MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Tri Ardyati,PhD Irfan Mustafa, SSi.MSi

Biotechnology :
The use of living organisms to solve problems or to produce useful product Microbial Biotechnology: The use of living microbes to solve problems or to produce useful product

Biotechnology: involvement of organisms in food or industrial processing Fermentation

Food/industrial products Bread; tape; beer; wine Cheese Cammemberti cheese Tempe; oncom Soy sauce Yoghurt Antibiotics Enzymes

Microorganisms Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Lactic acid bacteria L. lactis, L. cremoris Mold Penicillium Mold Rhizopus; Mold Neurospora sitophila Mold Aspergillus Lactic acid bacteria L. bulgaricus, S. thermophilus Streptomyces Mold/bacteria

Biotechnology : Modification of organisms gene to derive useful products through DNA recombinant / genetic engineering.

DNA Recombinant Techniques that permit the direct transfer or removal of genes in that organism. Transgenic organisms Organisms have a gene from another organism (microbes, plant, or animal) moved into them.

Modern Fermentation Product (mainly originate from genetically engineered microorganism) flavors antimicrobes and preservatives enzymes organic acids amino acids vitamin

Chymosin/rennin enzyme required on cheese production (improve

coagulation)

Bovine/cow origin gene is obtained inserted / cloned in yeast DNA Vegetarian cheese (no animal slaughter to get intestinal rennin)

Deactivation of polygalacturonidase gene which is responsible on ripening

Delay ripening and softening of tomatoes

Golden rice
gene insertion to improve nutrition contents iron, sulphur and -carotene (vitamin A precursor)

Bacillus thuringiensis gene application in crops

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)

Insertion of biopesticide gene from Bacillus thuringiensis

Cloned in plant to acquire protection of larvae / insects

Producing insulin hormone by Escherichia coli

Technique in DNA Recombination and Biotechnology Experiments

1. Isolation of DNA containing gene of interest and plasmid DNA (vectors) 2. Incision of gene-of-interest and plasmid DNA (vectors) by restriction enzyme 3. Insertion of gene-of-interest fragment into nicked plasmid DNA (vectors) 4. Introduce recombined plasmid (DNA) into host cells, thus the cells are able to synthesize the expected molecule

Insertion of gene-of-interest into E. coli DNA (plasmid)

Inserting DNA fragment into the vector

Transform Plasmid Recombinant into E. coli cells

Transgenic Plant

Plant Tissue Culture

Plant (Explants)

Bud, root, or leaf Sterilization by Chlorox

Solid or liquid media containing required nutrition, hormone, etc. Growth : 1. Organ : leaf, root 2. Callus 3. Suspension (secondary metabolite)

Callus

Plantlet

Plantlet

Laboratory acclimation

Green house acclimation