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Level 3
How to Use this Book
Although some of the levels in this series have interactive capabilities, each level was designed to serve perfectly well as a stand-alone
text. The interactive web apps are an enhancement, not a requirement for the completion of the exercises. They serve to reinforce
and solidify ear training skills.
The QR Codes
The QR codes found throughout this series can only be read by using a smart phone or pad which has a QR code reader app
installed. If you don’t have a QR code reader and don’t know where to get one, just follow these directions:
Step 1
With your mobile device, open your App Store (iPhone), Market (Android), Marketplace (Windows Mobile), or App World
(Blackberry).
Step 2
Search for “QR reader” and download and install any one of the apps available. There are free or paid versions. Read the reviews
and star ratings to decide which is best for you. Once installed, it’s ready to go.
Step 3
To scan a QR code, activate the app and center the QR code in the viewfinder as if you are going to take a picture of it. Adjust
the distance if necessary. Some code readers scan the code automatically when it’s in view, and some require you to press a button.
Step 4
The app should load in a few seconds. If you want to bookmark the app in your web browser for later use, follow the instructions
on your particular code reader on how to switch to your web browser.
If, after you read these instructions, you are still unsure what to do, don’t give up! Just go to www.primotheory.com for a video
tutorial or email robert@primopublishing.com
Online Resources
Be sure to visit www.primotheory.com or www.mytheoryapp.com to find links to an ever-growing list of supplemental materials
for each level. Throughout the text you will find directions given as follows:
This means to go to the website “primotheory.com” where you will be taken to a page containing a “Resources” link. From there
just follow the links—click on “Resources”, which will take you to a menu with all the volume levels; click on “Level 7”, which
will take you to a page listing Level 7 resources by page number; finally, click on “Page 10” to find the desired resource.
Contents
Section 4 Rests 23
Section 5 Intervals 26
Section 7 Accidentals 29
Level 3 Review 44
4
Section 1
Notation
A note is a symbol that represents a pitch, or musical tone.
Notes are placed on a staff as space notes or line notes. 445 445
LINE notes SPACE notes
1
2
3
4
2.
3.
Write the line and
space numbers.
445444
Write the correct number under each line or space note.
Lines
4446444444444444445
Spaces
4446444444444444445
5
The HALF NOTE consists of a note head and a stem. note head
The note head is not filled in. stem
MEMORY AID:
Replace the lowercase “d” and “p” in “doctor pepper” with half notes: octor epper
Stem Direction
Notes below the middle line Notes above the middle
(line 3) have up stems: line have down stems:
h h h h
4444 h h h h 4444
middle line
4444444444444454
44564444564445556644566
7
Stem Length
The stem should extend three more The length of the stem should equal
lines or spaces from the note head. the length of three more note heads.
4555664 h h
11. Add an up stem to each note head. Make sure the stem length is correct.
455566444444444445
455566444444444445
12. Add a down stem to each note head.
.
The DOTTED HALF NOTE consists of a hollow note head, dot
stem, and a dot placed always to the right of the note head.
Placement of Dots
h .
For SPACE notes, place the dot
on the same space as the note. 6444h.
h .
For LINE notes, place the dot on
the next space above the note,
regardless of stem direction. 6444h.
13. Add stems and dots to each note head.
4444444444444454
444444444444454566
8
Section 2
The Treble and Bass Clef
w
The names of the line and space notes of the treble staff:
w w w w
w w
Line Notes Space Notes
`444444 `444466
w
E
w
G B D F F A C E
w w w w
1. Name the line notes.
w w
`44444444444444554446 w w w
w w w
2.
w
Name the space notes.
w
`4444444444444444446 w w w w
w w w
3. Name the line and space notes.
w w w
`44444444444444554446 w w w
w w w
`44444444444444554446w
w w w w w
w w
`44444444444444554446
w
w w w w w
w
9
4. Draw whole notes on the lines and spaces indicated.
w
The names of the line and space notes of the bass clef:
w w w w
w w
Space Notes
1444444 144446
w
Line Notes
w
G B D F A A C E G
6. Name the line notes.
w w w
144444444444444554446
w w
w w w
w
144444444444444554446 w w w w
w w w w
w w w
144444444444444554446
w w
11. On the staves below, draw whole notes as named. Use lines or spaces of your choice.
Note the clef signs.
`44544444444
brace
144544444444 double bar line
4444
The bar lines extend through The double bar line has a
4444
both staves of the grand staff thin line and a thick line.
Middle C is written on a ledger line between the bass and treble staves.
`44 `44
144
Treble clef middle C
144
Bass clef middle C
12
Drawing Middle C
When drawing middle C on the treble clef, the distance between the ledger line and
line 1 should be the same as the distance between the other lines of the staff.
12. Draw an X across the middle C’s which are not placed correctly.
`4444444444444
14. Practice drawing middle C’s on this staff.
Place them the correct distance from the first line.
`4444444444444
15. Draw a middle C on the treble staff.
`44
144
13
w
When drawing middle C on the bass clef, the distance between the ledger line and
line 5 should be the same as the distance between the other lines of the staff.
16. Draw an X across the middle C’s which are not placed correctly.
14444444444444
18. Practice drawing middle C’s on this staff.
Place them the correct distance from the fifth line.
14444444444444
19. Draw a middle C on the bass staff.
`44
144
14
`4444444444444444445-
w w w w w w w w w w
`4444444444444444445-
w w w w w w w w w w
w w w w
21.
w w w
Name the notes.
w w w
14444444444444444445-
w w w w w w w w w w
14444444444444444445-
15
REVIEW: Section 2
w w
1. Name the notes.
w
Notice the clef signs.
w w
`44444444444444554445- w w w
w w w w
14444444444444444445-
w w w
w
w w
w w
`4444444444444444445-
w
w w w
w w
144444444444444554445-
w w w w
w w
2. Draw dotted half notes on the lines and spaces indicated. Notice the clef signs.
`44544444
144544444
4. Name the notes.
q q
`445664444444444444446 h
q
w
h
w
1445664444444444444446 q
h w w
`445664444444444444446
q
h
q
1445664444444444444446 h h
17
Section 3
Time Signatures
Bar lines are used to separate measures.
A double bar line is used mark the end of a piece or section.
`5444-444-444-=
measure
bar line
measure
bar line
measure
double bar line
44
A time signature is placed at the beginning of a piece of music,
`54
4
to the right of the clef sign.
44
Examples:
34
`55 There are three beats per measure.
The quarter note ( q ) gets one beat.
4
Time Signature 4 Measure 64-= 6-45-6
4
18
4
2. Fill in the blanks.
There are four beats in each ________________________________ .
The note gets one beat.
___________________
(draw the note)
3. Write the number of beats per measure according to each time signature.
44 43 45 46 42
Beats per measure:
Here are the note values for time signatures with 4as the bottom number:
Whole Note Dotted Half Note Half Note Quarter Note
4. Write the correct number of beats each note or group of notes gets.
= beat(s). = beat(s).
= beat(s). = beat(s).
= beat(s). = beat(s).
= beat(s). = beat(s).
44 h q q h q q q h
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
4
4
A)
144455-44455-44455-44456-=
4
4
B)
144455-44455-44455-44456-=
4
4
C)
144455-44455-44455-44456-=
4
4
D)
144455-44455-44455-44456-=
4
4 .
E)
144455-44455-44455-44456-= .
4
4 .
F)
144455-44455-44455-44456-= .
20
2
4 h q q
1 2 1 2
2
4
A)
144455-44455-44455-44456-=
2
4
B)
144455-44455-44455-44456-=
2
4
C)
144455-44455-44455-44456-=
21
44
9. Write the counts of the measure below the notes.
154444-4444-4444-4444-= h h q q q q q q h
44
154444-4444-4444-4444-=
h q q h. q q h q q h.
34
154444-4444-4444-4444-=
h. q q q h q q h
43 h
154444-4444-4444-4444-=
q h q q q q h.
4
10. Add bar lines where they are needed. Check the time signatures.
4
144444444444444544-=
4
4
144444444444444445-=
3
4
144444444444444445-=
3
4
144444444444444445-=
11. Write the top number of the time signature in each measure.
4h 4 h. q
`4445-=44665-=4444-=545446-=
h 4q h 4 h. q q
4q q 4 h.
`444-=444-=445-=44444566 -= 4 4q q h q q
22
A
`5444-455555-= `54456-45564-=
4 3
4 4
1. 2.
B
`5444-455555-= `54456-45564-=
4 3
4 4
1. 2.
C
`5444-455555-= `54456-45564-=
4 3
4 4
1. 2.
D
`5444-455555-= `54456-45564-=
4 3
4 4
1. 2.
E
`5444-455555-= `54456-45564-=
The student/teacher exercises should be repeated regularly until they are easily done.
You can find more practice sheets at the following website:
PrimoTheory.com Resources Level 3 Page 22
23
Section 4
Rests
A rest is a symbol used to indicate silence for a certain length of time.
The Whole Rest
The whole rest is a solid rectangle which
hangs from line 4 of the staff.
When illustrated outside the staff, a line The whole rest looks like
is added to the top of the rectangle. a (w)hole in the ground.
145-45-45-45-45-45-45-45-=
In time signatures with 4as the bottom number,
the half rest gets two beats.
When illustrated outside the staff, a line The half rest - think of
is added to the bottom of the rectangle. two eyes under a hat.
Q
24
Q
The Quarter Rest To draw a quarter rest, follow these steps.
454444546
In time signatures with 4as the bottom
number, the quarter rest gets one beat.
Start with a
Z shape,
then add a
little curve.
finished
145-45-45-45-45-45-45-45-=
In time signatures with 4as the bottom number, each rest receives the
following beats:
Q
Whole Rest Half Rest Quarter Rest
Q = beat(s). Q Q = beat(s).
= beat(s). Q= beat(s).
145-45-45-45-45-45-45-45-=
Half
rest
Quarter
rest
Whole
rest
Quarter
rest
Half
rest
Whole
rest
Quarter
rest
Whole
rest
25
2.
`54 This is called a _____________________________________________________________
4 q 4 h
`445-=4445656-=4446-=4464446-= q 4 h 4 h. q
44
6. Write the counts of the measure under the notes and rests.
`544446-44446-44446-44446-=
w q q h h. h
43 h .
`444546-44446-44446-44446-= q q h
7. Draw the rest named in each measure.
145-45-45-45-45-45-45-45-=
Whole
rest
Quarter
rest
Half
rest
Whole
rest
Quarter
rest
Whole
rest
Half
rest
Quarter
rest
26
Section 5
Intervals
An Interval is the distance between two tones.
The 2nd on the staff:
2nd The interval of a 2nd
is the same as a STEP. `444-444-
w w
line to space
w w
space to line
w
Draw a 2nd up from each given note. Use whole notes. Name the notes.
w
1.
w w
`455-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-=
A B
w w
2.
h h
Draw a 2nd down from each given note. Use half notes. Name the notes.
h h
h
1455-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-= h
E D
`444-444-
w w w w
The interval of a 3rd
3rd is the same as a SKIP.
line to line space to space
3. Draw a 3rd up from each note. Use dotted half notes. Name the notes.
h h
`455-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-=
h
h
h h
4.
q q
Draw a 3rd down from each note. Use quarter notes. Name the notes.
q
1455-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-=
q
q q
27
w
5. Draw a 4th up from each note. Use whole notes. Name the notes.
w w w
`455-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-=
w w
6.
h h h
Draw a 4th down from each note. Use half notes. Name the notes.
h
h
1455-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-= h
w
The 5th on the staff:
w w
skip + skip
7. Draw a 5th up from each note. Use dotted half notes. Name the notes.
h
`455-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-=
h
h
h h h
8.
q q
Draw a 5th down from each note. Use quarter notes. Name the notes.
q q
q
1455-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-=
REVIEW
q
9. Name the interval in each measure. Example: 2nd, 3rd, 4th or 5th.
`4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-=
3rd
28
Section 6
Half Steps and Whole Steps
Half Steps
On the keyboard, a half step is the distance from one key to the very next key.
1. From each key marked with a dot, draw a on the key a half step higher.
2. From each key marked with a dot, draw a on the key a half step lower.
Whole Steps
A whole step is made up of two half steps.
On the keyboard, count two half steps from the starting note.
3. From each key marked with a dot, draw a on the key a whole step higher.
4. From each key marked with a dot, draw a on the key a whole step lower.
29
Section 7
Accidentals
Sharp, flat and natural signs are called accidentals.
An accidental is always placed on the left side of the note that is affected.
Sharp Sign A sharp sign before a note raises the pitch one half step.
D E E#
`445-6445- w #w `445- #w
If a D is sharped, it is called “D-sharp” (written as “D#”).
An E that is sharped is called “E-sharp” (written as “E#”).
1. On each keyboard write a on the key that is named.
C# A# D#
G# F#
E# B#
q w w
15646-44-44-44-44-44-44-44-= h
w
q
h w
Flat Sign A flat sign before a note lowers the pitch one half step.
On the keyboard, a flatted note is played on the very next key to the left.
Fb F
`44-6445- `445-
w
D
w
Db
w A flatted note can be
played on a white key.
Notes which have been flatted are called “D-flat” (written as Db).
4. Write a on each key named.
Eb Ab Db
Bb Gb
Fb Cb
31
6.
w
q
Name the flatted notes.
15646-44-44-44-44-44-44-44-= h w h w
w q
A
q w w
w
`5646-44-44-44-44-44-44-44-= h q
h
w
Natural Sign Db
D A C
G B
32
w w w
1. Draw a 2nd down from each given note. Use whole notes. Name the notes.
w w w
`455-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-=
D C
2. Draw a 3rd up from each note. Use half notes. Name the notes.
h h
h h
1455-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-= h h
3. Draw a 4th down from each note. Use dotted half notes. Name the notes.
h h h h
`455-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-= h
h
4. Draw a 5th up from each note. Use dotted half notes. Name the notes.
h
1455-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-=
h
h h h h
5. Name the interval in each measure. Example: 2nd, 3rd, 4th or 5th.
`4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-=
2nd
6. Circle the term which correctly completes each statement or fill in the blank:
A sharp sign (#) RAISES or LOWERS the pitch a half step.
A flat sign (b) RAISES or LOWERS the pitch a half step.
What does a natural ( ) sign mean? _____________________________________________________________
33
D# A# E#
Db Gb Cb
E F B
w
10. Name the sharped notes.
w
`5646-44-44-44-44-44-44-44-=
w
A
w h
q
h
q
11.
w
Name the flatted notes. w h
q
15646-44-44-44-44-44-44-44-=
w h
q
w
34
Section 8
Ear Training
Note to the teacher:
Assignment 1 can be practiced solo by the student or with a teacher. The teacher should first
practice this exercise with the student to make sure that the student knows how to practice it.
This exercise may be discontinued only when the student can match the pitches easily.
Solo Exercise: Singing Intervals
Exercise 1 will help the student recognize the sound of the intervals studied in this unit.
The following drills can be practiced solo or with the teacher.
1. Start on middle C.
a) Play C. Sing C using the syllable do.
(Do not move to the next step until you can match the pitch.)
b) Play D (the interval of a 2nd above C). Sing and match D using re.
c) Sing C to D as you play.
d) Repeat steps a), b) and c) using another interval above C.
Practice with the following intervals: 2nd C to D (sing) do - re
3rd C to E do - mi
4th C to F do - fa
5th C to G do - sol
2. Start on middle C.
a) Play four keys going up by steps C, D, E and F.
Go back down by steps to C. (F, E, D, C)
Listen to the sound.
b) Play four keys going up by skips C, E, G and B.
Go back down by skips to C.
Listen to the sound.
c) Repeat a) and b) using different starting tones.
35
Teacher/Student Improvisation Exercises
The student will compose and play accompaniment figures as the teacher improvises a melody.
3. Using two to four different keys on the piano,
a) Make up a few simple repeating step or skip patterns.
Keep the patterns very simple, so that they can be played easily.
Use any combination of hands or fingers to play.
b) Your teacher will play a melody as you play one of your patterns.
Examples of repeating patterns:
44 q q 44
skips
`44456-44555-5 `44456-44555-5
q q qqqq q q
qq q qq q
or
qqqq qqqq
44
qqqq qqqq 44 44
steps
144456-44466-6 144456- 144456- or or
$4time
4 4 4
4 4 4
4 4 4
4 4 4
37
1. 2. 3. 4.
w w
w w w w
`4445- `4445- `4445- `4445- w w w w w w
w w w w
w w w w w w w w
w w w w w w
B
`4445- `4445- `4445- `4445- w w
6. Your teacher will play groups of pitches which move by 2nds and 3rds.
In each measure, there will be three pitches played.
The third note is missing on the staff.
After you hear each group, draw the missing note in each measure.
The third note will repeat the second note or move by 2nd or 3rd.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
A
`4456-4456-4456-4456-4456-=
ww ww ww ww ww
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
B
`4456-4456-4456-4456-4456-=
ww ww ww ww ww
The student/teacher exercises should be repeated regularly until they are easily done.
You can find more practice sheets at the following website:
PrimoTheory.com Resources Level 3 Page 37
38
Section 9
Major Scales and Keys
The Major Scale
The major scale is a series of eight successive tones arranged in the following ascending
order of whole steps (W) and half steps (H):
W W H W W W H
These intervals are the distance between the scale tones.
The tone that begins the scale is called the tonic or keynote.
The tonic names the scale.
w w w w
This is the
C Major scale `44444444444645-=
1
w
Tonic
W
2
w
W
3
w
H
4
w
W
5
W
6
W
7
H
8(1)
The half steps in the major scale occur between scale tones 3 - 4 and 7 - 8.
You can easily remember the whole/half step sequence by using the following:
We Were Happy When We Went Home
1. Write the whole step and half step pattern for the major scale:
2. The half steps in the major scale occur between scale tones - and - .
3. The tone that begins and names the scale is called the __________________ .
4. For the following major scale:
a) Print the whole and half step pattern on the lines below.
Use W (whole step) and H (half step).
C _______ D _______ E _______ F _______ G _______ A _______ B _______ C
b) Name the tonic note. _______
c) Name the scale using an uppercase letter. _______ Major
39
w w
C Major
`44444444444645-445-= w w w w
w w
w w w w
w w
G Major
w w
`44444444444645-445-=
w w w w
w
F Major
w
`44444444444645-445-=
w w
40
Key Signatures
When the C major scale is used as the main scale of a piece, the piece is said to be in
the key of C major. When the G major scale is the main scale, the key is G major, and
so on.
The key signature is formed by placing sharps or flats to the right of the clef sign.
A key signature identifies the key in which a piece is written.
# #
This is the G Major key signature. `4 14 or
pp
TERM MEANING SIGN
p
Pianissimo very soft
P
Piano soft
Mezzo piano moderately soft
Mezzo forte moderately loud F
Forte loud f
Fortissimo very loud ff
1. List the dynamic signs in order from the softest to the loudest.
(softest) (loudest)
p f f F P p
2. Circle the louder dynamic sign.
a) b) c)
e) p pp f) P F g) ff f
3. Draw a line from each dynamic sign in the center column to the appropriate term in
p
the left column and description in the right column.
F
Pianissimo loud
f
Piano moderately soft
P
Mezzo piano soft
pp
Mezzo forte very loud
ff
Forte very soft
Fortissimo moderately loud
42
The Tie
4
A tie is a curved line that connects two adjacent notes of the same pitch.
4w
1445-5456-= w
The two notes combine to form one continuous pitch.
This pitch lasts for the combined value of the two tied notes.
4 4
4 beats 3 beats
4
`4446-4545-= `4446-4545-= 4
2 + 2 1 + 2
beats beats beat beats
2 2 2
4. Write the number of beats each pair of tied notes receives.
4
`44-456-= `44-456-= `44-456-= 4 4
beats beats beats
The Slur
44
A slur is a curved line that connects two or more notes of different pitches.
Remember:
A tie connects only two notes of the same pitch.
A slur connects two or more notes of different pitches.
43
Staccato
The term staccato is used to describe notes performed in a disconnected manner.
The sign used for staccato is a dot placed above or below a note head.
The dots will always appear above or below the note head, on the opposite side
from the stem.
Correct Wrong
A staccato dot should not be confused with the dot of a dotted note.
5. Some of the staccato signs on the staff below are placed incorrectly.
Draw an X through the notes with the incorrectly placed staccato signs.
4444444444444444455
6. The staff below contains dotted notes and staccato notes.
Circle the correct term for each note.
4444444444444444455
Dotted Dotted Dotted Dotted Dotted Dotted Dotted Dotted
Staccato Staccato Staccato Staccato Staccato Staccato Staccato Staccato
LEVEL 3 REVIEW
1. Draw dotted half notes on the lines and spaces indicated.
2. On the staves below, draw whole notes as named. Use lines or spaces of your choice.
145-45-45-45-45-45-45-45-=
Quarter
rest
Whole
rest
Quarter
rest
Half
rest
Whole
rest
Quarter
rest
Whole
rest
Half
rest
`44544444
144544444
45
6. Name the interval in each measure. Example: 2nd, 3rd, 4th or 5th.
`4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-4556-=
7. From each key marked with a dot, draw a on the key a half step higher.
8. From each key marked with a dot, draw a on the key a half step lower.
9. From each key marked with a dot, draw a on the key a whole step higher.
10. From each key marked with a dot, draw a on the key a whole step lower.
46
C# G# B#
Eb Bb Fb
D G B
w
12. Name the sharped notes. Circle the notes that are played on the white keys.
w
`5646-44-44-44-44-44-44-44-= q h q
w w w
A
w w
13. Name the flatted notes. Circle the notes that are played on the white keys.
h
q
15646-44-44-44-44-44-44-44-=
w
q
h w
14. On the lines below, print the whole and half step pattern for the major scale.
Use W for whole steps and H for half steps.
F _______ G _______ A _______ Bb _______ C _______ D _______ E _______ F
G _______ A _______ B _______ C _______ D _______ E _______ F# _______ G
w w w w
w w
G Major
w w
`444444444446455-455-=
47
16. Below are key signatures written in the bass and treble clefs.
Draw a line connecting the key names (in the boxes) to the correct key signatures.
Each box should connect to a key signature on the right and left.
#
14 #
G Major 14
`4 C Major `4
`4 F Major 14
17. Write the top number of the time signature in each measure.
4h
144454-=4446-=444455-=56446-= 4 q h 4 q h. 4 q
4 q 4 h.
14454-=444656-=4465-=46445465-= q 4 q q 4 h h.
44
18. Write the counts of the measure below the notes and rests.
15445556-45456-44556-45456-45456-=
h. q q q h h q q
43 h .
15445556-45456-44556-45456-45456-=
q q h q q q q h
4
19. Add bar lines where they are needed. Check the time signatures.
4
1444444444444445444-=
3
4
1444444444444444445-=
48
20. List the dynamic signs in order from the softest to the loudest.
(softest) (loudest)
P f f p P p
21. Circle the softer dynamic sign.
a) b) c)
d) ff F e) pp f f) p F
22. Draw a line from each dynamic sign in the center column to the appropriate term on
the left column and description on the right column.
ff
pp
Forte moderately soft
P
Mezzo piano very loud
p
Piano loud
F
Fortissimo soft
f
Pianissimo very soft
Mezzo forte moderately loud
23. The staff below contains dotted notes and staccato notes.
Circle the correct term for each note.
4444444444444444455
Dotted Dotted Dotted Dotted Dotted Dotted Dotted Dotted
Staccato Staccato Staccato Staccato Staccato Staccato Staccato Staccato
25. For each term there are two possible answers. Circle the correct answer.
Dotted Half Note 2nd -56565- -56565-
Flat Treble Clef
Quarter Rest
Q Bar Line 6-45-6 64-=
Whole Rest Double Bar Line 64-= 6-45-6
Middle C `45 145 3rd
-56565- -56565-