INTRODUCTION OF CAM

Computer Aided Manufacturing is commonly linked to Computer Aided Design (CAD) systems. The resulting integrated CAD/CAM system then takes the computer-generated design, and feeds it directly into the manufacturing system; the design is then converted into multiple computer-controlled processes, such as drilling or turning Another advantage of Computer Aided Manufacturing is that it can be used to facilitate mass customization: the process of creating small batches of products that are custom designed to suit each particular client. Without CAM, and the CAD process that precedes it, customization would be a time-consuming, manual and costly process. However, CAD software allows for easy customization and rapid design changes: the automatic controls of the CAM system make it possible to adjust the machinery automatically for each different order

CNC G codes G00 - Positioning at rapid speed; Mill and Lathe G01 - Linear interpolation (machining a straight line); Mill and Lathe G02 - Circular interpolation clockwise (machining arcs); Mill and Lathe G03 - Circular interpolation, counter clockwise; Mill and Lathe G04 - Mill and Lathe, Dwell G09 - Mill and Lathe, Exact stop G10 - Setting offsets in the program; Mill and Lathe G12 - Circular pocket milling, clockwise; Mill G13 - Circular pocket milling, counterclockwise; Mill G17 - X-Y plane for arc machining; Mill and Lathe with live tooling G18 - Z-X plane for arc machining; Mill and Lathe with live tooling G19 - Z-Y plane for arc machining; Mill and Lathe with live tooling G20 - Inch units; Mill and Lathe G21 - Metric units; Mill and Lathe G27 - Reference return check; Mill and Lathe G28 - Automatic return through reference point; Mill and Lathe G29 - Move to location through reference point; Mill and Lathe (slightly different for each machine) G31 - Skip function; Mill and Lathe G32 - Thread cutting; Lathe G33 - Thread cutting; Mill G40 - Cancel diameter offset; Mill. Cancel tool nose offset; Lathe G41 - Cutter compensation left; Mill. Tool nose radius compensation left; Lathe G42 - Cutter compensation right; Mill. Tool nose radius compensation right; Lathe G43 - Tool length compensation; Mill G44 - Tool length compensation cancel; Mill (sometimes G49) G50 - Set coordinate system and maximum RPM; Lathe G52 - Local coordinate system setting; Mill and Lathe G53 - Machine coordinate system setting; Mill and Lathe G54~G59 - Workpiece coordinate system settings #1 t0 #6; Mill and Lathe G61 - Exact stop check; Mill and Lathe G65 - Custom macro call; Mill and Lathe G70 - Finish cycle; Lathe G71 - Rough turning cycle; Lathe G72 - Rough facing cycle; Lathe G73 - Irregular rough turning cycle; Lathe G73 - Chip break drilling cycle; Mill G74 - Left hand tapping; Mill G74 - Face grooving or chip break drilling; Lathe G75 - OD groove pecking; Lathe G76 - Fine boring cycle; Mill

G76 G80 G81 G82 G83 G84 G85 G86 G87 G90 G91 G92 G92 G94 G95 G96 G97 G98 G99

Threading cycle; Lathe Cancel cycles; Mill and Lathe Drill cycle; Mill and Lathe Drill cycle with dwell; Mill Peck drilling cycle; Mill Tapping cycle; Mill and Lathe Bore in, bore out; Mill and Lathe Bore in, rapid out; Mill and Lathe Back boring cycle; Mill Absolute programming Incremental programming Reposition origin point; Mill Thread cutting cycle; Lathe Per minute feed; Mill Per revolution feed; Mill Constant surface speed control; Lathe Constant surface speed cancel Per minute feed; Lathe Per revolution feed; Lathe

CNC M Codes M00 - Program stop; Mill and Lathe M01 - Optional program stop; Lathe and Mill M02 - Program end; Lathe and Mill M03 - Spindle on clockwise; Lathe and Mill M04 - Spindle on counterclockwise; Lathe and Mill M05 - Spindle off; Lathe and Mill M06 - Toolchange; Mill M08 - Coolant on; Lathe and Mill M09 - Coolant off; Lathe and Mill M10 - Chuck or rotary table clamp; Lathe and Mill M11 - Chuck or rotary table clamp off; Lathe and Mill M19 - Orient spindle; Lathe and Mill M30 - Program end, return to start; Lathe and Mill M97 - Local sub-routine call; Lathe and Mill M98 - Sub-program call; Lathe and Mill M99 - End of sub program; Lathe and Mill

LINEAR INTERPOLATION AIM: To write the CNC part program for the given profile by using CNC milling machine. APPARATUS REQUIRED: Milling machine with Fannuc operating system Aluminium Billet Vernier calliper PROCEDURE: Move the tool to the groove position. Start writing the program in edit mode. After finishing the part program using G-codes and M-codes save the file by giving the name .FNC. Press F9 to check the program using dry run and see the simulation. Press F9 for offsetting the tool position. Go to the jog mode by pressing Alt + J. Go to auto mode by pressing Alt + A. After pressing F9 to select execute CNC for executing the program. Finally unload the component fro CNC xl milling machine.

PROGRAM-1 [BILLET X70 Y70 Z10; [EDGEMOVE X0 Y0; [TOOLDEF T01 D8; G21 G94; G91 G28 Z0; G28 X0 Y0; M06 T01; M03 S1500; G90 G00 X10 Y10; G00 Z10; G01 Z-.5 F35; X50; Y50; X10; Y10; X50 Y50; G00 Z5; G00 X10 Y50; G01 Z-.5; X50 Y10; G00 Z5; G91 G28 Z0; G28 X0 Y0; M05; M30;

RESULT:

Thus the part program is written and executed to get the required profile

LINEAR INTERPOLATION AND CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION IN MILLING MACHINE AIM: To write the CNC part program for the given profile by using CNC milling machine. MATERIALS REQUIRED: Milling machine with Fannuc operating system. Aluminium Billet and size 70, 100, 10. Verniercalliper PROCEDURE: Move the tool to the groove position. Start writing the program in edit mode. After finishing the part program using G-codes and M-codes save the file by giving the name .FNC. Press F9 to check the program using dry run and see the simulation. Press F9 for offsetting the tool position. Go to the jog mode by pressing Alt + J. Go to auto mode by pressing Alt + A. After pressing F9 to select execute CNC for executing the program. Finally unload the component fro CNC xl milling machine.

PROGRAM-1 [BILLET X70 Y80 Z10; EDGEMOVE [X0 Y0 Z0; TOOLDEF [T01 D6; G21 G94; G91 G28 Z0; G28 X0 Y0; M06 T01 02; M03 S1200; G90 G00 Z2; G00 X15 Y10; G01 Z-2 F40; G01 X55 Y10; G03 X60 Y15 R5 F40; G01 X60 Y65 F40; G03 X55 Y70 R5 F40; G01 X15 Y70 F40; G03 X10 Y65 R5 F40; G01 X10 Y15 F40; G02 X15 Y10 R5 F40; G00 Z2; G00 G28 Z0;

G00 X0 Y0; M05; M30;

RESULT: Thus the part program is written and executed to get the required profile.

CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION

AIM: To write the part program for the given profile by using CNC milling machine. APPARATUS REQUIRED: Milling machine with Fannuc operating system Aluminium Billet Vernier calliper PROCEDURE: Move the tool to the groove position. Start writing the program in edit mode. After finishing the part program using G-codes and M-codes save the file by giving the file name .FNC. Press F9 to check the program by using dry run and to see the simulation. Press F9 for offsetting the tool position. Go to the jog mode by pressing the Alt + J Go to the auto mode by using the Alt + A. After pressing the F9 to select execute the CNC for executing the CNC program. Finally unload the component from CNC xl milling machine.

PROGRAM-1 [BILLET X80 Y80 Z10; EDGEMOVE [X0 Y0 Z0; TOOLDEF [T01 D06; G21 G94; G91 G28 Z0; G28 X0 Y0; M06 T01 02; M03 S1200; G90 G00 Z2; G00 X10 Y10; G01 Z-1 F40; G02 X70 Y10 R30 F40; G02 X70 Y70 R30 F40; G02 X10 Y70 R30 F40; G02 X10 Y10 R30 F40; G03 X70 Y10 R100 F40; G03 X70 Y70 R100 F40; G03 X10 Y70 R100 F40; G03 X10 Y10 R100 F40; G00 Z2; G00 G28 Z0; G00 X0 Y0;

M05; M30;

RESULT: Thus the circular interpolation in milling machine is done and the output is verified successfully.

FACING AND TURNING CYCLE USING G01 AIM: To do the simulation and facing operation in lathe by using G01 in CNC Lathe.. APPARATUS REQUIRED: Lathe with Fannuc operating system. Billet with vernier caliper. PROCEDURE: Move the tool to the home position. Start writing program in edit mode. After finishing the part program using G-codes and M-codes save the file by giving number.fnl. Press F9 key to check the program using dry run and see the simulation. Press F9 for offsetting the tool position. Go to jog mode by pressing Alt + J Go to auto mode by pressing Alt + A. After press F9 again and select execute CNC for executing the program. Finally unload the component from CNC XL turning machine.

PROGRAM: [BILLET X25 Z70; N010 G21 G98; N020 G28 U0 W0; N030 M06 T02; N040 M03 S1200; N050 G00 X26 Z-0.5; N060 G01 X0 Z-0.5; N070 G00 X26 Z-0.5; N080 G00 X26 Z-1.5; N090 G01 X00 Z-1.5; N100 G00 X24 Z-1.5; N110 G01 X24 Z-30; N120 G00 X26 Z-30; N130 G00 X26 Z0; N140 G00 X23 Z0; N150 G01 X23 Z-20; N160 G00 X26 Z-20; N170 G00 X26 Z0; N180 G00 X22 Z0; N190 G01 X22 Z-10; N200 G00 X26 Z-10; N210 G00 X26 Z0; N220 M05; N230 M30;

RESULT:

Thus the part program is written and executed to get the required component.

FACING AND TURNING CYCLE USING G90 AND G94 AIM: To write an CNC part program in XL turning machine, to make the required component. APPARATUS REQUIRED: Lathe with Fannuc operating system. Billet with vernier caliper. PROCEDURE: Move the tool to the home position. Start writing program in edit mode. After finishing the part program using G-codes and M-codes save the file by giving number.fnl . Press F9 key to check the program using dry run and see the simulation. Press F9 for offsetting the tool position. Go to jog mode by pressing Alt + J Go to auto mode by pressing Alt + A. After press F9 again and select execute CNC for executing the program. Finally unload the component from CNC XL turning machine.

PROGRAM: [BILLET X25 Z70; N010 G21 G98; N020 G28 U0 W0; N030 M06 T02; N040 M03 S1200; N050 G00 X26 Z2; N060 G94 X-1 Z-0.5 F40; N070 Z-1 X-1; N080 Z-1.5 X-1; N090 G90 X24.5 Z-30; N100X24; N110 X23.5 Z-20; N120 X23; N130 X22.5 Z-10; N140 X22; N150 G28 U0 W0; N160 MO5; N170 M38; N180 M10; N190 M30;

RESULT:

Thus the part program is written and executed to get the required component.

SPOT DRILLING USING G81

AIM: To write an CNC part program in XL turning machine to make the required component. APPARATUS REQUIRED: CNC Trainer software CNC Milling machine PROCEDURE: Move the tool to the home position. Start writing program in edit mode. After finishing the part program using G-codes and M-codes save the file by giving number.fnl . Press F9 key to check the program using dry run and see the simulation. Press F9 for offsetting the tool position. Go to jog mode by pressing Alt + J Go to auto mode by pressing Alt + A. After press F9 again and select execute CNC for executing the program. Finally unload the component from CNC XL turning machine.

PROGRAM: [BILLET X200 Y200 Z10; [EDGE MOVE X0 Y0 Z0] [TOOL DEF T0106] G21 G94; G91 G28 Z0.; G28 X0. Y0.; M06 T01 02; M03 S1200; G90 G00 Z2.; G81 X60. Y0. Z-25. F40; G81 X42. 43 Y42. 43; G81 X0. Y60. Z-5. F40.; G81 X-42. 43 Y42. 43; G81 X-60. Y0.; G81 X-42.43 Y-42.43; G81 X0. Y-60.; G81 X42. 43 Y-42. 43; G00 Z2.; G28 X0 Y0; M05; M30;

RESULT:

Thus the part program is written and executed to get the required component.

GROOVING OPERATION
AIM: To write an CNC part program in XL turning machine to make the required component. APPARATUS REQUIRED: CNC Trainer software with trainer kit CNC Milling machine PROCEDURE: Move the tool to the home position. Start writing program in edit mode. After finishing the part program using G-codes and M-codes save the file by giving number.fnl . Press F9 key to check the program using dry run and see the simulation. Press F9 for offsetting the tool position. Go to jog mode by pressing Alt + J Go to auto mode by pressing Alt + A. After press F9 again and select execute CNC for executing the program. Finally unload the component from CNC XL turning machine.

PROGRAM: [BILLET X25 Y270 TOOL DEF T02 D02] G21 G98; G28 U0 W0; G50 M03 S2000; G96 S200; M06 T02 02; G00 X26 Z-2; G00 X25 Z-31; G01 X22; G00 X25; G00 Z-19; G01 X23; G00 X25; G00 Z-18; G01 X23; G00 X25; G00 Z-17; G00 X25; G00 X26 Z2; G28 U0 W0; M05; M30;

RESULT: Thus the part program is written and executed to get the required component.

GROOVING OPERATION USING G75

AIM: To write an CNC part program in XL turning machine to make the required component. APPARATUS REQUIRED: CNC Trainer software with trainer kit CNC Milling machine

PROCEDURE: Move the tool to the home position. Start writing program in edit mode. After finishing the part program using G-codes and M-codes save the file by giving number.fnl . Press F9 key to check the program using dry run and see the simulation. Press F9 for offsetting the tool position. Go to jog mode by pressing Alt + J Go to auto mode by pressing Alt + A. After press F9 again and select execute CNC for executing the program. Finally unload the component from CNC XL turning machine.

PROGRAM: [BILLET X25 Z70 TOOL DEF T02 D04] G21 G98; G28 U0 W0; G50 M03 S1200; M06 T02 02; G00 X26 Z-2; G00 Z-22; G75 R1.0; G75 X22 Z-32 P400 Q1000 R4.0 F0.06; G00 X26 Z5; G00 X26 Z2; G28 U0 W0; M05; M30;

RESULT: Thus the part program is written and executed to get the required component.

DRILLING OPERATION USING G73

AIM: To write an CNC part program in XL turning machine to make the required component. APPARATUS REQUIRED: CNC Trainer software with trainer kit CNC Milling machine

PROCEDURE: Move the tool to the home position. Start writing program in edit mode. After finishing the part program using G-codes and M-codes save the file by giving number.fnl . Press F9 key to check the program using dry run and see the simulation. Press F9 for offsetting the tool position. Go to jog mode by pressing Alt + J Go to auto mode by pressing Alt + A. After press F9 again and select execute CNC for executing the program. Finally unload the component from CNC XL turning machine.

PROGRAM:

[BILLET X70 Y100 Z10 EDGE MOVE X0 Y0 Z0 TOOL DEF T02 06] G21 G94; G91 G28 Z0; G28 X0 Y0; M06 T04 02; M05 S1200; G90 G00 Z2; G00 X10 Y10; G73 X10 Y10 Z-30 Q5 R5 K4 P1000 F40; G00 Z2; G28 X0 Y0 Z0; M05; M30;

RESULT:

Thus the part program is written and executed to get the required component.

TAPER TURINING
AIM: To write an CNC part program in XL turning machine to make the required component. APPARATUS REQUIRED: CNC Trainer software with trainer kit CNC Lathe machine

PROCEDURE: Move the tool to the home position. Start writing program in edit mode. After finishing the part program using G-codes and M-codes save the file by giving number.fnl . Press F9 key to check the program using dry run and see the simulation. Press F9 for offsetting the tool position. Go to jog mode by pressing Alt + J Go to auto mode by pressing Alt + A. After press F9 again and select execute CNC for executing the program. Finally unload the component from CNC XL turning machine.

PROGRAM: [BILLET X22 Z70] TOOL DEF T03 D04] G21 G40 G98; G28 U0 W0; M06 T03 04; M03 S1200; G00 X21 Z2; G90 X20 Z-40 R0 F60; X20 R-0.5; X20 R-1; X20 R-1.5; G28 U0 W0; M05; M30;

RESULT: Thus the part program is written and executed to get the required component.

MULTIPLE TURINING
AIM: To write an CNC part program in XL turning machine to make the required component. APPARATUS REQUIRED: CNC Trainer software with trainer kit CNC Lathe machine

PROCEDURE: Move the tool to the home position. Start writing program in edit mode. After finishing the part program using G-codes and M-codes save the file by giving number.fnl . Press F9 key to check the program using dry run and see the simulation. Press F9 for offsetting the tool position. Go to jog mode by pressing Alt + J Go to auto mode by pressing Alt + A. After press F9 again and select execute CNC for executing the program. Finally unload the component from CNC XL turning machine.

PROGRAM: [BILLET X25 Z70; N10 G21 G98; N20 G28 U0 W0; N30 M06 T02 02; N40 M03 S1200; N50 G00 X25 Z1; N60 G71 U0.5 R1; N70 G71 P80 Q140 U0.1 W0.1 F50; N80 G01 X0; N90 G01 Z0; N100 G03 X10 Z-5 R5; N110 G01 Z-15; N120 G01 X20 Z-25; N130 G01 X20 Z-35; N140 G02 X25 Z-40 R5; N150 G70 P80 Q140; N160 G28 U0 W0; N170 M05; N180 M30;

RESULT:

Thus the part program is written and executed to get the required component.

MULTIPLE THREADING CYCLE USING G76 AIM: To write an CNC part program in XL Turning Machine, to make the required component. APPARATUS REQUIRED: CNC Trainer software with trainer kit. CNC Milling machine. PROCEDURE: Move the tool to the home position. Start writing program in edit mode. After finishing the part program using G-codes and M-codes save the file by giving number.fnl . Press F9 key to check the program using dry run and see the simulation. Press F9 for offsetting the tool position. Go to jog mode by pressing Alt + J Go to auto mode by pressing Alt + A. After press F9 again and select execute CNC for executing the program. Finally unload the component from CNC XL turning machine.

PROGRAM: [BILLET X25 Z70; N010 G21 G98; N020 G28 U0 W0; N030 M06 T03 02; N040 M03 S1200; N050 G00 X25 Z1; N060 G90 X24 Z-40 F1.25; N070 X23; N080 X22; N090 X21; N100 X20; N110 X19; N120 X18; N130 G28 U0 W0; N140 M06 T05 04; N150 M03 S600; N160 G00 X18 Z1; N170 G76 P03 15 60 Q50 R0,05; N180 G76 X16 .16 Z-30 P09 19 Q80 F1.5; N190 G28 U0 W0; N200 M05; N210 M30;

RESULT:

Thus the part program is written and executed to get the required component.

MULTIPLE THREADING CYCLE USING G92 AIM: To write an CNC part program in XL turning machine to make the required component. APPARATUS REQUIRED: CNC Trainer software with trainer kit CNC Milling machine PROCEDURE: Move the tool to the home position. Start writing program in edit mode. After finishing the part program using G-codes and M-codes save the file by giving number.fnl . Press F9 key to check the program using dry run and see the simulation. Press F9 for offsetting the tool position. Go to jog mode by pressing Alt + J Go to auto mode by pressing Alt + A. After press F9 again and select execute CNC for executing the program. Finally unload the component from CNC XL turning machine.

PROGRAM: [BILLET X25 Z70; TOOL DEF T05 00] G28 U0 W0; M06 T05 00; G97 S600 M04; G00 X25.0 Z2.0; G92 X23.5 Z-40.0 F2; X23.1; X22.7; X22.4; X22.1; X21.8; X21.5; X21.45; X21.404; G00 X26.0; Z5.0; G28 U0 W0; M05; M30

RESULT: Thus the part program is written and executed to get the required component.

MULTIPLE THREADING CYCLE USING G32 AIM: To write an CNC part program in XL turning machine to make the required component. APPARATUS REQUIRED: CNC Trainer software with trainer kit CNC Milling machine PROCEDURE: Move the tool to the home position. Start writing program in edit mode. After finishing the part program using G-codes and M-codes save the file by giving number.fnl . Press F9 key to check the program using dry run and see the simulation. Press F9 for offsetting the tool position. Go to jog mode by pressing Alt + J Go to auto mode by pressing Alt + A. After press F9 again and select execute CNC for executing the program. Finally unload the component from CNC XL turning machine.

PROGRAM: [BILLET X25 Z70; TOOL DEF T03 03] G21 G98; G28 U0 W0; G97 S1700 M04; G00 X17.5 Z2.0 T03 03; G32 Z-30 F1.5; G00 X20.0; Z2.0; X17.1; G32 Z-30.0 F1.5; X20.0; Z2.0; X16.8; G32 Z-30 F1.5; X20.0; Z2.0; X16.5; G32 Z-30 F1.5; X20.0; Z2.0; X16.3; G32 Z-30 F1.5; X20.0; Z2.0; X16.2;

G32 Z-30 F1.5; X20.0;

Z2.0; X16.1; G32 Z-30 F1.5; X20.0; Z2.0; X16.053; G32 Z-30 F1.5; G00 X25.0; Z5.0; G28 U0 W0; M05; M30;

RESULT:

Thus the part program is written and executed to get the required component.

DRILLING OPERATION
AIM: To write an CNC part program in XL turning machine to make the required component. APPARATUS REQUIRED: CNC Trainer software with trainer kit CNC Milling machine

PROCEDURE: Move the tool to the home position. Start writing program in edit mode. After finishing the part program using G-codes and M-codes save the file by giving number.fnl . Press F9 key to check the program using dry run and see the simulation. Press F9 for offsetting the tool position. Go to jog mode by pressing Alt + J Go to auto mode by pressing Alt + A. After press F9 again and select execute CNC for executing the program. Finally unload the component from CNC XL turning machine.

PROGRAM: [BILLET X200 Y200 Z10 EDGE MOVE X0 Y0 Z0 TOOL DEF T01 06] G21 G94; G91 G28 Z0; G28 X0 Y0; M06 T01 02; M03 S1200; G90 G00 Z2; G81 X50. Y0. Z-20.; G81 X0. Y50.; G81 X-50. Y0.; G81 X0. Y-50.; G00 Z2; G28 X0 Y0 Z0; M05; M30;

RESULT:

Thus the part program is written and executed to get the required component.