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SIMPLE DIAGRAM OF A COAL-FIRED STEAM POWER PLANT FLUE GAS HEAT + CO2 + N2O+ CO+ NO2+SO2 OTHER POLLUTANTS
CHIMNEY
(PANGHAW)
FURNACE
(PUGON)
BOILER
(BUKALANAN SA TUBIG)
PUMP WORK
(Colorless)
ESP
Environmental impacts of coalfired power plant: fuel supply - Mining -- Washing --- Transport
Underground mining is one of the most hazardous of occupations, killing and injuring many in accidents, and causing chronic health problems. COAL TRANSPORT A typical coal plant requires 40 railroad cars to supply 1.4 million tons in a year. Railroad locomotives, which rely on diesel fuel, emit nearly 1 million tons of nitrogen oxide (NOx) and 52,000 tons of coarse and small particles in the United States. Dust blowing from coal trains contributes particulate matter to the air.
(Greenpeace) In the US , the 1.05 billion tons of coal burn each year contain 109 7,884 1,167 750 8,810 9,339 2,587 tons of tons of tons of tons of tons of tons of tons of MERCURY ARSENIC BERYLLIUM CADMIUM CHROMIUM NICKEL SELENIUM
Mountaintop Coal-Mining
NASA Image Captures Destruction of Island from Coal Mining A photograph taken by an astronaut on the International Space Station on March 31 captures a rare cloud-free glimpse of the Panian Coalfield, one of the largest coal mines in Asia and one of three coal operations on Semirara Island in the Philippines. The Semirara Mining Corporation, which operates the coal field, uses open-pit methods in which rock and soil are removed to reach coal seams below. In this image, released by NASA, several huge piles of rock and other mining debris can be seen ringing the northern half of the pit, with the dark coal seams visible along the southern wall of the mine. Also visible are plumes of sediment emanating from the piles of rock and soil known as overburden into the Sulu Sea off the islands northern coast. In recent years the mining company has denied allegations that waste from the coal operation has contaminated or damaged the islands coastal areas. The island is located about 174 miles south of Manila . Source: http://e360.yale.edu/content/images/0410-semirara-mining-nasa.html.
Accessed: 7/7/2010
Environmental impacts of coalfired power plant: fuel burning - Stack Emissions -- Waste Heat --- Solid wastes
MERCURY, 47 tons of ARSENIC, 8 tons of BERYLLIUM, 3 tons of CADMIUM, 62 tons of CHROMIUM , 52 tons of NICKEL, 184 tons of SELENIUM, and Greenhouse gases such
ESP
PER 1.05 billion tons of coal, 44 tons of MERCURY, 4,601 tons of ARSENIC, 970 tons of BERYLLIUM , 496 tons of CADMIUM , 6,275 tons of CHROMIUM , 6,533 tons of NICKEL, 1,305 tons of SELENIUM which are trapped with the ashes (Bottom ash and fly ash). Greenpeace
Important!
47.71% of MERCURY content of coal is emitted to the atmosphere during combustion 40.37% of MERCURY content of coal, by weight, is TRAPPED with the FLY & BOTTOM ASHES which are bound for disposal to the ASH POND
Proponent had distributed flyers claiming negligible emission of arsenic, lead, and cadmium. But, 58.35 % ARSENIC and 66.13% CADMIUM in coal are trapped with the fly ash and are bound for disposal to a LANDFILL
(7 hectares of unknown depth and without roof)
(EXECUTIVE SUMMARY, P. 4)
118m3/day
Operation
Heated Effluents
Wastewater
8.7m3/sec
260.4m3/day
751,680m3
68,790.4 gals.
27.44M m3
25.11 million gals.
0.01 kg/s TSP 0.12 kg/s SO2 0.05 kg/s NO2 53.34 kg/s CO2
315360 kg TSP 3,784 tons SO2 1,577 tons NO2 1,682,130 tons CO2
50% of Hg emitted from CFPPs can travel up to 600 miles (966 km) from source
NO2 (1,576,800kg/yr), SO2 (3,784,320kg/yr), CO2 (1,682,130,240 kg/yr) & Hg (3.33-13.91kg /yr), etc.
1,524,706 kg coal/day
Limestone
Fly ash (40,997 tons/yr) with Hg (2.81-11.77kg/yr) & other toxic matters such as arsenic, lead, etc.
40.37 % of Hg content of coal
Note: 45,412 tons of Ashes are for disposal in a 7 ha.-landfill without roof & unknown depth. Hg (61.8-259.2 ppb)
1 cu. meter of ash would range from 2100 3000 kg Therefore, 7 hectares landfill @ 20 meters deep may be filled with Coal Combustion By-Products in four (4) years.
ON CARBON SINK
A hectare of rubber trees (415 trees) can absorb 7.69 tons of CO2 per year
Coffee/cacao trees absorb approximate 70 tons CO2/yearhectare at 1100 trees per hectare
Mango (carabao)
http://www.mangoseedling.com/advocacies2.htmlhttp://www.mangoseedling.com
- 302 kg CO2/(tree)(yr)
For Mango, 1,682,130,240 kg CO2/yr would need 55,700 hectares @ 100 trees/ha. Coffee/cacao (shaded) - 70 ton CO2/(ha)(yr)@ http:/www.agrometeorology.org 1,100 trees per ha. 24,030 hectares is necessary to absorb the projected emission Proponents forestation is only 7,500 hectares. Pls. take note of
this!
INCREASING AMOUNT OF GHG CONSTANTLY DISRUPTED THE BALANCE CAUSING GLOBAL WARMING
OCEAN
2006, NEW BOOK OF POPULAR SCIENCE
THE OCEAN SLIGHTLY ABSORBS MORE THAN IT EMITS
SIMPLE DIAGRAM OF A COAL-FIRED STEAM POWER PLANT FLUE GAS HEAT + CO2 + N2O+ CO+ NO2+SO2 OTHER POLLUTANTS
CHIMNEY
(PANGHAW)
FURNACE
(PUGON)
BOILER
(BUKALANAN SA TUBIG)
PUMP WORK
Heat emitted to the surrounding air which is the main portion of the 400,000 kJoules per second
Water to boiler
Cold Air entering the Cooling Tower Waste Water Pond Condenser Cooling Tower
Recycled Cooling Water Make-up Cooling Water From Raw Water Source
Wastewater treatment
25 kg of woods/sec
or
90,000 kg of woods/hour
WATER CONSUMPTION
WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION AND CONDENSER COOLING WATER the power plant will need
(THIS HOURLY CONSUMPTION WOULD BE ENOUGH TO SUPPLY TO 30 HOUSEHOLDS WITH MONTHLY CONSUMTION OF 25 CUBIC METERS.)
Adverse Impacts of Coal-Fired Plants in the Philippines * Impacts on Health Due to Emitted Substances
Source: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry US Environmental Protection Agency
Wilson
Manuba, with his family. This Calancan Bay fisherman had his leg amputated due to arsenic poisoning
Sproule/Oxfam Australia
Photograph by David
= GROUNDLEVEL OZONE
Ozone respiratory irritant burning sensation & difficulty of breathing during exercise --high risk groups: children, elderly, persons w/ lung diseases, people who exercise outdoors
Inflammation of nose & lungs Triggering of asthma attacks Triggering of heart attacks in
people with heart ailments
Reproductive system
Muscle weakness
Minamata Disease
The US EPA has set a limit of 2 parts of mercury per billion parts of drinking water (2 ppb) The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has set a maximum permissible level of 1 part of methylmercury in a million parts of seafood (1 ppm).
LEAD
Lead is one out of four metals that have the most damaging effects on human health.
It can enter the human body through uptake of food (65%), water (20%) and air (15%).
Lead
From www.kdheks.gov/ables/images/later.gif
House
painter with wasted muscles and wrist drop affected by chronic lead poisoning
Photo credit: www.corrosion-doctors.org
Sual Location: Pangasinan Operator: TeaM Energy Corp Configuration: 2 X 647 MW Operation: 1999 Fuel: coal Boiler supplier: Stein T/G supplier: GEC_Alstom EPC: Alstom, Arup, Slipform Quick facts: Development started when Consolidated Electric Power Asia Ltd (a subsidiary of Hopewell Holdings) bid and won a $900mn BOOT tender for a 1,000-MW power station at Sual. Site prep started in 1995 and construction started in Feb 1996. The 30ha site is on Bangayao Point on Lingayen Gulf. The plant has wet limestone FGD scrubbers from Alstom.
Photograph courtesy of Sound Research Laboratories Ltd Posted 18 Oct 2006
Sample Number M10202 Description fly ash Power Facility Sual Element (dry wt) mg/kg Arsenic (As) Cadmium (Cd) Chromium (Cr) Lead (Pb) Manganese (Mn) Mercury (Hg) 8.4 =8.4 ppm <1 6 8 22 1.2
Total Hg (.0012*50000*6.47=388.2kg)
Mauban, Quezon Location: Quezon Operator: Quezon Power Ltd Configuration: 1 X 490 MW Operation: 1999 Fuel: coal Boiler supplier: FW T/G supplier: GE EPC: Bechtel Quick facts: This IPP on a 100ha site in Mauban has electrostatic precipitators, low-NOX burners, and an FGD scrubber. Union Bank of Switzerland agreed to underwrite up to $600mn of bank financing for the $860mn project, which also includes a 31km transmission line. The project has a 25yr PPA with Meralco. In late 1997, lead developer InterGen sold a 26% stake in Mauban to Global Power Investments LP, formed in 1994 by GE Capital, Soros Fund Management, and International Finance Corp. InterGen retains a 46% stake, with Covanta having a 26% share and PMR holding 2%. The plant has a long-term coal supply contract with Indonesias PT Adaro and Kaltim Prima and burns about 1.65mn tons per year. Dedicated port and coal handling facilities were built.
Sample Number M102013 Description fly ash Power Facility Mauban Element (dry wt) mg/kg
Arsenic (As) Cadmium (Cd) Chromium (Cr) Lead (Pb) Manganese (Mn) Mercury (Hg)
41.8=41.8ppm <1 49 0.002 lbs (1 gm) of Hg a year can 15 contaminate a 25 acre (10 ha) lake to the point where schools of fishes are 215 unsafe to eat 1.9
Total Hg(0.0019*50000*2.45=233kg
Masinloc Location: Zambales Operator: Masinloc Power Partners Co Ltd Configuration: 2 X 300 MW Operation: 1998-1999 Fuel: coal Boiler supplier: MHI T/G supplier: MHI, Melco EPC: Stone & Webster, Commonwealth Engineers, MHI Quick facts: In Dec 2004, PSALM awarded the Masinloc plant to a consortium of YNN Holdings Corp and Great Pacific Financial Group for $561.7mn. This was the largest sale by far to that date and was both double the next highest bid and substantially above the expected bid. In the event, the consortium could not consummate the sale and the plant was rebid in Jul 2007 and eventually sold to a consortium led by AES Corp. Financing closed in mid-April 2008, with the participation of the ADB, IFC and a syndicate of commercial banks. A new 600-MW unit is in planning.
Photograph courtesy of National Power Corp Re-posted 18 Oct 2006
Sample Number Description Power Facility Element (dry wt) Arsenic (As) Cadmium (Cd) Chromium (Cr) Lead (Pb) Manganese (Mn) Mercury (Hg)
0.002 lbs (1 gm) of Hg a year can contaminate a 25 acre (10 ha) lake to the point where schools of fishes are unsafe to eat
Total Hg (0.0012*50000*3=180kg)
Mindanao Location: Misamis Oriental Operator: STEAG State Power Inc Configuration: 2 X 116 MW Operation: 2006 Fuel: bituminous coal Boiler supplier: Kawasaki T/G supplier: Toshiba EPC: Kawasaki, Commonwealth Engineers Co Quick Facts: This plant at the Phivdec Industrial Estate near Cagayan de Oro City was approved by NPC and PSALM in Sep 2003. The lead financing was by Taiwans State Investment Trust which has an 11% stake in the project with STEAG taking an 89% stake. The project dates to 1996 when a 25yr PPA was signed. This was formalized in Oct 2001 and in Apr 2002, Kawasaki was awarded the EPC contract for the plant, which burns Indonesian coal. Construction started in Jan 2004 and the plant cost $305mn. Financial close was in Dec 2003 with a group of lenders including JBIC, Nippon Export and Insurance Corp,and Germanys KfW, Bayerische Hypo-und Vereinsbank, and Dresdner Bank.
Photograph courtesy of STEAG Posted 13 Jan 2007
BY STEAM
CONDENSER
CONDENSATE TO BOILER
TE
Table 1
The peak demand for the whole of Mindanao in 2006 & 2007
2007
2006
% change
6,643
6,466
2.74
1,102
1,066 1,228
3.38 1.06
Mindanao 1,241
Table 2
Capacity in
INSTALLED*
MW
DEPENDABLE**
n=
ln(1,681.08/1,241)/ln(1.03) = 10.3
In Year 2018, the peak demand will be approximately equal to the dependable power supply in Mindanao Grid. Except if a mining company
will be operated sooner.
Precautionary Principle
We should not proceed whenever there is no certainty for HEALTH and ENVIRONMENT
Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. , an environment lawyer, says, There is nothing radical about protecting water and air for our children, he said, adding that it is a false choice to either protect the economy or the environment. Our children are going to pay for our JOYRIDE.
We are great people- natural geniuses in our love of Mother Earth. After all, we live in the richest and most beautiful country on earth. However, some of our so-called leaders had distracted our focus to the false expense of the real wealth of life that lies in our land, our air, our waters and in our hearts
Quoted by: ANTONIO OPOSA Oposa Wins Environmental Law Award Philippine Daily Inquirer 15 April 2009
Wind Energy The best wind resource areas, principally good (utilityscale) to excellent (rural scale), in Southern Mindanao are the higher terrain areas east of Davao Gulf, along the mountains that separate Davao del Sur from southern Cotabato, west of Sarangani Bay, and west of Isulan. Two locations, Sharp Peak and Saddle Peak, in Davao del Sur, are classified as having an excellent wind resource
Sources: PEDP Sustainable Energy Development Program USAID & USDOE
This beautiful forest will remain as is even w/o CO2 supply from Coal-Fired Power Plant
Thank You For Opposing the Establishment & Operation of a Coal-Fired Power Plant!
Let us defend
NATURE & HUMANITY