Quarter 4

4.2

-13.7

9.1

-4.6

13.6

6.0

2011

1,899

84

557

2,177

3,634

8,351

2012 p

1,798

85

545

2,140

4,275

8,843

% change
Second half

-5.3

0.7

-2.2

-1.7

17.6

5.9

2011

3,583

188

1,110

4,397

7,169

16,448

2012 p

3,553

175

1,148

4,258

8,291

17,424

-0.8

-7.3

3.4

-3.2

15.6

5.9

2011

7,883

391

2,486

8,770

14,091

33,621

2012 p

7,829

359

2,368

8,720

16,087

35,363

-0.7

-8.2

-4.7

-0.6

14.2

5.2

% change

Full year

% change

Table 2:

Asia
(excluding
China)

2011

The
Americas

Central &
Eastern
Europe

Quarter 1

Western
Europe/
Africa

Section 2: Actual Performance

Stainless crude steel producon by quarter in 000 metric tonnes:

2011 versus 2012p

Stainless Steel in Figures 2013

Page 8

Semis long 2.5%

Hot bars/wire rod
10.5%
Cold bars/wire
7.9%
Semis flat 1.6%
Cold flat
46.4%

Hot coils
23.3%

Hot plate and sheet 7.8%

Figure 5:

Stainless steel foreign trade 2011 (above) and 2012 (below). In 2011, 79% of all stainless
exports were flat rolled products. In 2012, the share was 81%.

Semis long 3.0%

Hot bars/wire rod

8.4%
Cold bars/wire
7.6%
Semis flat 1.4%

Cold flat
47.0%

Hot coils
25.4%

Hot plate and sheet 7.2%

Stainless Steel in Figures 2013

Page 9

Section 2: Actual Performance

Total

Others

Asia

Africa

Middle
East

Eastern
Europe

Western
Europe

NAFTA

Lan
America

Origin

NAFTA

Desnaon

366.5

80.0

141.6

1.1

3.9

1.3

99.8

0.8

695.1

La n
America

21.3

61.6

17.1

0.5

1.9

4.2

13.8

0.1

120.4

Western
Europe

726.5

73.7

5,478.4

723.7

78.7

66.9

568.1

33.0

7,749.0

Eastern
Europe

14.2

0.9

201.3

131.7

0.7

1.4

6.6

0.0

356.8

Middle East
Africa
Asia
Others
Total

Table 3:

3.6

0.5

21.3

2.0

67.4

0.0

7.8

0.5

103.2

40.1

22.4

85.0

4.3

16.4

6.4

74.1

0.1

248.8

389.7

152.5

965.5

189.1

200.1

77.3

4,401.1

94.7

6,469.9

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.7

0.9

2.0

1,562.1

391.7

6,910.4

1,052.5

369.1

157.5

5,171.9

130.1

15,745.2

Foreign trade exports of stainless steel in 2011 (above) and 2012 (below).
(1,000 metric tonnes.) Includes feedstock material for further processing.

Others

Middle
East

Eastern
Europe

Western
Europe

79.8

148.8

1.5

2.8

1.5

82.8

1.1

745.6

La n
America

37.6

57.7

8.1

0.3

1.5

3.3

10.8

0.1

119.3

Western
Europe

846.3

87.3

5,278.3

698.8

63.8

82.7

510.3

22.8

7,590.3

Eastern
Europe

13.7

0.8

201.1

156.6

2.7

0.7

6.2

0.0

381.9

Middle
East*

4.3

0.3

6.3

0.3

n/a

0.0

7.1

0.4

18.6

Africa

36.6

40.5

88.9

8.2

16.9

6.5

91.9

1.1

290.07

395.4

155.0

849.0

204.5

145.4

73.4

4,292.5

76.5

6,191.6

0.1

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.3

1.0

1.1

2.6

1,761.4

421.3

6,580.7

1,070.1

233.1

168.5

5,002.5

103.1

15,340.6

Asia
Others
Total

Note:

Total

427.5

Asia

NAFTA

Africa

Origin

NAFTA

Lan
America

Desnaon

*Imports from that region

Stainless Steel in Figures 2013

Page 10

Total

Others

Asia

Africa

Middle
East

Eastern
Europe

Western
Europe

NAFTA

Lan
America

Origin

NAFTA

Desnaon

156.9

1.0

162.2

0.1

0.4

0.1

569.1

0.8

890.5

La n
America

0.6

37.4

14.2

52.2

Western
Europe

1.6

0.2

2,138.9

97.4

6.4

0.7

517.4

0.0

2,762.7

Eastern
Europe

0.0

0.1

396.8

70.8

0.0

28.0

0.1

495.7

Middle East

0.4

47.7

1.2

0.8

39.3

89.4

Africa

0.3

18.9

1.5

1.1

23.6

45.3

Asia

4.8

0.0

35.1

0.3

592.6

0.2

633.1

Others

0.0

6.4

0.1

44.6

0.0

51.2

164.6

1.3

2,843.3

168.3

9.9

2.7

1,828.9

1.1

5,020.1

Total

Table 4:

Foreign trade exports for stainless steel scrap in 2011 (above) and
2012 (below). (1,000 metric tonnes.)

Others

Middle
East

Eastern
Europe

168.5

1.2

206.5

0.0

0.2

0.1

574.0

0.2

950.6

La n
America

0.2

0.0

49.4

0.0

13.2

62.8

Western
Europe

3.3

0.6

2,256.3

112.9

5.7

0.2

471.1

0.0

2,850.1

1.3

423.9

58.7

0.0

18.4

502.3

Middle
East*

0.1

31.0

56.5

87.6

Africa*

0.0

29.5

33.2

62.6

Asia

1.1

0.0

14.0

0.5

0.0

563.1

0.0

578.7

10.3

0.0

35.9

0.0

46.2

173.2

3.1

3,020.8

171.7

6.5

0.3

1,765.1

0.3

5,140.9

Eastern
Europe

Others
Total

Note:

Asia

Total

NAFTA

Africa

Origin

NAFTA

Lan
America

Western
Europe

Desnaon

*Imports from that region

Stainless Steel in Figures 2013

Page 11

Section 2: Actual Performance

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

2000

2001

2002

Western Europe

2003

2004

2005

Central/Eastern Europe

2006

2007

Americas

2008

2009

Asia (excl. China)

2010

2011 2012 p

China

Others

Figure 6: Apparent stainless steel use by region: 2000 - 2012p

40,000

-1.0%

+7.8% +10.4% +7.6%

-0.1% +16.9% -2.0%

-6.8%

-5.0% +24.9%

N/A

+5.2%
35,363

33,621

35,000
28,706 28,146

30,000
22,840

25,000

26,218

24,570 24,546

*Major correcon of Chinese data for 2011, not

comparable with previous years.

31,094

24,904

20,690
19,187

20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Western Europe/Africa

2005

2006

2007

Central/Eastern Europe

2008

2009

Americas

2010
Asia (excl. China)

2011* 2012p
China

Figure 7: Stainless crude steel producon by region: 2001 - 2012p (in 000 metric tonnes)
Stainless Steel in Figures 2013

Page 12

CrMn grades (200 series)

CrNi grades (300 series)

24.4
23.0
51.5

24.1
24.5
49.9

26.0
17.8

25.5

25.0

26.9

54.7

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

15.6

10%

57.4

64.7

62.3

20%

65.5

30%

20.4

40%

53.2

50%

17.4

60%

54.3

13.4
55.2

29.9

13.6
57.4

10.4

6.5
70.6

70%

10.9

5.7
71.3

9.4

5.5
70.6

80%

*Major correcon of Chinese data for 2011 and 2012. Not

ffully comparable with previous years (especially CrMn grades).

27.8
13.2
56.5

27.9

28.1
12.5
56.9

22.8

24.5

23.0

22.0

22.1

90%

23.0

100%

Q1

Q2
Q3
2012p

Q4

2011* 2012p
Cr grades (400 series)

Other/not known

10,000
9,000

*Major correcon of Chinese data for 2011, not

comparable with previous years.

8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
2001

2002

2003

Quarter 1

2004

2005

2006

Quarter 2

2007

2008

2009

Quarter 3

2010

2011* 2012p
Quarter 4

Figure 9: Global stainless crude steel producon by quarter (in 000 metric tonnes)
Stainless Steel in Figures 2013

Page 13

Section 3: Potential
120

Real stainless steel use: portion of apparent stainless steel use

which is really used to produce goods containing stainless steel.

Index: 2005 = 100

115

110

105

100

95

90

85

80

Stainless Steel Demand Index

Real Stainless Steel Use

Figure 10: Stainless steel demand versus real stainless steel use - Europe (Q1 2002 to Q4 2012p)
120

Where demand exceeds use, subs tu on of

stainless steel by other materials may be occurring.

Index: 2005 = 100

110

100

90

80

70

60

Stainless Steel Demand Index

Real Stainless Steel Use

Figure 11: Stainless steel demand versus real stainless steel use - The Americas
(Q1 2002 to Q4 2012p)
Stainless Steel in Figures 2013

Page 14

150

140

Stainless Steel Demand Index:

aggregated produc on index
weighted by main stainless-using
industrial sectors, and by market size.

Index: 2005 = 100

130

120

110

100

90

80

Stainless Steel Demand Index

Real Stainless Steel Use

Figure 12: Stainless steel demand versus real stainless steel use - Asia, excluding China
(Q1 2002 to Q4 2012p)
Index: 2005 = 100

280
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60

Stainless Steel Demand Index

Real Stainless Steel Use

Figure 13: Stainless steel demand versus real stainless steel use - China (Q1 2002 to Q4 2012p)
Stainless Steel in Figures 2013

Page 15

Section 3: Potential
Index: 2005 = 100

190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80

Stainless Steel Demand Index

Real Stainless Steel Use

Figure 14: Stainless steel demand versus real stainless steel use - World (Q1 2002 to Q4 2012p)
35
30
25

2000
2005
2010

20
15
10
5
0

Ta
i

an

,C

hi
na
Ko
re
a
Ja
pa
n
Ita
l
Sw y
ed
Ge en
rm
an
y
Sp
ai
n
U
Au SA
st
ra
lia
Un
ite Fr
a
d
n
Ki ce
ng
d
Th om
a
So
il
ut and
h
Af
ric
a
Ch
in
Tu a
rk
e
Ru y
ss
i
M a
ex
ic
Br o
az
il
In
do
ne
si
a

di

In

Figure 15: Comparison of per-capita direct and indirect use of stainless steel - selected
countries - 2000, 2005 and 2010 (kilograms/capita). Source: IMF, Yale.
Stainless Steel in Figures 2013

Page 16

re
a

pa

Ja

Ko

in

Ch
na
Ko
re
a
Ja
pa
n
Ita
l
Sw y
ed
Ge en
rm
an
y
Sp
ai
n
US
Au
A
st
ra
lia
Un
ite Fr
an
d
Ki ce
ng
d
Th om
So aila
ut
nd
h
Af
ric
a
Ch
in
Tu a
rk
e
Ru y
ss
i
M a
ex
ic
Br o
az
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In
do
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si
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,C
hi

an

Ta
i

n
Ita
Sw ly
ed
Ge en
rm
an
Fr y
an
Un
ce
ite
Sp
d
a
Ki
i
ng n
do
m
M
ex
ic
o
US
Au
st A
ra
lia
So Ch
ut ina
h
Af
r
Th ica
ai
la
n
Tu d
rk
e
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ss
ia
Br
az
il
In
do
ne
si
a

an
,

Ta
iw

25

20

15

10

In

di

Stainless Steel in Figures 2013

In

Figure 16: Per-capita direct and indirect use of stainless steel (kilograms/capita) for selected
countries - 2005 (above) and 2010 (below). Source: IMF, Yale.
35

30

25

20

15

10

di

Page 17

Section 3: Potential
GDP/capita
US$45,000

USA

US$40,000
US$35,000

United Kingdom

US$30,000

Australia

Sweden
Germany

France
Spain

Japan
Taiwan, China

Italy

US$25,000

Korea

US$20,000
US$15,000 Mexico
Russia

Turkey
South Africa
Brazil
Thailand
Indonesia China
India

US$10,000
US$5,000

10

15

kg/capita

20

25

2005 (above) and 2010 (below). Source: IMF, Yale.

GDP/capita
US$50,000

USA
US$45,000

Australia

US$40,000

United
Kingdom

US$35,000

Germany
France

Taiwan, China

Japan
Italy

Spain

US$30,000

Sweden

Korea

US$25,000
US$20,000

Russia
Mexico
Brazil Turkey
South Africa
US$10,000
Thailand
China
Indonesia
US$5,000
India
US$15,000

Stainless Steel in Figures 2013

10

15

20

kg/capita

25

30

35
Page 18

45

Direct use

40

Total use

kg/capita

35
30
25
20
15
10

il
Br
az

in
Ch

ce

Fr
an

an

Ge

rm

Ita
ly

pa
Ja

re
a
Ko

di

In

Un
ite
d

US
A
Ki
ng
Ta
do
iw
m
an
,C
hi
na
Sp
So
ai
n
ut
h
Af
ric
a
Ru
ss
ia
M
ex
ic
o

45

(plus trade balance of stainless containing goods) in 2005 (above) and 2010 (below).
Source: IMF, Yale, Vale Inco.
Direct use

40

Total use

kg/capita

35
30
25
20
15
10

Fr
an
ce
Ch
in
a
Br
az
il

rm
an

Ge

Ita
ly

n
pa
Ja

re
a
Ko

di

In

Un
ite
d

US
A
Ki
ng
Ta
do
iw
m
an
,C
hi
na
Sp
So
ai
n
ut
h
Af
ric
a
Ru
ss
ia
M
ex
ic
o

Stainless Steel in Figures 2013

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www.worldstainless.org