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Angles In Trigonometry
This large window applet helps you understand the definition and properties of an angle in standard position. It can also be used to understand the concept of coterminal angles. Interactive Tutorial Two ways to investigate angle interactively. 1) An html5 applet on Angles in Standard Position. 2) and a java applet below

click on the button above "click here to start" and MAXIMIZE the window obtained. Type in any angle (in degrees, negative or positive) then click on start. coterminal angles : Type in the following angles: 390 degrees, 30 degrees, -330 degrees. Each time note the position of the terminal side. Do these angles have the same terminal side? Why?

More references on angles.

Angles in trigonometry. Find the coterminal angle Trigonometry calculator. Find The Reference Angle Trigonometry calculator.

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Find the Quadrant of an Angle Trigonometry calculator.

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Find Coterminal Angles

Find coterminal angles Ac to a given angle A. What are coterminal angles? If you graph angles x = 30o and y = - 330o in standard position, these angles will have the same terminal side. See figure below.

Coterminal angles Ac to angle A may be obtained by adding or subtracting k*360 degrees or k* (2 Pi). Hence Ac = A + k*360o if A is given in degrees. or Ac = A + k*(2 PI) if A is given in radians. where k is any negative or positive integer. Example 1: Find a positive and a negative coterminal angles to angle A = -200o Solution to example 1: There is an infinite number of possible ansers to the above question since k in the formula for coterminal angles is any positive or negative integer. A positive coterminal angle to angle A may

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be obtained by adding 360o, 2(360)o = 720o (or any other positive angle multiple of 360o). A positive coterminal angle Ac may be given by Ac = -200o + 360o = 160o A negative coterminal angle to angle A may be obtained by adding -360o, -2(360)o = 720o (or any other negative angle multiple of 360o). A negative coterminal angle Ac may be given by Ac = -200o - 360o = -560o Example 2: Find a coterminal angle Ac to angle A = - 17 Pi / 3 such that Ac is greater than or equal to 0 and smaller than 2 Pi Solution to example 2: A positive coterminal angle to angle A may be obtained by adding 2 Pi, 2(2 Pi) = 4 Pi (or any other positive angle multiple of 2 Pi). A positive coterminal angle Ac may be given by Ac = - 17 Pi / 3 + 2 Pi = -11 Pi / 3 As you can see adding 2*Pi is not enough to obtain a positive coterminal angle and we need to add a larger angle but what is the size of the angle to add?. We need to write our negative angle in the form - n (2 Pi) - x, where n is positive integer and x is a positive angle such that x < 2 pi. - 17 Pi /3 = - 12 Pi / 3 - 5 Pi / 3 = - 2 (2 Pi) 5 Pi / 3 From the above we can deduce that to make our angle positive, we need to add 3(2*Pi) = 6 Pi Ac = - 17 Pi /3 + 6 Pi = Pi / 3

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Example 3: Find a coterminal angle Ac to angle A = 35 Pi / 4 such that Ac is greater than or equal to 0 and smaller than 2 Pi Solution to example 3: We will use a similar method to that used in example 2 above: First rewrite angle A in the form n(2Pi) + x so that we can "see" what angle to add. A = 35 Pi / 4 = 32 Pi / 4 + 3 Pi / 4 = 4(2 Pi) + 3 Pi /4 From the above we can deduce that to make our angle smaller than 2 Pi we need to add - 4(2Pi) = - 8 Pi to angle A Ac = 35 Pi / 4 - 8 pi = 3 Pi /4 Exercises: (see solutions below) 1. Find a positive coterminal angle smaller than 360o to angles a) A = -700o , b) B = 940o 2. Find a positive coterminal angle smaller than 2 Pi to angles a) A = - 29 Pi / 6 , b) B = 47 Pi / 4 Solutions to Above Exercises: 1. a) Ac = 20o , b) Bc = 220o 2. Find a positive coterminal angle smaller than 2 Pi to angles a) Ac = 7 Pi / 6 , b) Bc = 7 Pi / 4

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More references on angles.

Angles in trigonometry. Find the coterminal angle Trigonometry calculator. Find The Reference Angle Trigonometry calculator. Find the Quadrant of an Angle Trigonometry calculator.

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Find Reference Angle

Find reference angle Ar to a given angle A. What is the reference angle to an angle in standard position? If A is an angle in standard positon, its reference angle Ar is the acute angle formed by the x axis and the terminal side of angle A. See figure below.

Two or more coterminal angles have the same reference angle. Assume angle A is postive and less than 360 o (2Pi), we have 4 possible cases: 1. If angle A is in quadrant I then the reference angle A r = A. 2. If angle A is in quadrant II then the reference angle A r = 180 o - A if A is given degrees and A r = Pi - A if A is given in radians. 3. If angle A is in quadrant III then the reference

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angle A r = A - 180 o if A is given degrees and A r = A - Pi if A is given in radians. 4. If angle A is in quadrant IV then the reference angle A r = 360 o - A if A is given degrees and A r = 2Pi - A if A is given in radians. Example 1: Find the reference angle to angle A = 120 o. Solution to example 1: Angle A is in quadrant II and the reference angle is given by A r = 180o - 120o = 60o Example 2: Find the reference to angle A = - 15 Pi / 4. Solution to example 2: The given angle is not positive and less than 2Pi. We can use the positive and less than 2Pi coterminal Ac to angle A. Ac = - 15 Pi / 4 + 2 (2 Pi) = Pi / 4 Angle A and Ac are coterminal and have the same reference angle. Ac is in quadrant I, therefore A r = A c = Pi / 4 Example 3: Find the reference angle to angle A = - 30 o Solution to example 3: Angle A is negative, in quadrant IV and its absolute value is less than 90 o. Hence

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A r = | -30 o | = 30 o Exercises:Find the reference angle to angles 1. A = 1620o 2. A = - 29 Pi / 6 3. A = - Pi / 7 Solutions to Above Exercises: 1. A r = 25o 2. A r = Pi / 6 3. A r = Pi / 7

More references on angles.

Angles in trigonometry. Find The Reference Angle - Trigonometry calculator. Find the coterminal angle - Trigonometry calculator. Find the Quadrant of an Angle Trigonometry calculator.