Appendix

IL

Tlie three

Faroards

Hadokht lask
which are
still

extant.

rr

The Zand and Palilavi Texts,

with a transliteration of
tlie

Pahlavi,

and various

roadiiigs.

(Westergaanl's Yasht Fraomenrs XXI.

1.

XXII.

36.)

Kdited by

M.

Hang,

Ph.

D.

01)servations.
The same remarks apply
Pahlavi versions
alternate
to
tliis

text as

to

the

foregoing.

The Zand and

as they

are

found in the MSS,,

;

and the sentences are

numbered

in accordance with those altei-nations

in the

but the nujnbers of Westergaard's

sections are also given,

tional sentences in

margin, for the convenience of the student.

version are

Addito

the

Pahlavi

marked a),

as

supplementary

the

preceding sentence.

The

transliteration applies

only to the

Pahlavi text,
are

and phrases which are

as

merely explanatory of the preceding

transliterated.

words,

marked

parentheses,

when

In the various readings,

all

references marked Z.

relate to the

Zand

text, in

which the words alluded

of

to,

are

marked with an
separately.

asterisk *,

and the components

compound words are counted

,

Besides the MSS.

He and

Koq, which

have been previously described

some references are made

is

to the following

K21 - the Kopenhagen MS. No. 21, which

a careless and
collection,

modern copy
is

of K.,o.

P7

the

Paris MS. No.

of Anquetil's

which

somewhat

older copy of K20.

The

variations

of the

Zand version
which
is

in

Kooi

^n

'ind

P7 are taken from

Westergaard's published text,

very correct,

but does not notice

some of

the minor variations in orthography.

Some

variations, indicated
text,

by

(i.,

have been

taken from a Oujarati transliteration of the Zand

Jaratoshti,

contained

in

the Farjiat-e

Bombay, A.Y. 1207 (A.D.

1838),

which may have been derived from

lias

other

MSS,

The Pahlavi

version,

however,

been

settled

from

a collation of

the two old

MSS. Hg and K,n.

Chapter
I

I.

Westergaanl's Yasht Fragment XXI.

17.|

(o^

.'-ujj^^ 2

ajP-^c

-'>*0i^^rQ)^

-'>*oo^

j^>*^

^^)r^v

Chapter
[PaMavi.]
i

I.

Pursid Zaratuhasht min Auharraazd aigh:

dadar-e

Auhar-

niazd, nimavad-i afziinik,

J

gehan-i

ast-li6mandan-i

yasharubo,

kadar lak min valmansliaii gubisJmdnd

mun pavan

guhishno harvisp

dvddih va harvisp yasharaish pedakih hamak

I.

Z. 1,7. Hfi has >

for

>.

Z. 1,8.

K.q has UJA*

i.

for

i,

here and elsevrhere.

1,9, both omit

all

1,11. Koq has

for

j,
,

Z. 2,1.

compare
a

Z.

ahmya and yahnya

the

MSS. have
for

,}iii

for -jujj

which

is

blunder easily made.

Z. 2, 6, 8.

He has j

here

and elsewhere.

2, 5, 8.

Kjo omits

final

^ .

2, 10.

or perhaps dscldih.

270

Hadokht Nask

I.

3-

G.

tat

^^y ^-^

^^4*'^^

w3

/v)y"^e)

tin

^^^d)

'3

bun va

hixv-i

pedAk

aigli

f'ranniih

dad y(>kavimuued, zyani guft

aigli

Nafsliman
'\

glial

yehevimed?
:

Pasukhoih val valmaii guft Auhannazd, aigh

Zaratuiiasht
,

Yasharaisli-stastayT'd

yisiinih

ashcni-volifdv.
l)ai')

jMuii

yashavaisli

pavan

iVaiianiisliiiu-i

kabed (aigh kabed

va

doniiiau kav frOpatcd-i

madani
stayad

iniidshno minisliiiik iitun v\i\\nk-da}iisJimh

miu

(ilirn.

')

Zak-i

li

mun Auharmazd-oin

I.

2,17.
4,

Ilfi

om.

2, IS.

K,o omits J.
.

Z.

a, 7.

all

but

Ilr,

liavo

>

for

a.
^^^"

Z.

4-.5. K.-o
2.

J|<OiJ/^
all

j)j4-"'^'
jj

^- ^'

f'-

-"* '" "")

''"*^

^'^^V-

XIV.

Z. 4,8.

omit tho sccoinl

'"

4,10.

i)

in

Visp.

XIV.

2.

4,13
4,21.

14.

))^

^
2.

-f^^Vd
)yi^f^

'^''^'l^-

>^JV.2.
^.

4,19. K.o omits

<"

^^
.

Visp.
lie

XIV.
>

adds

^^

>

^5,

H-

'"is

iJi.

f'"'

Z. G, 15.

lias

lor

Harloklit

Xask

T.

7-9.

271

^^ro)

^^.^

-i5tiil

so**rtJ)

^^^a

-<)-^^^-H^

iC ItT soo-^-^y**^

-u^^)>;>

-u^)02x)*lt^c4j/^^

-"^>oe)o*^

'^

0*0

j)ro)^

/vro^^rcD -xj-^^W

'))0

)^wm^

)Y^^^ ^^^
va
zak-?'

0*0

Gj)

li

zak-'/

maya

stayad,

vu

zak-< clamik stayad,

gospeiul stayarl,
iniui

va zak-^ aurvar stayad, va zak- hanisp

iiiin

^;af//'/i-^

Auliannazd-dad,
7

yasharaisb pedak stayad

(fa///<a,s/<

hamak

stayad yehevimd).

3Iaman

zak- giibislino-? Zaratuhaslit-i arshukht

fVariino,

fraz guft,

va

fraz giift-z rast-/

amat pavan zak

giibishiio-?

valman-^ Aliu-ver fraz yeiiialeluni-air

l)ara afza-

pavan dastobar; 8 amavandih va piriizkarib va riiban va dino

vad.
'.t

Aijed

SpUdmdno

Zaratuhasbtar; khadiik yasbaraisb-stayisbnih,

I,

fi,

1.

both omit J.

0, 4, .

Kjo omits ^.
;

0,5,9,13.

Hf,

omit- J

0,17.

liotli

omit J.
Mil

0,19. or dzihUh-i
Hfi

Ifn

omits J.

6,26. Kjo omits

,J^

Z.'?,

6,

but

have JM for
7.

JUJ

7.2. l\,o omit<

J.
^

7.3.
for

Ho omits J

7,8.

Hn

omits

10.

Koo omits J.
Z. s
2.

7.11. K-.q has

J.

7,16. He omits J.
for

7,17. K,o omits J.

Z. 9, 8.

-U^
9, 2.

only
K.,o

in

lis.

Z. 8,5. G. lias

fij

J.

C>j3

in all

but

lie.

omits final

272

Had6kht Nask

I.

10-11.

ashem-vohuk
va

ae,

khaduf khaduk yasharuhdn simdyaddrih, 10 C khvdp,

va bevar mayud cliigun

bisraya-khurislinih,

mCm C khvdp

bara

khelmuned, va
bara vajared,

M
;

bar bisraya bara vashtaniuned, va bevar bar mayud

kadarcliai

min

taniian

amatash bara mill tanu rasishno

khaijd yamtiined
I

zak and

arjed.
I

Kadar yasharaish-stayishnib, ashem volm,

mtin min

zak-i

zakdi yashardish-stdyishnth mas va

I.

9,9.

Miad

substituted for

aij.

!>,

11.

K.y has U))

>

for

U)

9,12. so in both,

but more commonly

of the chapter
into

-^^^ji^^yii
the
,

Z. lU,

1.

G, condenses the remainder

,

following

words:

dasa gmsh qareitinam

te

satem

pascha franharetanam

hazanrem qafnanum, baevare

paro-asti jasoifhydo
;

qafndd fraghri-

semnandm kaiihdoscMd taminum

tails.

omitting further de-

Z. 10,3.

He

inserts

^
4JJ

after

J.

Z. 10,5. K.q, P? have JJ for last j.

10, 11. K,>o oni.

10,2,13.

jJfor^,
10,

or

here and elsewhere.

.

10,33.

K20 om.

35-36. K30
5

J(j)^)0i5J

Z.

11, 9.

He G^|-"^J<?rti>
oni.

K'"

#)""^'f ttJ)

''"*

^^^ 1^'9- ""'^ 21,9.

11,413. K20

lir-dokht

Nask

I.

12-10.

273

e^^^jii

j^->
14

^^rei)

-x^^^W
))^^

^\^

^ty^ j/x^n^V
)

vie)

rcD^W

c% v^ii^'fOO)

-K^y^ i-^c

^))),^

^i

f^-^^

4|^CjAojel3j|

1.,

^Oq

^)j)*o ^^rei) tin

)W^^^

vevr*

^-^^^

shnpir

t'((

naduktum

kai^ji

':'

12

Pamkholh avo
!)

valinaii guft Auhaiiiiazd

ati>li

Zakicli,

yaslia-

iLibo Zniatuliaslit,
tlarl,

amir

galu'a
/.ak-t

iVaz-kliiiiishnili-/ llorvaihu]

va

Ameru-

va

yasliavaiali stayad.

Ashom-Yohu valman ycmahlimcif ; va

14
,

akhar i^rosh druiio vashraiiiunei],

huvarshtu.
liuklit

f'vaz

stiiyad

liuinat

va

bukht va
i;

aigli

stayad yeftevunecl

l.jbara yedruned

dushmat

dush-

va dusli-liAvarshto, aio'hasli Kara yedruiid ychcvCnial.

I.

ll,17,K,o om.
Z. 13.2. K,.o

Z. 12,(;.

He

^^.
13, H;.

12.

1.

K,o adds
13, s.

to

u>

Z. 13.
II.

1.

He omits g,
<imit>

0111.

13,4. K.n omits

j.
om.
1.'.,

K,,o

om.

i:t,

H^
:.

J,

13,15. both omir

final

^i..^^

13,18. K,.o
last
JJ

y^.
in
11,,.

U.

K,,u

omits

^.

14.10.

K,o
K,

om.

Z.

1.

onlv

l.'),4.

Hg om.

15,11.

Ho

^;

^)))H^.

Z.

1(;,4. 9.

He has

>

for

a.
35

274

Hadoldit Nask

I.

17

20.

i(j

Kadar khadiik

yashariiisli-6'fy//&7^?//(

Ashein-voliiik c,
asli
i)ias

inuii

iiiin

(J

valmiinshan-i

zakai yiislmraish-stayislmth

va

sliajur va

naduktuni arj-i?
17 Pasukhoih avo valman
gut't

AuJuii'inazd aigli: Zakich, yasliavubo

iiiiii

Zaratdfiaslit, 18 aniat gabra, akliar

fVaz-khiirishnih-i hom-i liunid,

yasliaraish stayad, zak-i Asliem-voliiik

ao bara

yemaleluned

va paia-

hom vashtamiined
bara ycdiunod

19 fraz stayad

hiiniat

va liukht va huvarsht^ 20

I.

16, 4.

K.o tkm

C^JJfQ)

IC,

(i.

K,o

\.
17,9.

Kl, 14,

K,o

oni.

IG, 20.

Koq
^

omits J.
all

17,1. Kou adds

to
J

ya

K,a

^^^O)^-^
18,11.

^-

^*^'

omit

g.

Z.

18,5.

Ho

lias -JU

For final

j.
'^^

Us omits J.

18,15.

K20

C^)hV'

^'^''^-

^^20 "'^'^^ *^"'''

20,1- last ii only in He.

Hftdokht Nask

I.

2]

25.

275

10

J^IT^-"

-JMj

^^

0*0

J^i^fQ)

6i^^

4|Cj^j^gy>)^^

^0

[continue as

in

I'.l

iU.]

J^e))*

iKJc/

^o

^^"^OO

duslimat va dusli-huklit va dusli-liuvarsht.

21

Kadar

Jihadulc

yciHhdViiUh-stuijisJinih-i

niiii

valmanshan-/
?

/akai yashavaisli-^Mv/is/*?^?/?

mas va shapir
giift

va uaduktar kasp

22 Pasitkhuih avo valman

Auliarniazd aigh:

Zakioh, yashalala-

lubu /jciratfihasht^

2;)

mat gabra bara khelmuned-i pavan khvdp

idpimishmh va

bara-klielmiinishnih, yasliaraish sfayad,

Ashem-vohuk-I:

242.-) [chigun fiafto: hcc V.)2i)\.

I.

in, S.
10.

K.o

^.^OH*
^

^'-

"-^''-

^^-0 '^^^^

"**

^'oil'^stj.
for

21,2. K,o om.

^

21,4.
to

K, adds

to

^.

21,7. K.JO lias

J.
C23, 9.

22,1. K-o adds

2:i(i. K.,0

^
for

-'^'-

K-o
or
I

I^OO)^-^'
JJ
.

'^'^

-^''-

""

'"'

))*>;

i)

^,
ninits
rlie

23, 8. a doubtful roading.

tlio

ouiy

in

K,o.

24, 2.

K,

final

y^

remaining' text

of 24

2-5

is

omitted

in

the MSS.,

being

same

as that of 19

20.

276

HMokht Nask

I.

26-30.

13

'k\^^Ki)^'d 29
^0

30

0% ^),4't3"^ as
ill

-"^^^

>

^))\^
))0(2

-^

)^^

Icoiitiiiue

ly 20.|

^^f

o -u^uiJ^AG>0

2t)

KaUt'ir

kluiduk

y;\s\ydvius]\-stdyisliitih
i(),()00

mnn min

zak-i

bevar val-

manshaii zakai yasharaish-.stayislmih

Ashem-vohuk

asli

mas va

shaptr va iiaduktar
I'i

aij

'r'

P((sukh6th val valman

jj,utt

Auliavniazd

aigh

Zakich, yasha-

rubo Z((r(ituha'<ht, 28 amat gabra min khvcip tVaz-virayishnili va tVazbuyishnih yasharaish

stayarl

Ashem-voliiik-I bara yemalcliined, va

lala

yekavimiinod

2930

[chiguii guft, see

1020.]

I.

Z.

2(), 9.

.Kao
Hr,

liax

a
.

for

last

'_*(;,

2.

K,,,,

oin.

26, 4.

K-.o

CP)-MfC2)

2(5,1718,
to

^)
/

26, 19. K,,o oni.

Z. 27,(1.

He

^^
'^'-

27,1. Hg adds

^.

27,2.

Hb

))A).

27,9.
Z. 2S,

K
(;.

^^^>0t^-^
hni
II,

'^-

' "" ""^ 6*

.

Z. 28,4. K,,o

has
for

for

|.

;.ll

liavo

>|

for

JJ

28,4. K.,o
tlie

-U^

^,
is

or

IJJ.

28,

12-.

K.,,

omits

V.

Z. 29,2.

remain-

ing text of

2930

omitted

in

the M.SS,.

being the same as that of 1920-

Hadokht Nask

I.

31-33.

277

15'

31

Racial'

khaduk yasharaish-stayishnih mim, min

raiiiak

haivist dennian
Tir,

kcshvar-i
javicl

Khvanlras levatman

va levatman las, bara min

^

min anshuta, ash mas va shapir va naduktar kasp

o'i

Pasuklivoih avo valman gaft Aubarmazd aigh:

zak-i

Zakich, yasha-

rubo ZaratuhasJit, 33 amat gabra, pavan

yasharaish

afadum vardishn-i khayd,

,

stayad Asheiii-vohuk-I bara yemalelimed

va akhar

I.

Z.Sl,

10. Hr, lias

fur

j.

Z. 31,

1114.

in tht-

margin of Hg; the other MSS.

prefix

eo

to this
is

phrase

this

may

stand for

.ji^

fa,

the Paz. of

tlie

Huz.

5l vad,

which

the usual

sign of abbreviation,

as "Westergaard suggests:
often attached to marginal

but

it

is

more probably
in

the cypher

^,

which

is

insertions

I'arsi

MSS.,

and

may

indicate

that
in

these
that of

words were
lie.

in

the

margin of some former MS.,

has

as they

now

are

Z. 31, 14.
151,

P7

J*0^

tor

J.
3:>. 9.

31,9. K.,o
K.,o

J.,

31,10.

He omits i.
'^^

24.

He om.
^"

ol,2G. K,o om.

^^OO)^-^
.

^''

' ""

"'"'^

C*

^''^^'^-

JJ^%.o . >o(j^.

33, 12. 17. 33,12.1,.

K., K.,0

^)ylJ^ c^^^yVu

278

Hadokht Kask

I.

34-36.

16

0%

er^ V^^*)

^6-^

milaya
(i)

la

yemaleUmed ; 34
le-denman

3")

[clitijun

uzuar nipisht,

sec

19

20.]

HomamI

vaiias

va

kirfak rast hamistakanu zakai

Ashem-

vohiik-I bara yemahiiincd, bara

pavan zak pdlilum

ahvaii yamtuned.

30 Kadar kliaduk yasharaisli-stayishnih miin miii harvisp deninan-?"

yin

andarg damik va andarg a<man

bai'visp

v(i

deninan daniik va zak roshanib

yasbaraisb podakih, asb

va

dvddih-i Aiiharmazd-dad.
kas])
'f

mim min

mas va sbapir va naduktar

I.

Z.
is

34,3.-35,5. He omits
supi^lied
a,
1.

tlieso

words,
15,1.

as in 2!) 30.
iiiid
'Jn, 1.

/.

35,1.

tlie

last
K..,o

JJ

in

accordance
in

with
sec

in He-

35,13.
35 a.
4.

om.

:55

^^yo
K,o

botli,

l.iit

3,sr,, 1.

35^,2. Hg cm.
.35

K,,o

om.
3(>, 8.

35rt, 11.

^)]5VHe om.

35rf. 13.
M(,,

Ilr,

inn

, 15.

He ^;^.M^.

Kjo omits J.
andar-i.
36, 15.

36,10,13. so in

K.20

but
'M\,

jierhaps an

old misreading for

36,23. or ctsddih-.i

36. 17. lis

JD_^.

18, 21. K-.q

om.

IIAdokht Nask

1.

37.

-II.

1.

279

^-^

^^mo^^

5^))^

tiii

-^^^

-o^n

iT^'J

^i^h^ "

co

)^oo\mo>''

Chapter

11.
1

[Westergaard's Yaslit Fragment XXII.

is.

37 Pasukhidh

??

valnmii

uiift

Auliarmazd

aigli:

Zakich, yashavubu
diisliiiiat

Zarattihasht
liiikht

3i-i

mini Viilmmi

trod

varded bara min

va dushvesh
aigh

va

dusli-huvaishto.

a) lloiiiand

le-denman

vanas

kirfak dushahuik zak Asliom-voliuk-I bara

ycmaMimctf ash vahishtik

bava yelievuned.

Chapter Pavmi
37.1. He adds
to

II.

sJiam-i Yedato.

1.

^.

37,2.

Ho

))A)

37,9.'K2o

t^OOIiti-^'
\.

2- ^^' 2-

P? JWJ^J(j>/>/ft)

38, 8, 10.

K,a om.

38

ff.

9.

Kjo omits

38 a.

U.

II.

0,

13.

tLis invocation is only in Ha.

{vacl,
"to')

Z.

1,311. Ho abbreviates the sentence

words.

by writing i\

in place of these

280

Had6kht Nask

11.

2-5.

-ui*^A*

i^ij^

o\jjP"*iy

Y^^Y^^^^ ->wo^ jj^^h5

^^)t^o

^x)5

-ju^oo>

j-^cv^Hj

-*";;

-^^oo>

4)G-i>Jcj|

sj^-^^

3
mazcl
2

-wojy

^^'f

so))),^

^^^

tin

^^^^

-o-o

^nw^)**

[Pahlavi.]
,

PursUl ZaratuJiasht miu Aiiharmazd

aiglt

AuJiar-

minavad-i afzumky ddddr-i gchdn-i ast-homaiiddn

aigli

yashai'ubo^
Iclyd zak-i

amat yasharubo bara vadired,

?

vahiiaii
?)

pavan

::nl'

nafshni an vuban vajared

;}

(aigliasli

gas aigh

Afash

guft

Aiiharmazd 4 aigh:

Pavan uazdik-i vaghdaii

yeti-

buned, zak jinak aigh, amatash jan bara vazluned, ash roeshman yekavimiiiuid; o

Aushtuvat gas srayad (aigh zand

yeiiialeluned), va naduk-

rubisliiiih bava

II.

1,1. bofli
tion,

tiiUl

-J{j

1.2. K20 omits

;

it.
is

1,511. He ^\

>)

as

an abbreviaI. 1.

l.fi.

Kjo

oni.

but the sentence

K..

corrected according- to
Z. 2, 3.
all

1,7

8.

K,o

y^)i)^.

1,10.

omits
in

J.
llg
;

prefix

jj

Z. 2, 5.

Hb

-A)JJA.
K,.o

Z. 2,10. iilways so

but Koq has

last
ii

j twice for
.
"

Mj

2,89.
bas
j

om.

2,15. Kao om.

Z. 5,11.

Z. 4,2.

Hu omits
c,

Z. 5,1,10. lie

lor

^,

Ho has

for

5,1. 11^

^^M^OO^^

Hadoklit Nask

TI.

G-10.

281
Oil

/\3iy)

^)

->^-5"

,^ ^,

^y,

^,)^ ^,^^^)

^)),^^

^^i3^ ^^

:^5 j(^u -j(^h> :>S ))^

^)

M^>m^

4J'(^

-o-"

-xj^-^^ ^-^

))6

^1
till

tin
-o-xS

'^^ >^
-<5>*

?o

XJ^j^cyj^^

-"'>
->^-^

Oi

?o

^^^e/) )r^y ,^ej)

rontinue as

in

^Q

ftM^-uC

y>ft)0*

yJ-tv G

ja^

61(1

ijcmaleliliiicd,

at

naduhtum

ycheviiiK] aigli
;

'XadAk valman niun,

miii

/ak-i

valman nadiikib, kadarcliai nadukih

afash pavan kaiiiak pdclakh(1

shaluh dad Auharniazd, pavan avayast- nafslmian',

jNladain

valman,

pavan zak lelya, ash zak and asanih, va ruhdno bavihunt-ait, chand
liarvisp
7

zak zyash, pavan zivandakili, yin ahvan khadituncf.

Miin dadigar
?

aigli

valman pavan zak

lelya

ash zak-i

nafshman

lubdno vajared
.^10
[see

(afash gas aigh '0

3 5; vad] 'pavan kamak pdi/dkhshdJuh ddd Auharnafshman".

mazd pavan

avuijasf-\

II.

."),

11. K.JO

C^)>>*V*

^' ^'-

'^"^''

"""'
liere,

^*

'''^^-

^^

'^'"^

"00

'"'

^KX)'
for

5,29.

He

^.

5.32. both omit

Vmt see 10,7.

omits final
*

Z. 6,7. Kjo lias j

M^

Z. G, 11. only in Hf,.

0,11. K.o

).
^'

0,21. H,;
^-

)^5
*'^''

Z. 7,3, Hfi

_u))JiA.

Z. 7,8.

K,o J^K3'"0J'"t?
*

^^

^'^^

1*

10,3. Kio has

for

JI^XK?

^*^' "^-

'"

'^"''''

'^"^

^^^

^'

^^'

^^' "'

^-"

om its

36

282

HiVlokht Nask

II.

11-18.

0%

^^

)*i)V*

(O /\i-^)y-^

\^) continue as in

(i|

^hS

^3

^)^

r^)

J^^rei)

)]^

oo

>o^->-"o5-"^

-"^>

i^o

coutinuo as in

3 5|

q Jama^ojC

y>4)0'

^^^G

y^^

131.')

oo

^))y^ }^)Ky

H3

/X)-^)^'-^

))e)

[^) continue as in G]

J^^j^^iw^

j^jjj^

_o^>^iw;iij>

-u/>

4p-*00""

"^o^"")

^y^

'*

^^^)o

11

[st'c

6; vad] pavan ztvandakih, yin alivan

aigh valman

di(l.
n;it'sli-

12 Miin sadigar
niau rubunC) vajared
13
?
.')

pavan zak lelya ash zak-i

(afash gas aigh ?)

;

15

[see

vadj

'

pddaUhslidhih yehabuned'.
h*lya, 17 [see 6%- vad]

Itl

Madam

valman pavanich zak kohl III

yin ahvan yehabiind.
18

pavan zivandakih,

Pavan

zak-i

II.

11,2.

K,o

liiiB

yi
J

for for

^^.
Uj
.

Z. 12,

.3.

Ho

-UJJa

/. 12, 4. only

in

Hu.

Z. 12,8. K,

liiis

12,9. K,, oni.

12, 11,

K,,,

omits

final

15,

1.

H has

JC(XX)0'
have

""'^

^'^^"*00'
li'^''",

^^'''OOCbut see
III.

'I'st^-l^^ooni-

^.1^,3.
18,5. H,

Hfi,

K,o, O.

-u/p^^Ajj/ci
.

Z.

17, 3.

Z.

J^JU2JJJJiiajiJ.a9

Z.

18,12.

all

omit

lirst

jj

P; has

iJ

for

second J.

Hadoklit

Nask

II.

19

21.
-\^^

283

^-xjy^

Me)

^t^-^

/vyH3^-<5C2

,^^v -^^^

^^'^rei)

.!^iu/?_ '-ue))

%^sx>l?

.JJ^

-I"

JM

0%

,^e))

->))^

^^rf^"^

sa(ji<2,';iv

lelya roesliman

ash

pavan dzdahlshnth medammunecl pavan

aiishbam,

man

gabra-i

yasharubu ruhclno aigh yiu aurvar

tanii-i

madam

va

bod ash bara dasht medammiined

naf'shman.

10

Zak vahnan vad

madam vayed medammim^d min

min rapitvmotarikan nemakan
hu-bodtum min zak ban vadau
vad ash pavan bhuk
hlla
,

I'apUvtntar nemak, min nemak-i Savak,

min iirmak-i Yadadau

zyasli

~^0

hii-bod va

pavan

stih

yatiind,

2L

Vahnan

II.

18,8.

for

yo)
.

Hfi

omits
19, K.

)]
Ilg

see

III.

17, 10.

18, 15. IC,o

omits

final

^.

Z. 19, 4.

K,o -iU^>
.

Z.

has

for (a.

19, 8.

He, K,<o

3p^^^U^3

Z. 21,

1-2. G.
C
.

gja

au

Z. 21, 5.

Hg omits

first

{.
for

Z. 21, 19. Ilg

has j
rf.

for first

Z. 21, 20. so in

He

Westergaard has

the

obsolete JJ

21,5. Koo ^)y).

284

TIAdokht Nask

II.

22

21-!.

e)/oJ5

vakluluiid inedamniiinetl miin gabra-i yasliariibo

i\Vf^h:

rubau ae yeniuleluned

Mill aigh dabishno

?

ana vad vayed

muiiam akaraz vad pavan

fiavat't

bu-bodtar vakbdund
zak-i

22 Yin

zak vad vahnan asb

niedammiined

nafshman dino
avavik

kunisbno-'it

nafshman, 2o pavan kanik kerp nadiik-i

I'osban-i

tanii-i

arus

bazai-

amavand-i

liu-rost-i

labi

astadak

(aigb yudan) va biiland, va stik pestan-i

II.

21, 14. K.,

omits one ).

Z. 22,

1.

K,o has j for J^.

Z. 22,3. so in

He; JUU^
of

being almost illegible in

K-'i,
1*7
<^*.
;

K..,o,

has been mistaken tor

by

the

copyists

C{^J^"^
initial
JJ
.

-2^ 11- lb, omits

J.

Z.

23,1.

He ]^^i\iiA.
Z. 23, 10.

Z. 23.5.

Hfi,

K.o omit

Z. 23, 0. Ho, Kjo omit

only

in

Ilg

tlie

Vishtasp Yasht

(24, jr)

has

m
J

for

j.

Z. 23,11.

G.
for

eredvd-frashnydo.

Z. 23,12. Hf,

adds

A>

to

).

Z. 23,

1(!.

Ho has

o^

J^

Z. 23,19.

Kg
':

and Yt.
for

24, 50

have _M for

G. srira.

23, 4. K.-o oni.

23. 9.

K-.o

has

J.

Haloklit

Xiislv 1!.

21-25.

285

10

nadiik taiiM

va azad (aigh rml), raye-liomand-tokhmak (aigliash

tukli-

mak

mill

Yadadun),

XY

salak

va

hu-rudi'rflino

afasih

keijt

actimo

nadiik chigun
'2-1

damau doshaktar^
ycmahluned
^

iiikiiislin

avayishniktar,

Y;dnuin
aigh:

afash

piiisid
?

raun

gabia-i

yasharubo
aigh zak

rCibdn
inuii

Mun

lak charaitik homanih

ao khaviiunam.

lak iiafshmaii Jiomanih, mrin akavaz mi/i chardittkdfi pavaii kerp

iiaduktiim khadifund, aighain akaraz

kerp-ae avayishniktar khaditiind-i

lak

11.

2:^,21).

Kjo omits
tY<.

4.

23,31. Kjo

ffH^i

23,3b. K.q omits final

^J

both

itild
f

23,42. altered in Hg,

by a later hand, to

3^A.jQ|jp

Z. 24,2.

ih, K,o

CJQy*

24.2. K,o omits onf> ).

24,8. K,o adds final ).

illegible
in

24,15. K,
24,32.
i)

^yo,
Kjo has

24.21. K,
\

^i^y^'
Z.

24,24-25. partly

K,o.

for

_U).

25,12. H. )/im.

Z. 25,15.

Hr omits

first

2B6

Hatlokht Xask

IT.

2fi-2T.

^^Y^

tin

)^ 1^^' ro\^
-nyf')*'

^))t,^

)*^e)

T^)

0*0

\\^^

)K>Y'

j>ot^^^

'^r^fr'

-'ror'

-fi^^

,^a)

tin -^i^^^

[continue as in 20] o ''-u^jj)aj.Wjj

,^^jj)^^jd/?

_u^Ai|Ai3iG

-*^

25 Yalinan
Jl^nianani

pasuklio

ijemalduncd

iniinasli

uafshinaii

dinu

aigh
hii-

lak

hornanam (aigh lak nafsliman huiiianam), yudan-i

minislin-i hii-gubishn-i hu-kunislin-i hu-dino, miinat nafsliman dino-i niin

zak-i

nafsliman

tanu

actund nadnk

ijchevuncl

yekavimnnad.
sJtaptf

2(j

Ana

miin

kamak

kaito-i mini rai lak actunv

mas va
li

va naduk va
27

hii-bod

va piruzkar va avibosli chigvin

yudan-i

niedanimuned.

]Min ana-i

lak

kamak

Tf.

25,

:5.

K.,0

omits one ^.
fur

25,27.
2(3,15.

K,.o

omits
I>as

final

).

25,20.
26,8.

lig

^)l

Z. 26, 11.

He
2li,

lias
I

M*.
K.o
uiii.

7..

Kjo

u^

for J.
(i.

K...o

omits final ^.
-^' ^-

10-12,
JJ
;

14.

26, IS. both oni.

Z, 27,4.

4>*(5
K->o

'^'-

^^

'""'^^

first

K:o has

*'"'"

'^""'

-"

'''

-^'

^f* ''2.

<^ -U^UAJJiJOJig
'to'.

is

a sign of abbreviation, standing for Hiiz. jA ghaJ.,

HmU'.klit .Xiisk II. 28

29.
->n5)f'^

287

j^a-x^

-0^

)))^^

^r*

^n3r

->)*oM5^

->)*oKr

liu-minishn-i hii-gubishii-i hu-kiuiishn-i hti-dino

sliapir va iiaduk

homau

aetuno mas va

va hu-bod va piruzkar va avibesli cliiguu lak niedanilak zak-i zah ana khadituufl liomand amatshan
afsusi

mimcd.

2b

Amal

kard va Ijundak (aighshan sliedayazakili) karcl^ af'sban pavan kamak-i

ntif'shman Icdinah bamkbakaii
hunast, ashan ht yebabuiid),
iiiakbitund

(aigb

mini

mandavam

bavi-

afsbau

aiirvar

bal)aibich

kard (aigbshau

baba bara asrunast);

27, 10. so in both, the personal suffix

being omitted.
Z. 28,4.

27, 25.

K20 has

for

^o^

Z. 28.3. all but

Hg have ^iQ^Ji

He, K,o have J^^ for

4)

being illegible in K^o, have been altered into

^U^
^ .

in

H7.
28,

Z. 28,8. G. omits

J)

28, 4. only in Ho.

28, 15.

K-o adds

final

1920. only

in H^.

Z. 29,1. all but Hf, Z. 29,7.

for
it.

and G. add
for

^Jt^ by

mistake.
first

Z. 29,5. 0. srdvaydish

Ho has

^.

Z. 29, 14.
.

H^ omits
]

|, and G. substitutes 3a

Z. 29, 15.

He -MMii(ail
all,

.Mi\SiiU

in rlie others

-M^jdiJ

-Mi^Hiu

Z. 29,16-17. omitted in

))ut

added from Vishtasp Yasht

(24,^9)

in ac-

cordance with the Pahlavi,

OC;g

HAflokht N'ask

TT.

30-81.

^),^)-

-^i^y^

^oo-o d^

t;!i

-fi^^

^))>*o

^oPe)

iT^

ro^

'-"J

iuliu

lak yetibiinast homanih, afat gasaii

si'ud,

afat mayaich-/ sliapir

kainl,

yezbekhaiidy va atashicli-i

Auharmazd

azat

palirej

va

gabiaich-i

yasliarubo at shinayinkl, nuui min nazdik mad, va

munich

miii rakhik.

)0

Adin

li

mini fravaft yeheviiiid homanani (aigh khup dasbt

bomanam
khuptar

yekavimunad homanam)^ at fravdfttar hard homanam

ddsld

(ai<jluif

homanam): va naduk yehevund homanam,

va

afat naduktar dasht

aijaniktar
daslit

bomanam;

avjanik
;

yebeviind

homanam,

afat

ho-

manam

avayishniktar
afat

oi ])avan zak-i fraztar gas yotibunast liumanam-i

chashmak,

ir.

'29,;).

H omits J.

21),

11. K\.

C^){^^.

21),

2s.

K,o adds

J.

2<t,

30. so in

both, and moi-e correct llian ar'ik. Ard. Vir. JV. 27, as has betm pointed out,
in the notes
.50,

on

^Midi. glo-i.

p.

00,

(IC.

Z.

:5().

4,(.;,T. S, 10.

Ho

lias

for .^

11,

has

P^
K,,u

for

^^
to

30, 12 -

l!i.

K, om.
for

30,20-

21

illegible in

K,o.

30,25,33.
Z. 31,6.

adds ).
jj

Z. 31,3. K,,o has

M.

Z. 31,5. Koq omits

J.

Ho adds

31,7.

11^

adds j.

Iiridokht

Nask

II.

32-33.

289

)^ ^)y^^

o)a

^m^

^o

)^ei^A

'>^->^e)

>ow^^^o

pavan

zak-i fraztAintav gas yetibAiiast

?>'2

liumanam

{atfjh gas
liuklit,

mas baia kard

va pavan ana

humanani).

Pavan ana

hilmat,
li

va pavan ana

hiivarsht-i lak varzii], adin

gal)ra

akharich yezbekliund, pavan zak-i

Auharniazd der-yazislinih va ham-pursakih, der zamdno aniatshan Auliarmazd rut yazislnio va liam-pnisakih-i frdrimd kard.

33 Fratiim

gam

fraz

yedrand miin gabra-z yasharnbu

(/.ak

i-ubano pa-

van Ilumat bara yehabunad

jinak aigh

humnt

IF.

31, 15.

K,o adds K.o omits

^^.
final

32, 4, 8.

K.q

oni.

32, 27.

K,o
).

y^lAJ

32, 30.

Koo -3

32,3-1.

).

32,35. K.o adds

>

final

Z. 33,1,11,21.

He has
for

lor

^.
omits

Z. 33, 18. H,i has

for

33, 4. botli

have

^.

33, 6.

K.20

37

290

]Iii(iuklif

.\i.sk

11.

34 -."^o.

jp-^c ':^

)i^

^v^^
0*0

o)e)

-frO^

c%

^-^^Jf^^l
->^-^

-"ey

vo^n:

-jMj

'^)*oP

J^^

)Y^y

luahmanih); diuligar
jiavaii

gam

fraz

ijcdrund

luiui

galna-/ ya:>liarCihu
fraz

y\\hl\nC)

Huklit bara vGliabuniul; sadigar

gam

iicclrund

man

gabra-/

yasliaiub)")
t'raz

rubdno pavan Huvarslit bara yeliabimad;

gabra,-/ yasliarubo

^U

tasum

gam

ycdrund mun

rubauA ])nvau zak-i asar rushcoult

bara ijeliahiindd.
of)

Yalman yemaldu'iid^
aigh
:

afasli

purisr'iul

zalc-/

/tv///

baia

vadavd

yasharubu

Ohigun

yasliarubi"*

bara

II.

33,21. K,o
33,33. K.o
33,
;;!).

lias

J^
J.
(;,

for

^.

,".3,

1^3.

K,,,

omits j.

33,24. K,o luMs

<-'"its

j.

liHs

pi^ for

^.

33,3-3,

K;,,

omits J.
J for

33,37. K.-u
:;4,

(in:il

y
lias

I\,|,

!id(l>

/. 34,1.

II,

lins

^.

4.

Ho,

^U

K,

P^
hri.s

for

^.
for

34.

K,,||

omits

J.
lias

34,12. K, adds
JsiJ

to

\t{^.

3.4,14.

^.
j.

Z. 35,

.J.

11,;

for

i
ill

/.

35,11-14.

lis,

(i.

om.
.

Z. 35, 12. K.Q

4J">0{V

^'-

'''

'^----

""1,V

H,;.

35,2. K,o omits one

35,5. K,o

omits

35,(1.

K.o adds

linal

^.

HA.Iokht Xnsk

IT.

86.

291

!..

>*00^^

>*00till

V)*0^^^

Vr

^^e^J)*

->V^

>H5^

va(]ai(l

homanih

chigun yiishaviibu banx

mad homanih

val

denman

jinak, mill zak-/ manislm-liomand-i

gospcnd-liumaud khvaliisbiunand (atgh7??a?/<li;fd-lu)mand (aigliasli

;

shdn kliadihan yin ghal khvdiicnd)

dashtdn

mdijd yhi vajdrcnd dakhshak-i gchan ycmakldncd)

hoinand
alivaii

30 min zak-i astmiii zak-^ sej-

madam

val demiiaii-i

minavadau ahvan, va

homand

alivaii-i

patiyarak-horaaud

madam

val deiiman-ii

asc'j-humand

d])i\tiyara.k-Jwina7id ?

va aotim lak der naduk yeheviined, min zak chigun

]iat
dc-r

bara latamman yatund homanih,

%umdn naduk yehevuncd

IT.

85,20. K,>o
prefixes

y,^^.

35. 25.

K,o omits J.

35. 31.

K.o

^^.5

^.
Z.

35, 35.

K20

)'\.

35,36. Koq omits final j.

.35,3942. Hg has the Persian gloss:

Iv.o

cU<" ^xAss.A! ^\
K,o

L ^*J.
,

35,45.

^)hV
Z. 36,4. lor
>

36,1. Hg, G.

^JJ^

^JJiJfQ)ii
^

but see ITT. Z. 36,

1.

He. G.

J^4>|i>

Kio J^^iijiig

but see

III.

Z.36,

4.

Z. 36,6.

Us has
>

>.

Z. 3G, 10. Hg.

K.o omit 0,
36,10.

Ho omits |.

Z. 36, 12.

He has

for

36,12. both omit J.

Ho

omits

J.

36,22.

Hs cm.

36,23. illegible in Iv,o.

36,36. K-.o adds

^t

36. 38. K.o

yt^

292

Hadokht Nask

II.

37-38.

18

o7 Afasli yeiualeimicd Aiihciimaxd at fjh: Al niin le-deiiman pursed

munash pursed
gun-e tarik-i

(aighasli

minash
reshkiin

al

pursed)
ras

uiamau pavan zak-i

sdtuncd,
tanu
amatasli

bini-

sahmkim-i

madam

min
nsh

tanu bod

6ar - vardishnih

(aigh

amat min

bara yatund)

dush-khvar yehc viiud

II.

Z. 37,(5.

Kio

C{A.
i

Z. '^7,0. Koq lias

for

j.

Z. 37,11. llg has

J
K.-o lias

for

Mt

K.JO

adds

to

Z. 37, 12.

Hg has

JJ

for both
for

JJ

for

last

but see

III. Z. 37, 11.

Z. 37, 20.

He has j
fo)'

.jJ .

37, 2.

K^o omits one

^ .

37, 4.

K.o om.
for

37, 18.

Hg has

.i

*,

Kao omits

it.

37. 20.

Hg omits

J) K.o has u

)a

37,24.

He

C^^^

37,29.

Hg om.
')

37,33. Kao
torn
off.

)^'

Z. 38,3, so in Vishhisp

Yasht 24,^4; He, 0. GJt^{^-"l

.

^'^-'o

Z. 38,4,

He, K20 have gjj for JJg{

P7 blank space.

Z.

38,67.
K...,
;

K..,o

torn

oil';

K^i prefixes _u^^.MJLUJ

Z. 38, 14. K-jo adds

Z. 38, 13. so in

Ilg,

K20 fiJ/JJU).

-u^.>.

Z. 38,16. Hr,

has J

for ,^.

Hadokht Nask

II.

39.

-III.

1.

293

lo^ )>^V n3^

-')^t)^r

-^r^fy^

-^n^y^r*

-^r^^y

^^

-^^-^

Chapter

III.

[Westergaard's Yasht Fragment XXII. 19

36.]
H-^^t^td)
^

^h^d)*

irOfi

continue as in

II.

1.]

V^O0>0-*J^^

19

38 Khurishno val

valman yedrunyen zak-i zaremayo-i mishgdih

yiulaii-i

mamanash
hii-dino

zHk-^

ait

hu-minishn-i hii-gubishn-\
;

hu-kunishn-i
fra-

khurishno^ akhar min baia-vadirishnih

39 actmio nairik-i

humat-i fra-hukht-i fra-huvarsht-i kliup-amukht-i

rad-khudai (aigh shut

pavan sardar yakhsenuned)-i yashariibo khurishno^

vadiiishmh.

akhar min

bara-

Chapter
[Pahlavi.J
1

III.

[Chigun

fjufto; see 11. 1.]

II.

38,7. K,o

a(^^.^.

38,8. K,o -i{^)^'

38,9.

K,.o

omits J.
>

38, 18.

Kjo

adds
15.

to

^.

38, 16. K,o

final

omits

final

).

Z. 39,6.

Hg has

for

39, 1.

K.20

omits

III.

Z.

1,2. the

remaining text of
II.
1.

this

sentence

is

omitted in the MSS.. being the

.

same as that of

1,2. Kjo

omits

final

294

HAdokht Nask

III.

2-5.

^ -0-0

-oiiii

^^^J) u^v ,^a)

->^-^

-\)^^

-^-^

)ie)

T^) tit

Wv

->-o-*'^-^)

Me)

w^^i^-^jjy-^c

-^

)M^^

till

-"^>^)*'

r^')y\

-f^V-^l

5^K^

tiil

-^^

till

-^D^^

iro^-HT)

He)

)t^

2 aigh
zak-i

Jiuui

darvand bara yemttuncd^

?

aigli

valmaii
aigli ?)

pnvaii

zak lelya

nafshman ruhdno vajared

3 Afasli
giift

(aighash gas
:

AiMiarmazd aigh

Aehuio baia, yasharubo Zaratu-

liaaht

pavan nazdikih-i kamav val

srayad aigb
:

ham

diibaicd,

4 zak-i gasaiiik

(jCi-

hisJino

'Yal kadar lUtimk cmaumcd,

'val ahjh

Auharmazd^ mini
vazb*inani ?

pavan ntydyislmd sdtunam?'' {aigh

nadukih min mun bavihunam
?
')

jinak

va

II

[.

Z.

2,4.

Jlfi,

K,u

)0^>C'*'"*6*
3, 8.

^-

'^''^-

""

-""*3'^^

2^^-

'^'-'0

adds ).

2,13. K-o omits final ^.

K,,o

)^O0)^-^*

121:5.

in

K,o, the text

from 3,4

to 17, 18

is

not only hero,

but has also been inserted,

in the
4,

and struck

out, after II. 37,3;

4, 3.

and these two words are omitted

^
,

second insertion.
8

He adds J

Kjo has J# for

in

second insertion.
tir.st

17. K.-o omits.

in

second insertion; and Hi

17

are torn off in

insertion.

ITiiduklit iNask III.

<;

17.

295
6%

_iiyo

5^ iS

^^ ^h)

iS

))^

^)

"o>^j^

4j-tk

[Loiiriiiiu' iis in

J-J. compiuing-

II.

T-ilJ

fi^-*-*^

G^^J
G^)*0
li^
)
I

''I"

2122

[continue ms in

J-'.,

compiuing

II.

12-i:] o'^C^jj^j/ci

J J"
^^^^ )^

2324

[see 2-:.

^ei^*

)rt)C2

^^*5rQ)

-^
(j5

m
])^y

-^^
^ip^

^Oi^^^m -^ ^i^y-Hy

,-^-^r
ne)

~o^^ ^hro)
^i;<^-^

^^-^

-^-^ )^

0-^)^
,

'ij;*o^-0(^

Madam valmau, pavau

urn-cut
cliand

zak lelya

ash

zak

and anasanih rflbano

nazdikiU
yiii

hit v'di

hiivvisii

zak zyasli pavan

alivdno

khaditund.
fi

Hi

Mun

dadigai'
11.

*
17].

id

niiiu

sadiu'ar

|(dugun gQft;

see

5,
IT

compnriiu)

Zak-/ sadigar

lelya

luesbmau,

yasharubo Zaratuhusht.i

ash

pjivan

hard- indalitslunh

mednniniuned,

pavan aushbam, mun gabra-i

darvaud iiibano via

in.

5,11. K.o omits

j^.

:>.

I'j.

K,u omits final

is

|.

Z.

6,2;

11,2.

the remain-

ing text of
2.

010 and U 16
w-i
li

omitted

in

the

MSS.,

being the same as Z.

omits
but see
j. Z.

5. 5.

13.

its

corresponding Pahl.

16,3.

K-jo

17,3.

<i.

thraosldo.

Z.

17,6.

H CJ^^^i?
in

^n ^M^^i^\
17,1.

11.

Z. 18,4.

Z.

17,1314. Kjo omits,

JJ.

second insertion.
II.

omits J.

17,6. Kjo

omits

17,10.

botii

omit i, but aee

18,8.

17,17. K_.o omits, in se-

cond insertion.

296

Hadokht Nask

III.

18

20.

26

sneshar va gand bara dasht

medammuned

chigim tanu-i nafshman.

18

Zak-i valman vad madam vayed, va medammftned miu apakhtar nemak,

min nemak-i

jiiiakan,

va min apakhtaran nemak, min nemak-2 shedaan;

19 diish-gand va dush-gandtum min zak- vadan zyash pavan stih yatund.

20 Valman vad pavan vinik lala vakhdiind medammiined

mun

gabra-/

darvand ruhdno ana

yemaklmcd: Aigh min dahishn

ae

vad vayed,

miinam akaraz

III.

Z. 18,5.

K.o has
Z.

for

18,1. K,o omits

J.

1S,12.

He omits J.
Z.

18,19.

both omit J.

19,1. K,,o

omits
Al to

(g^.

19,5. K,o

omits J.

20,5.

He,

K,o omit

first

^;

K.,o

adds

j.

Z. 20,19. He, K^o, O, omit final

Cj.
)
.

20,9. both omit

20, 16.

j.

20,11. K^o omits

final

).

20.13. K,,o omits one

K,o )H5^-^3

Hftdfikht

Nask

IJl

21-35.

297

[Oniirted in

tlu'

MSS.,

l)pino'

tlio

converse

ol

II.

2'.'

-83|

'Jl

cJJ

2733

^f -^

)H^&

-^^r ^M^^

^ve)

^)P^

)J0(^

Vit

^<^^

Vr
tasiini

^))0"^

-^T^^

)Hii>^)*>

jV>*'

^)^? -*Vr'

)H3>*>f

vad pavan gandak va dushgandtar [vad ghal; the converse of

33] 33

II,

22-

gam

fraz

yedrund nmn

galira-i

darvand rubauo-? zak-i

asar tarikih bara yehabunad.

34

Valman yemalelund.

afasb puvsend zak-i levino darvand-i trod

?

yemitund, aigh:

Chigun darvand trod yeni'ttimd homanih

35
niin

cliigiin

bara

wad humanth

zak-i

manishn- homatid-i

gospend

-/ioma/if/-?

khvahishn - homand-i mayuvad - homfnid ae

III.

20,

2>'.

He at

^^'^'^

regard

to the

contents o" the missing passage,

If;'

compare
for

Ard. Yir. XVII. 11-27 and Mkh.

33,4.
K.20

II.

182.
omits J.

Z. 33,

1.

He has j

has

P^

for

^.

33,8.

K'.,

Z.

34,11 14.
34,14.

Hg, O. om.
has

34,2. K.,0 omits one

t.

34,6. K,,o omits final

Ji

t.

K
*

(,

for

^.

Z,,35,

3.

Koo ha?

for

Jj

35,6,10. K^o omits

^^yo

298

Had6khf Xask

m.

3637.

35

dakhshak-i
val

stih

yemaleluned:

ofi

min

zak-/

ast-homand ahvSn

madam madam

denman-i minnvadan ahvSn, va min zak-i sej-homand ahvSn

sej-homandtar, patiyarak-homandtar

val denman-'<

ahvan

netmio lak

der anfikih yehevAned.

37 Diiijcd-ash Ganrak-minavad
aigli
:

Al min val pdrs^d

maman

III,

35, 14.

K,o
J

^)}^ft'
fur

'/'

30.

1-

K,

ujJ^
.

PiiJt2)^7
Z, 36, 10.

^^- '^/'''^^-

Z. 36,4.

He has
Z.

^'
>

K,n
for

CJOi^ij|i)G
Z. ac, 14.

Hg

K,o omit

first

JJ

36, 12.

Hg has

U,

oni.

Z.

36, 16. 0,

rtiww?.

36,2.

both omit
final

J.
Z.

36,7. K.,o omits

37..-..

J.

36,17. He omits

J.

30,22. Koo omits

for

).

K,o
/;

g{J
llf,

Z. .37,8. H^, K.,o for

have

J.

Z. 37, 10.

Hs, K,o add

jJ

io

lias

J^

Z. 37,11.

Koo omits |.
it

Z. 37,19,

He has
it

Jijj

lor

Q^

37,

1.

so in both,

but Hs

marks

like

<J(^^^V)

may

be dvdd-ash, an imitation of the Zand.

37,7. for

5^)

Hld6kht Nask

III.

38-

39.

299
ne)

^MSO*^

-0^^

))^-K}^^ '^i^-*^

-^w^y ^^^

i^

^^

na

X))' -'))^>oo>'' >)n5>'^>'

-')^>>

so^ )M^^ /vrff

V-^^i*

-^\

pavan sakht mun pavan zak-i yavdrtmd-i sahmkun-l

reshkiin las ma-

dam

satuneil

amatash min

taiiu

bod baia - vardishnih

yehevund ash
'

dfish-khvar yehevraul.

o8 Khuvishii val valuian yedru/itjm vish, zakich-i min vish gandakfar

;

mamanash

aettlno

ait

yudan-i
,

diish

mmishno-i

dush - gubishno-i

diish-kfinishn-i dush-dino khiirishii

akhav min valman frod-mtrishnih

III.

37, 15. 80 in

Hg: K., )|yAlU.

37, 16.

K,o

lias

for

)A
.JU

Z. 38,3.

Hg, K,o

omit

)jt'^

G. frabaretam.
Z. 38, 17.

Z, 38,5.

Westergaard adds
.

Z.
^oi*

3fs.

14.

Qf/My^
^^^
^^

in all.

He has J

for

38, 4.

Hg has

C^

K)

II.

38. 4.

38, 9, K20

3^^U.

38, 11.

K,o omits
39, 6.

final

).
for

38, 14, 15.

Ko

omits
)

Z. 39, 5, 7. only in Hg.

Z.

Hg haa

>

>

Z.

39, 17.

Hs hag J

for

300

H&dokht Nask PS.

^
0%

/v)^^-f ^y^
)>H3^^
1

^-^
1

)^V
Mej

^)v^

J-^^^^^
P^-

/\;^ooo

-fro

^d^a

39 net una jch-i frd - dushmat-i frd-dush-hukfd-i frd-dmh-huvarsht-i

dush-anuikht-i
mivishnih.

aiad-khudai-i

darvand

khurisfm,

akhar

iiiin

frod-

PS. Frajaft pavan shlam va shadih va rdmishm.

m.

39,1. K,o omits

fliial

^.

39,2. Kjo

J^-^i
adds

39,3,1,5. K20 has

final
) .

WJ, and
PS.
4.

so has

Hg
PS.

in 39. 4.
7.

39, 9. K,.o

PS.

3.

Hg

Mii for VA

^pi

K-o om.
is

Hg

lias

for

This postscript indicates the end

.

of (what

traditionally called)
in

the third fargard of

.

tlie

Hadokht Nask.

The

sentences which follow

the

MSS.

and contain sections 37

the

38

of Westeras

gaard's Yasht Fragment

those preceding ch.
I.

XXII, begin with

same words of invocation

II.

These sentences are a portion of the Urmazd Yasht

31, preceded by the additional passage:

ahe narsh,

etc.

given in Wester-

gaard's note.

The remainder of Yasht Fragment XXII,

is

sect. 39

42,

does

not occur in He, and

taken from another part of Kjo,

separated from the

texts.

Hftdokht Nask by about a hundred folios of nther Pahlavi

The three Fargards

f the

Haddkht ask
translated
by

M.

Hang,

Ph.

D.

v^

,.

t<

Chapter
On
1

L
Ashem-vohu prayer.
Ahura-niazda, most munifi-

the value of the recital of the

Znrathus'tra asked

Ahura-mazda

cent spirit, creator of the settlements supplied with creatures, holy one

2
is

in

whom
3

alone

is

thy word, the enunciation of

'
':'

all

good,

of all that

of rightful appearance

Ahura-mazda answered him In the Ashem-reciter 2,

:

Zarathus'tra.

'

The Huzvaresh
is
it,

translation renders this passage thus

all

'which of those prayers

of thine

in

whose words are

prosperity,
of which

and
is

all

manifestation of right'It ia

eousness, the whole foundation and

excellence of which
I

ett'ect

declared thus:
is

created

said

it

is

my own?'"

This rendering
is

no

strict translation,

but rather a paraphrase.

on the
text),
is

Kahtnya, which alone

the correct reading (see the note

;

erroneously rendered as a nominative

'one', is translated

acvahtni, which

is

clearly the

locative of
to

acva

by min valmanshdn gnbisM/nno.

;

It is difficult

understand how the translators arrived at such a meaning

with arsha 'this',
is

they

soem

to

have

dentified ac in aevahnii
prayer',

and taken vahmi as

vacho 'saying,
'it is

which proceeding

grammatically inadmissible.
the translation of

The words:

created

excellence', etc. are evidently

is

some other Avesta passage which

no longer known.
*

have taken asheni-afnfo

in

the sense of a locative, since the

as
it

answer must
being a
lo-

tally

with the question.

Kafinv/a (or kaftnii,

the other reading

is)

cative case, the substantive corresponding to

tive also.

in the

answer, must be
but as to

in the locaits

Now mhem-sttUo

does not look like a locative,

sti'tta
,

form

it.

seems

to

be eirher a nominative of the part. pass,

or a genitive of the part,

pres. stnt

stacat
.

but

hv

no

means a nominative of an abstract noun with th&

taken
it,

meaning of
stiUi'ishtuh.

sfi'iiti

as

the lluzv&rosh translation has

which renders

it

by
:

The

genitive

appears
etc.

to

stand for the locative.

The following words

'who

recites

the Ashem'.

indicate that ntCito cannot be taken as 'praise',

but

must muiiu 'one who praises'.

304
4

Had6kM Nask

I..

4-5.
(remembrance)
in his

Who

recites the Asheni, with believing inquiry

mind

for the continuance of life

\ 5 he pvaisea

me who am Ahura-mazda,

The HuzvAresh

translation renders this passage thus

'Whoever praises piety

and practises
life'.
tliie

(recites the

Ashem)
is in

witli

mucli invocation, that

is,

many

times,

work Avhich

the thinking of the

mind

that

there is continuation of
several times in the

The
texts

words fraore'l-frahhshni
(Vspi 14,2.

nnhuyad hacha occur

IB, 92.),

Zand

W.

Y^t.

10,9,51.

and appear
in

to
is

be

quotation of a well-known
the Visparad is the

sacred passage.

As

of all the texts,

which

it

now found,

most sacred,
1

the passage
first

there (14.2. VY. 16,13. Sp.) is probably the original one,

whicli

translate the

part of the chapter (Visp. 14)

is

forma one long sentence,

the verse)

at the

end of which the passage

the stanzas,

found,

thus:

'(We praise
with

with the

metrical lines,

with the exphmation,

ishich has been well

the questions

and answers,
re-

with the words and syllables,

remembered by those who

praise

member

(learn by heart), the

and well praised by those who

(which

is)

in the

own making,
the

own

manifestation, the

own

will,

the

own

rule, the

own

mastership,
for the

own

possession of Ahura-mazda, through believing inquiry in (his)

life'.

mind

continuance of
the Avesta,
57, 8).

This refers

to the so-called
this ancient

Gathas,

the most holy portion of

each metrical line of

part being called a

gdtha

(see Yas,

They are represented,

as having been
ke])t

made by Ahura-mazda,

as existing in

his mind,

and being constantly

up by him, by inquiring into his own mind for

life.

the benefit of the

good creation,

and the continuance of

In

the

snrae way,

the priest

who has

learnt them, keeps

them

in his

memory and reproduces them by

questioning himself each time he repeats them.

The words fraoreil-frahhshni avi

repeater

mano

clearly

indicate

the

mental

labour

it

costs the

when

reciting

the
is

prayers.

Frnnred

'believing", liter, 'professing', signifies that this mental

labour

devoted to the furtherance

praying.
1

of

the
to

good creation, which can only be kept up by

FraTchshui api)ears
to

be a locative of a form frakhshan 'inquiry' which

7.

can only trace

peres

to

ask, coinp. Yas. 44,

fralchshni'

avdmi

'1

go to ask'

Yt. 10,24, 46.:

in his

yahmdi frakhshiii avi mano mithro

The Huzv&resh

jasaiti

'to

whom, on asking
it

mind, Mithra comes'.

translation renders

by

kabed 'many,
its

much', which interpretation seems to rest on some misconception, since by

plication

aj-

we never

obtain a good

sense,

nor can

it

be

explained by etymology.

The meaning

of zaragdditi appears to be rendered

correctly

by the
all

Huz. rubdk-

dahishnih 'continuation'.
the

This meaning can be proved from

is

passages in which
'moi sas niashdifficulty,

word occurs.

The most ancient

,

that in Yas. 43, 11

sddrd

yaeshti zara^tdditis'

tad verezidydi hyad mOi mraotd vahis'tem 'with

Had6kht Nask

I.

G-9.

305
cattle,
is

he praises the water, he praises the earth, he praises the

praises

he
of

the

trees,

lie

praises

all

good, created by Mazda, that

rightful appearance.

For

this

saying,

Zaraithus'tra,
if

being recited
8
is

correctly,
to

in

addition to the saying Ahuna-vairya

out-spoken,

obtain strength and victory for the soul, and the religion that they
furthered
'.

are

For one

recital

of the

Aahem-vohu prayer,

or one

thou toldst
is

me

is

the continuation

(of the religion connected)

tell

me

that which

the best to be done'.

Thus
Sir.

the passage is, I think correctly,

interpreted by the

Huzv&resh version.

In

1,29. 2,29. Ys. 22,29. 25,18. Sp. the

it

word

is

connected

with mathra spenta in which context cred word; in Visp. 18,7. Sp.
it

can only mean the continuance of the sathe

refers in

same sense

to

the

so-called

Yasna

kaptanhditi.
or

The words zarasddo mazdui Yas. 31,1. mean 'making continuance,

is,

giving furtherance for Mazda'; that

to his religion.

The words Hutaosa -

yd me dahiam mdzdayasmm zaras'cha dud

to

Yt.

9,

26. 17, 46.

mean 'Hutaosa

(said
i.

be the wife of Vishtaspa) who made

it

mo

current the Mazdayasnian-religion',

'and',

e.

made

continue.

The cha

in

zaras'cha has not the meaning

to
tlie

but

is

rather

an expletive, or gives only some emphasis

'

word.

This passage offers

several
,

difficulties.

The Huz.

translation

renders

it

thus: 'For that saying, Zarathus'tra

which

is

rightly spoken,

spoken forth, and

it

is

spoken forth as true and proper, when with

by a destur
;

tlie

words of the Ahunver

is

spoken
'.

it

will increase strength

and victory and the soul and religion

'in

The
the

words a vacho almnO vairyo can only mean

addition to',

or 'including

Ahuna

vairj-a';

a means *up

to'.

Instead of the nominative

ahuno vairyo we ought

to expect the genitive to

ahunehc oairyehe.

Fraokhto

(instead of fraokJitahe) belongs

in

ahuno

vairyo.

The genitives amahecha verethraghnahecha must be taken

as
is

the sense

of datives,

often the case in the Avesta languages,

the genitives after

as for instance

in the first chapters of

Tasna and Visparad where

nivaedhayewi
This tendency

often take the place of the dative whicii would be the

to to

proper case.

put the genitive instead of the dative, has in

tlie

old Persian, which stands nearest

Zand, led

to

the complete suppression of all dative forms.

;

Urunacha daenacha

ure clearly instrumental cases

Literally, the
i.

but the sense seems to want a dative, or a genitive.

words mean:

'for strengtli

and victory through the soul and

strengtli

religion',
is

e.

that the soul

and religion may obtain

and victory.
is

Spanvanti

taken

by the Huz. as a verbal form

is

in the plural;
;

but this

hardly admissible, as there

is

no subject on which

it

can depend

besides,

there

no root spenv known,

306
eulogy of a pious man,
is

Haddkht Nask
worth,

I.

10.

Spitama Zarathus'tra, 10 a hundred

sleep-pra?/ers, a thousand prayers

ers recited
for

when

eating meat, ten thousand pray-

the

conception

of

the bodies which occurs in the pri'.

mary existence

{of the

good creation)

either in
ing'
;

Zand
case
it

oi-

Sanskrit.

It

can be only an adjectival form

'in

spenvat 'increasincrease'.
I

the

is

the locative:

the increasing,
religion)

i.

e.

in the

have
is

rendered
to

'that they (the soul

and

are furthered'.

The

auxiliary verb

be understood.
'

This passage offers several

difficulties,
is

which are

not

sufficiently

cleared

away by

the Huzv4resh translation which

as follows:

'one praise of the Asheui,

is

Zaratusht, descendant of Spitama, one Ashera-vohu, or one eulogy of the pious,

worth a hundred sleeps (sleeping prayers) and a

thousand flesh meals,

and ten

thousand coitions (of animals), as

reciting a prayer),

if

one should sleep a hundred sleeps (each time

a thousand times, and ten thousand times per,

and should eat

;

tiesh

mit the coition (of animals)

the
life
is

of any of the bodies

life

when without
before
;

the body's arrival,

comes

(i.

e.

when

the

enters

the

womb

the

body of the new

it

animal

formed, which happens at the time of coition)

so

much

is

worth'.

The

general meaning of the passage

can be gathered from the following

expositions

which are given

in the context itself.

The unequal value of

is

the

repetitious of the

Ashem-vohu prayer, on
on a certain occasion,

different occasions,
is

here spoken of; which single repetition,

or a thousand, or ten thousand

worth

ten, or

a hundred,

other repetitions of the same prayer without the occasion stated.

The words qaftta

but prayers rerecited,

and geus qareiti do not mean simply

peated on those occasions.

'sleep',

and 'eating of
short

flesh',

On

such occasions,

prayers
part.

must be

of

which the several repetitions of the Ashem form only

ing a meal i(geus qareiti) the prayer

For instance, when takin

which

is

contained

Yasna

37.

itfid

tlie

vispdchd,

is to

be repeated,

to

which three Ashem-vohus are then added. After

meal

is

finished, in the first place, four

Ashem-vohus must be

recited,

which are

fol-

lowed by two Yathd-ahu-vairyd, then by another Ashem-vohu and some other

mulas, and
lastly

for-

by an Ashem.

words

aniimayanam

The most jasoithydo. Anumaya,

the

difficult

part of the
is

sentence

is

thu

which

generally

traaislated

by

'small cattle', has

7, 43. if

not in all passages the same

meaning.

In some, such as Vend.

;

14, 10.

it

means undoubtedly

young ones
it

of cattle, calves and lambs

for,

several gnides of cattle

are distinguished,
it

means

the smallest and younge.>*c

(Vend. 7,43); the same meaning

mentioned, a
in

must have,
5,

if

a certain large
least

number of them

is

Vend. 18,70. 22,4. Yt.

21.;

but in at

two passages (Vend.

Hadokht Na8k

I.

11-13.

307
is

H What
12

is

the one recital of the

Ashem which

worth ten of the

?

other recitals of the

Ashem

in greatness

and goodness and excellence

Ahura-mazda answered him: That indeed,

a

pious Zarathus'tra, wlien

eating,

13 which

man

recites

for

Ilaurvatad

and

Amoretad

2,24 and 9,38)

i/ehe

this

meaniug

is

doubUuI.
:

J'lie

loinier:
lie

yad idha pasetish anuniaa place

(fit)

paclhem vacndite, can be translated

;

'that

may espy

for the
'the

calving- of cattle'
fruit of the

the

second

paseush garebush anumayehe, can only mean

copulation of
best,

cattle'.
is

Xow

in

our passage, the meaning of coition apout by the Huzvaresh translation which
to

pears to suit

and

actually borne

has 'ten thousand coitions'.

This may look rather strange, but one has

bear

in to

mind, that

it

is

regarded in the Zoroastrian religion as a very meritorious work

])lace.

procure the coition of cattle at the proper time, and in the proper

That
s.

maya
maydo

bears such a meaning,

;

see

the

Zand-Pahlavi Ulossary
'origin'.

25, 3.

and 100

v,

compare the modern Persian mdyah

to

The number

'ten thousand',
cattle,

here refers to the prayers

be recited at the time of the copulation of

when

one wishes
even to the

ro

make

it

successful.

Paro-asti

is

the

same as paro-asna meaning,

is

letter, 'pre-existence'.

The pre-existence

of souls

one of the doctrines

is,

of Zoroastrianism

which

is

well

known

to all Parsi

priests, but
in

as yet, not
:

pro-

perly

comprehended by European Zandists. This word occurs

is

the phrase

paro-

asndi amihe (Ys. 55,2. Vend. 9,44. 13,8.), which

generally translated
life'.

by hard
is

pavan sak-i nasdih ahvo 'away

literal,

to (or in) the

next

This translation
is

quite

but does not express the sense of the original correctly; paro
'near, next'.

rendered.

by

bard and asndi by nazdtk

The

'next
to

life'

is

of course that one in

2.

the other world, after death.

Although

this

seems

be hinted at in Ys. 55,

'after

by

the

words pascha astascha baodhanhascha tn-unnstm

soul',

the

separation of

body and
is

which follow after paro-asndi anuM.,

do not think this meaning

other world
,

quite corvect.
it,

The paro-asti
signifies the
;

is

not the

life in

the

as

we underits

stand

but

it

primary state of the soul,

to

which

it

returns, after

separation from the body

this state is then identified with that of everlasting

life.

This primary existence does not refer only to man,

the case, paro-asti
part. pres. fem,
is

but also to cattle.

Regarding

to

be taken as a locative, which depends oh the gen. of the

([ualifying

jasoithydo

kahhdoschid which

is

also

a gen. sing.
Yt.

fern,

referring to

fanunum.

The meaning of the phrase paro-asti jas (comp.

seems
to

1,

25

paro-asti jasentam
to

mana ddma)
Here
all

be

'to

occur in the primary existence',

of animals,

take part in

it.

the bodies of all

the

young ones

respectively

their embryos,

which

take part in the pre-existence, are to be understood.

308

H&(]l6kht

Nask

I,

14

31.
and good deeds,
15 re-

14 praising good thoughts

and good words

nouncing
IH

evil

thoughts and evil words and evil deeds.

is

What

the one recital of the

Ashem which

is

worth

hundred

of the other recitals of the

Ashem

in

greatness and goodness and ex-

cellence ?

17 Ahura-mazda answered him

18 which a

That indeed,
of the

pious Zarathus'tra
out -squeezed homa,

man

recites

after

swallowing

19 praising good thoughts and good words and good deeds, 20 renouncing evil thoughts and evil words and evil deeds.

21 "What

is

the one recital of the

Ashem which
in greatness

is

worth a thou-

sand of the other recitals of the

excellence ?

Ashem

and goodness and

22 Ahura-mazda answered him 23 which a

again
2
^

That indeed,
'

pious Zarathus'tra,
to sleep

man

recites

starting

up from sleep

and going

24 praising good
evil
is

thoughts and good

words

and good deeds,

25 renouncing

thoughts and evil words and

evil deeds.
is

26

What

the one recital of the

Ashem which
in greatness

worth ten thou-

sand of the other recitals of the

excellence
?

Ashem

and goodness and

27 Ahura-mazda answered him: That indeed,

pious Zarathus'tra,
sleep,

28 which a

man

recites,

awaking and

rising from

29 praising
evil

good thoughts and good words and good

thoughts and evil words and
31
evil

deeds

30 renouncing

deeds.

What
of

is

the one recital of the

cattle,

Ashem which

is

worth the whole

posterity^
,

region

Qaniratha with

and with wealth

in

in

greatness and goodness and excellence ?

'

This translates ustryamno which

is

is

rendered
nie.

in

Huz. by Idld-nipmishmh,
is
u]i'.

a word which
the root tar

not clearly intelligible

to

The Zand word

or

best traced to

W5

Sans, ut-tar which

tlie

means 'come out,

is

Qafnddha

is

evidently an ablative, with which

-=

Sans, td-tar

likewise construed.
,

Avauuhabdemno
nva.

lluz.

bard-khelmunishnih

to

be derived from qabda

'to

sleep'

-\3

The words mad-rathem paiii v'lrem are

difficult to explain.

The Huzvaresh

HAd6klit Nask

I.

32.

-II.

6.

309
pious Zarathus'tra,

32 Ahura-mazda answered him: That indeed,

33 which a

man

recites

at

the

extreme end of

life,

34 praising 2:ood

thoughts and good words and good deeds,

35 renouncing evil thoughts

and

evil
3ii

words and

evil deeds.

What

is

the one recital of the

Ashem which
this earth,

is

worth

all

this

which
and
all

is

in the earth

and

in the sky,

and

and those

lights,

good things created by Mazda which have

:

their origin in truth ?

37 Ahura-mazda answered him

That indeed,

pious Zarathus'tra,
evil

38 when one renounces

evil

thoughts and evil words and

deeds.

Chapter
On

II.

the fate of the soul of the pious after death.

(Comp. Vishtdsp

Nask

VIII. 53134.

Vend. 19,27-32.
II.

Ar.Jd

VirdfW. 8-35.

Mai)nj6-i

Khard

123 157.)
:

Zarathus'tra asked Aliura-mazda

Ahura-mazda, most munifi-

cent
2

spirit,

creator of the settlements supplied with creatures, holy one

when
3

a pious

man

passes away,
:

where remains

his soul that night ?

Then

said

Ahura-mazda

4 It sits

down near

the head, 5 chant-

ing the Ciatlia Us'tavaiti, imploring

blessedness

thus:
the
i.

'Blessed

is

he.

blessed
will,

is

everyone

to

whom Ahura-mazda,

ruler 6

by

his

own
the

should grant (the two everlasting powers)'

On

this night

version has: levatman ras

bard min

vir,

javid min anshntd; ras

is

iirobably the

Zand ratha

'chariot':

hard min

vir translates paiti virem, but not correctly, I think.

as this would

mean 'without men'; and

the

same sense

is

conveyed by the gloss

javid min amhiltd.

lator has, perhaps,

But paiti can never bear the meaning 'without'; the trans-

confounded paiti with jiara.

in

Rathem
in this

have traced

to the root

rd
the

'to

give'

and taken

the sense of 'wealth'

case,

we must suppose
to

that

a has been shortened.

But

it

may, perhaps better, be traced

,

ratii

'head';

then rathem would be read rathtvem be

:

and mean 'headship'; and

the sense

would

'men (offspring) who are

'

chiefs'.

See Hang's 'Essays on the sacred language,

writings and

religion

of the

Parsis', pag. 147.

310'
soul perceives

HAd6kht Nask
as

II.

- 20,
all

much

of pleasure

as

that
'.

which he had when

he

was a
7

living existence (living in the

world)

Where
Then

dwells his soul the second night ?

said

Ahura-mazda

i'

10

i
11

{as in

4 5].
(!].

On

this night

also the soul perceives as

much

of pleasure [as in

12 13

Where
Then

dwells his soul also the third night?

said

Ahura-mazda:

li-

15

[as in

5].

16

On
(>].

this

night also, 17 the soul perceives as nnich of pleasure [as in

18

On

the passing

away

of

the

third night,

when

the

dawn
trees

ap-

pears

'^,

the soul of the pious lU

man

appears passing through

and

sweet scents.

To him

there seems a wind blowing from

the

more

southern side, from the more southern quarters, 20 a sweet scent more

'

The Huzvaresh

traiiHlation has:

'unto

it

in

that night,
it

is

as

much comfort

and (as?) the soul wants

the world'.

for,

as

much
it,

as all that which

is

saw, during lifetime in

it

The sense conveyed by

Jui/6
it

certainly correct; but

is

not so easy

to

explain

it

grammatically.

may

be, as to its form, the gen. sg. of a

nom. joi fem.

jcz/o ^^jivf/a.

which never occurs; but

In our passage,
1

may

also be taken as a
it

nom.
in

sg.

standing for
latter

am

rather inclined to take

the sense is:

the

sense; jtiyo anhns

that

means

'the living existence';

'the soul

lias in

night as

much

pleasure as his whole living existence comprised'.

2

The Huz. has

'at

the end of the

third night

at the rising (of the light)

also appears to him, in the dawn,

is

what

is

the soul of the pious man', etc.

to

Thraos

fa

thus translated by

roeshman

'end',

which seems
is

be correct as regards the ge-

neral sense.

Grammatically, thraosta
root tar
'to

an instrumental, in the sense of a locative.

this is,
I

I trace it to tlie

pass by', standing for tarus'ta;

^a>-,

think,

an

abstract noun oi tarus' the past part. act. of

meaning 'having passed away'.

us.,

The a
to th

of tar has disappeared, as the accent

must have been on

and

t is

changed

according

to

rule; the change

to

ao

appears
is

to

be more a matter of

pronunciation than of etymology.

Vyusa sadhayt'iti
whence
it

rendered by

pavan nzdawas taken as a

hishmh medammtmed paean

locative.

ai'ishbdm,
is,

follows that vyusa

In Vend. 19, 28. there

;

in

a parallel passage, really the locative vyusaiti,

to

but without sadhaynti

part. pres. 'in the

am, therefore, inclined

i,

take sadhayeiti as the locative

dawning appearing'

e.

when

the

dawn appears.

Had6kht Nask

II.

2126.
i

311
that

sweet-scented thtin other winds.

nose,
the soul of the pious

21

Then inhaling

wind with the

the wind,

man

considers:

Whence- blows

the most sweet-scented wind which I have ever inhaled with the nostrils?

22 Advancing

with
the

tiiis

wind, there appears

of a beautiful

to

him what
brilliant,

is

his

own

religion, 23 in

body

maiden,
tall,

white-armed,
breasts,

strong,

well-grown,

high-statured*,

with

prominent

straight^, noble,

with a dazzling face,

of fifteen years, with a

body as

beautiful as the

most beautiful of creatures.

24

Then

the soul of the pious

man spoke

to

her,

asking:

What
vir-

virgin art thou,

whom

have seen here as the most beautiful of

gins in form ?

25 Then answered him his

own

religion

am,

youth, thy good

thoughts, good words, good deeds (and)

good

religion,

on account of

which good religion

for

in

thy own possession, 2G everyone has loved thee

such greatness, and goodness, and beauty, and perfume, and victor-

'

Uzgeremhyo

is

translated by laid
it

vakhdimd 'taken
'to

up', here 'snuffed up'.

is,

The

translator has evidently derived

from gereiv

take'

which

think, correct;

mb

stands apparently for

it

w, which was,

perhaps,

some provinrialism.

As

to its

form,

is

the part, of the pres. tense of the

causal form,

but with suppression of

the a before yd, which might have caused the change of to to nib.
-

Kiula-ilhaew, Huz. win a'igh dahishno 'whence originating', which render;

ing

is

certainly correct as to the sense

but there
to

is

some

difficulty as

to the

con-

struction.
'

As

it

refers to vdto

we ought

expect kuda-dhayo.
it is

Fr'ere.uta,

Huz. fravdft -advancing';

the instrunu-ntal of a

noun

fr'erenti

'arrival'.
*

Iluzarshtaijdo., Huz. laid

;

astddah ah/h yuddn va bCiland 'standing

it

up, i.e.

young and high

of the
^

have accordingly translated

by 'high-statured". The derivation

word

is

uncertain.
'of a

Sraotauio. Huz. iiadnl: tana

lo

good body'.

The
is

first

[art of the

word
in the

is

probably

be traced to a word sarva, or srva, which

^

no longer extant
it

Zand, but preserved in the modern Persian

bodied'
i.

j^ 'a cypress'; thus

means

'cypress-

e.

high,

tall,

or straight.

Persian poets frequently compare

is

tall

female

statures to cypresses;

and sntotaiird

generally used in the description of female

beauties.

312
iousness

HftdOkht Nask

II.

27-30.
thou

which overcomes enemies

as

appearest

to

me

*.

~7

Thou

hast loved me,

youth, the good thoughts,

good words,

good

deeds, the good religion with such greatness and goodness, and beauty

and perfume, and victoriousness which overcomes

pear
to thee,

enemies, as

ap-

28

When

thou mightest see another performing burning

(of the dead)

and idolworship,

and
sit

causing

oppression,

and cutting

down

trees,

29 then thou wouldst

down, chanting the Gathas, and

fire

consecrating the good waters and the

the pious

of
2.

Ahura-mazda, and extolUug

30 Then thou madest me.

man coming from near and

far

'

This
:

is

thus rendered by

the Huz.:

'She said in reply

who was

his

own

religion, thus

am
ot

thou,

am

(that is, I

am

thou thyself),

youth of good thought,

thy

of

good words,

good deeds, of good religion,

self.

who am
for

own

religion which

remained as excellent as thy own

thou art as great and

This

it

is

whose

will

and whose deeds

good and virtuous and sweet-scented and triumphant and

unharmed

as appears to me'.

Yd hava daena
e.

is to

be taken as an instrumental
;

through the
tive.

own

religion',
is

i.

on account of the own religion

qaepaithe

is

loca-

The Huz. has, as

often the case,

wrongly divided the sentences, and sei/d

parated chischa chaJcana from the relative sentence

-

hava daena.

The Hu/, has

'When thou sawest

those others that they committed injury

will,

and idolworship [they made demon worship], and they, with their own
the wills of fellow-creatures [that is,
to them],

destroyed

whoever desired any thing,

is,

it

was not given

;

and they made

trees the doors [that

their door

was shut up]

then thou

hast sat

down, and

the Clathas
fire

were chanted by thee, and the good waters were

for

worshiped, and the

of

Auharmazd was cared

by thee, and the pious

also

man
Saofor

was also praised by thee, who came from near and who was

from

far'.

chaya
it

is

rendered by

afsos.,

'ridicule, injury';
'to

but

this

can be hardly correct,

to

can only be derived from such

is

burn';

it

probably refers

the

burning of
is

the dead which

a crime according to the Zoroastrian religion.

is

Baosavascha

rendered by hdndak (the meaning of which

shedaydzah'ih 'demon-worship'.
In
JVIinokli.

not clear to me)

the

and explained by
to
if
1

Jl. 132,

word seems

be explained

by beshtdan U tar kardan 'causing oppression and overbearing",

may

venture

upon a guess,
isatva.,

am

inclined to take

it

as a foreign word to be identified with bodhthe candidates for the dignity of

the well are

known buddhistic term by which

Buddha

designated,

who

are worshiped.
in

Many
;

scholars will object to

Yt.
13, 16.

the
is

occurrence of buddhistic terms

Zand

writings

but in

Gaofema

H&(16klit

Nask

II.

31

33.

313

being beloved, more beloved,

me

being bcautifnl, more beautiful,

31

me

being desirable,
sitting

more
still

desirable,

me

being seated in a high place,

down

in a

higher place, 32 through this good thought, through

this

this

good word, through

good deed.

Then men afterwards worship

me, Ahura-mazda, the long worshiped and conversed with.

33

The

soul

of

the

pious

man

first

advanced with a footstep

;

which he placed upon Ilumata {good thought)

the soul of the pious

mentioned, which can only refer

sition to Zarathus'tra (for

to

Gautama Buddha,
is to

as

Gaotema

is

put in oppo-

he alone

be understood by vydkhano vydkhamo huto

giishai/ad-ttkhdho),

and made posterior

the Parsi prophet.

Now we know

that

the religion of Zoroaster

time, at Balkh.
If

was partly superseded by that of Buddha,

to in

at a very early

Buddhism be alluded

some parts

of the Zandavesta, then of

course, those pieces must be of a later date

than the bulk of the Zand writings

;.

appear to be.

There

is

however, no reason to regard the Yashts as old

times,

many

of

them are certainly not older than the Buddhistic

zJiintem
is

Varakhedhrdoscha vard-

rendered by

pavan kdmak-i tiafshman kdmak hamkMkdn makhitund,

of their fellow-creatures'.
to

'with their

own

will they destroyed the wills

'will,

Vara

is

here

taken in the sense of

'himself, and

wish';
to

khedhra appears

be identified with
All

Jj^

zhintem traced

the root

jan

'to slay'. II.

these identifications

and derivations are more than doubtful.

In Minokh.

132,

which contains a

somewhat

free translation
,

of the passage, these

words are explained by qdsta ezh

;

bazha andokhtan
the passage
is

'acquiring wealth by crime'

in

the

account of Arda Viraf,

omitted.
,

There
,

is

no doubt, the traditional interpreters referred the

words

to

goods
;

or

wealth

acquired in an improper manner, or unlawfully, or to

is

oppression

but I doubt whether this

(the reading
'choice',

the

correct meaning.
is

The

first

part of

varakhedhra

vakhedhra
'excavation,
,

in

Yt. 24, 37, 59.

certainly wrong) is

vara
If

which may mean

cavern, grotto', 'garden' or 'breast'.

'

we

consider that urvaro-strayascha

(a great crime according to
justified in

which can only mean

cutting

down

of

trees'

the Zoroastrian religion)

follows immediately,

we

are

supposing that varakhedhra

I

may

refer to a similar crime against the

grotto',
;

good

creation.

therefore take

it

as 'excavation,

and varozhintem as 'covering

it

over, destroying', tions

,

varozh being a denominative

probably water-courses
This
is,
,

thus
is

means 'destroying excavaaccording

to

or

vaults',

which

a great sin

the

Zoroastrian religion.

however, only a guess of mine.

In the translation, I

have adopted the traditional view.

40

314

Haclukht Nask

II.

34

39.

man

secondly advanced with a footstep which he placed upon Ilukhta

;

(good word)

the soul of the pious

man

thirdly

advanced with a

foot-

step which he placed

upon Huvarshta (jjood action).

34 The soul of

the pious

man

fourthly advanced with a footstep

ivhich

he placed on

the eternal luminaries.

35

To him spoke

a pious one, previously deceased, asking:

?

How,

pious one, didst thou die

how,
cattle,

pious one, didst thou

come away
?
i

from the dwellings supplied with

36 from the
life

and from the copulating birds

to

containing

creatures

the
?

spiritual

life,

from

the

perishable world to the imperishable world

how

long will have been

thy blessing
37
is

Then

said

Ahura-mazda
frightful,

Ask

not him

whom

thou askest,

who

come along the

deadly, destructive path, the separation of

the body and soul.

38 Of the nourishments brought to him,

thcr^e is

some

of the Zare-

maya-oil2;

that

is

the

food

of

a youth

of
after

good thought, of good

death;

words, of good deeds, of good religion,

food for a

39

that

is

the

woman

of very

good thoughts, of very good words, of very

a master

good deeds, well-governed, ruled by

and

pious, after death.

\ The Huz. renders

this

passage as follows:

'How

didst

thou come away,

pious one, to this place, from that dwelling-supplied, cattle-supplied, desire-supis,

plied [that
after the

they desire others in

it],
is

cohabitation-supplied [that

is,

they cohabit

menstruous discharge, which

said to be a characteristic of the world]';

I

vayaHhyascha hacha mdyavaitlhijascha

birds'.

have translated by 'from the copulating

Though

this

may seem

strange, the sense can hardly be otherwise.

'desire'
;

The Huz.
Birds

renders vayanhyascha by

hhvaMshn
;

but this sense

is

is

too vague.

form part of the good creation

-

and

tlieir

copulation
as;,

regarded as auspicious.
Zaremaya-oil'.

The Huz. has: 'Let them bring him

is

food the
it

Berepast

tanam

taken as a Supers, plur. iraperat.

as to
its

but
is

is

the gen. plur. of the

part, berefa,

form; though a verb

wanted by the sense.

As

the text

now

stands, the auxiliary verb

must be supplied.

Had6kht Nask

III.

1-36.

315

Chapter
On
tlie

III.

fate of the

wicked soul
3Iainy6-i

after death.

(Comp. Ardu Viraf XVII. 4-28;

Khard

II.

158-194.)

1 Zaratlius'tra

asked Aliura-mazda [as mil.

his soul that night ?
:

1]:

when a wicked

man

dies,

where remains
said

Then

Ahura-mazda
it

There, indeed,

pious Zarathus

tra, in

the vicinity of the head

runs about, 4 chanting the Gatha

Kam-nemeturning?'
all that

zam
5

'To what
this night,

land can I turn,

the soul perceives

where
as

can I go

to

in

On

much

of uneasiness as

wdiich he
6

had when he was

a living existence.
his soul the second night? etc. {as in
his

10

Where remains

S5\.
.3

11

16
On

Where remains
the passing

soul the third night?

etc.

[as in

.5].

17

away
the

of the third night,

pious Zarathus'tra,

-when the dawn appears,

ing through terrors

soul

of

the

wicked man appears passthere

the

and stenches.

18

To him

seems

wind

blowing forth from the more northern side,

quarters,

from

more northern
20 Then

10 a stench more foul -smelling than other winds.

inhaling that wind with the

siders:

nose,

the soul

of the wicked

man

con-

Whence blows

the wind, the most stinking wind which I have

ever inhaled with the nostrils?

the converse of
11.

21

32

[Omitted in the MSS., being

2233],

33 The soul of the wicked

man

fourthly

advanced with a

foot-

step ivhich he placed on the eternal glooms.

34 To him spoke a wicked one, previously dead

asking

How,

wicked one, didst thou die?

how,

wicked one, didst thou come

copulatlife,

away 35 from

the dwellings supplied with cattle, and from the

life

ing birds, 36 from the

containing creatures to the spiritual

?

from

the perishable world to the imperishable world

How

long will be

thy distress

316

Had6kht Xask
37 Anro-mainyu shouted

III.

87-39.
askest,

Ask not him whom thou

destructive path,

who

is

come along the

frightful,

deadly,

the 'separation of

the body and soul.

38 Of the nourishments
poison and poisonous stench
of evil thought,
is
;

brought
that
is

to

him, there are some from

the food, after death, of a youth

of evil religion;

of evil words, of evil deeds,

39 that

the food,

after

death,
evil

for a harlot

of very

evil thoughts, of

very

evil

words, of very

deeds,

ill-instructed,

not ruled by a master,

and wicked.