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Contents
Definitions Internal Combustion Engines Demonstration example Validation & verification Spray box Combustion Port flow applications IC engine applications
Wednesday, October 10, 2012 2012 Automotive Simulation World Congress 2
Contents
Definitions Internal Combustion Engines Demonstration example Validation & verification Spray box Combustion Port flow applications IC engine applications
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Definitions
Verification Verify, that model is implemented correctly Characteristics
Simplified geometry Focused on single physical model Compare to analytical or other CFD
Contents
Definitions Internal Combustion Engines Demonstration example Validation & verification Spray box Combustion Port flow applications IC engine applications
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Combustion
Thermal management Emissions
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Particle tracking
Injection, tracking, evaporation, wall-interaction
Combustion
Ignition, flame front propagation
Post-processing
Automatic processing of monitor and solution data
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Contents
Definitions Internal Combustion Engines Demonstration example Validation & verification Spray box Combustion Port flow applications IC engine applications
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Combustion
Plus ignition Plus flame front propagation
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CA 555
CA 715
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Combustion simulation
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Contents
Definitions Internal Combustion Engines Demonstration example Validation & verification Spray box Combustion Port flow applications IC engine applications
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Testcases
Bosch spray box (cold spray) Hiroyasu spray box (cold spray) Koss spray (hot spray)
Tracking
Particle-wall interaction Wall film modeling
Evaporation
N2 300
0.00275 m
0.56
0.11
Heptane 614.2 0.0201
0.03 m
Spray parameters Initial temperature [K] Nozzle diameter [mm] Injection pressure [MPa] Injection velocity [m/s] Particle mass flow rate [g/s] Injection rate, single pulse [ms] Estimated initial spray angle [deg] Injection Weber number 5.2 85 300 0.151 10 138 1.5 1.5 12 450
Available data
Spray penetration over time Sampling point (0, 0.00275, 0.03) - Droplet diameter distribution - Droplet velocity distribution
Kumzerova, E. and Esch, T., Extension and Validation of the CAB Droplet Breakup Model to a Wide Weber Number Range, Proc. of the 22nd Europ. Conf. on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Paper ILASS08-A132, Como Lake, 2008.
Size of the cell near the nozzle [m 2] (radial x axial length) 12.8e-4 x 12.8e-4
6.4e-4 x 6.4e-4 3.2e-4 x 3.2e-4
Coarsest
Coarse Medium
Fine Finest
2880 5824
Coarsest
Coarse
Medium
Fine
Finest
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Penetration Depth [m ]
0.0005
0.001
Time [s]
Case 2
Case 3
800 5 N2 4.62
nHeptane (C7H16)
Evaporating spray
Liquid penetration at 90% spray mass fraction
Density [kg/m3] Surface tenstion [N/m2] Nozzle diameter [mm] Injection rate [ms] Droplet diameter [mm] Injection Velocity [m/s] Initial spray angle [deg]
Measurements: H. Koss, D. Bruuggemann, A. Wiartalla, H. Backer, and A. Breuer, Results from Fuel/Air Ratio Measurements in an N-Heptane Injection Spray, IDEA periodic report, RWTH Aachen, 1992.
Contents
Definitions Internal Combustion Engines Demonstration example Validation & verification Spray box Combustion Port flow applications IC engine applications
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TDC clearance [mm] Equivalence ratio Engine speed [rpm] Spark timing [deg. ATDC]
Volumetric efficiency
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Contents
Definitions Internal Combustion Engines Demonstration example Validation & verification Spray box Combustion Port flow applications IC engine applications
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ICE Validation
IC engine applications Public engine cases Collaborations with customers Benchmark for customers Of interest
Valuable experimental data No confidentiality No restrictions for publication
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Port length Inner port diameter Outer port diameter Valve opening Cylinder length Cylinder diameter
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CFX results
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z 2 N
r V v dV 2 r dV
V
3 2 1 0 -1 360
Average swirl on planes Simulation Experiment (plane data) Experiment SwirlICE ration in cylinder CFX Swirl
450
540 [cad]
630
720
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Sample Line
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Engine Specifications
Engine Type Chamber Geometry Fueling type Displacement 4-Stroke, 4-Valve, SI Pentroof Spray-guided directinjection 692.9 cm3 12:1
11 MPa
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Compression Ratio
Injection Pressure
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10
8 6 4 2
8 6
6 7 8 9
6 7 8 9
0.1
Volume [L]
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56
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120 100
80
10000 rpm Cyl_Horiz 10000 rpm Cyl_Vert ECFM - cycle 1 C-eqn - cycle 1
G-eqn - cycle 1
G-eqn zcd - cycle 1
G-eqn p - cycle 1
60 40
20
G-eqn pc - cycle 1
0 -360
-20
-270
-180
-90
90
180
270
360
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Thermal inertia of two models is orders of magnitude different two separate simulations
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Iterative Process
Iteration process
y+~ 200
y+~ 30
y+~ 20
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y+~ 1
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K-epsilon
K-epsilon
SST K-w
SST K-w
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Summary
Validation and verification examples related to internal combustion engines Basic spray and combustion cases Port flow applications Cold flow IC engine applications Combustion IC engine applications Good agreement of results for most cases in different application areas Ongoing work in the ICE validation project at ANSYS Continuation of work with existing engines Collection of new validation cases Reference cases for current ICE software and future software developments
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Any Questions ?
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