GROTTAFERRATA TERZA SERIE VOL. 7 - 2010 SIGLE AASS = Acta Sanctorum (Antvepriae et alibi, 1643 e ss.) AB = Analecta Bollandiana ABl = Avorxto Botooev AB = Avorxto Kpuatorpp g ALW = Archiv fr Liturgiewissenschaft AOr = Anaphorae Orientales ASyr = Anaphorae Syriacae BBGG = Bollettino della Badia Greca di Grottaferrata BBTT = Belfast Byzantine Texts and Translations, Belfast 1991 ss. BHG, BHGa, BHGna = F. Halkin, Bibliotheca hagiographica Graeca, I-III (SH 8a), Bruxelles 1957 3 ; Id., Auctarium BHG (SH 47), Bruxelles 1969; Id., Novum auctarium BHG (SH 65), Bruxelles 1984. BMFD = J. Thomas A. Hero (edd.), Byzantine Monastic Foundation Docu- ments. A Complete Translation of the Surviving Founders Typika and Testa- Byz = Byzantion BZ = Byzantinische Zeitschrift CC = Corpus Christianorum CCG = Corpus Christianorum, series Graeca CCL = Corpus Christianorum, series Latina ed. J. Noret; Supplementum, edd. M. Geerard, J. Noret, J. Desmet (CC), CSCO = Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium CSEL = Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum CSHB = Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae Dmitr I-III = A. A. Dmitrievskij, i - , I, Tuaixo , Kiev 1899; DOP = Dumbarton Oaks Papers DOS = Dumbarton Oaks Studies EEBE = Eartgpi Etoipio Buovtivev Eaouoe v EL = Ephemerides Liturgicae EO = Ecclesia Orans Goar = J. Goar, Eu oo yiov sive Rituale Graecorum, Venezia 1730 2 (Graz GRBS = Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies JAC = Jahrbuch fr Antike und Christentum JLW = Jahrbuch fr Liturgiewissenschaft BELS = Bibliotheca Ephemerides Liturgicae, Subsidia ments, 5 voll. (DOS 35), Washington, D. C. 2000. CPG = Clavis atrum Graecorum, 5 voll., edd. M. Geerard, F. Glorie; vol. 3A P Turnhout 1974-2003. DACL = Dictionnaire d Archologie Chrtienne et de Liturgie II, Eu ooy io, Kiev 1901; III, Tuaixo, Petrograd 1917 (Hildesheim 1965). 1960). JB = Jahrbuch der sterreichischen Byzantinistik JThS = Journal of Theological Studies LEW = F. E. Brightman, Liturgies Eastern and Western, vol. I: Eastern Litur- LQ = Liturgiewissenschaftliche Quellen LQF = Liturgiewissenschaftliche Quellen und Forschungen LTK = Lexikon fr Theologie und Kirche MMB = Monumenta Musicae Byzantinae Mus = Le Muson Church, ed. Ph. Schaff, Grand Rapids Michigan, series 2, 1952- OC = Oriens Christianus OCA = Orientalia Christiana Analecta OCh = Orientalia Christiana OCP = Orientalia Christiana Periodica ODB = The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, edd. A. Kazhdan et alii, 3 voll., OKS = Ostkirchliche Studien OLA = Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta OSyr = LOrient Syrien PG = J.-P. Migne, Patrologiae Cursus Completus. Series Graeca, 1-161, Paris PB = Palaeobulgarica / PL = J.-P. Migne, Patrologiae Cursus Completus. Series Latina, 1-221, Paris 1844-1865 PO = Patrologia Orientalis POC = Proche-Orient Chrtien PTS = Patristische Texte und Studien QL = Questions Liturgiques REB = Revue des tudes Byzantines ROC = Revue de lOrient Chrtien RSBN = Rivista di Studi Bizantini e Neoellenici SA = Studia Anselmiana SC = Sources Chrtiennes SH = Subsidia Hagiographica SL = Studia Liturgica ST = Studi e Testi S&T = Segno e Testo ThQ = Theologische Quartalschrift NPNF = A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian gies, Oxford 1896 (1968). New York/Oxford 1991. 1857-1866.
TWO LEAVES OF A CALENDAR WRITTEN IN MIXED UNCIAL OF THE NINTH CENTURY
Stefano Parenti, Elena Velkovska
In his recent study on the paraphrase of the Iliad written by Hegu- men Sophronios, later Patriarch of Jerusalem from 841 to 860, and conserved in the contemporary manuscript Sinai gr. NE, 26, P. G. Nikolopoulos has added the ms. Sinai gr. 925 to the other witnesses of the text in mixed uncial 1 . In fact the codex containing a collection of kontav kia dates from the eleventh century 2 , and only the last two pa- per leaves, bound as fly-leaves (ff. 117 and 118), come from an older uncial manuscript. Having seen these leaves only on microfilm, it seems quite difficult to describe them in detail. Thus we have decided to limit the presenta- tion to the meagre data offered by the catalogues and the Checklist: the dimensions 175 x 140 mm 3 , obviously smaller than the original manuscript, due to the cutting of the codex, and the number of the lines oscillating between 14 and 16. The two leaves are remnants of the two central bifolia of a quire, as can be seen from the following drawing:
1 P. G. Nicolopoulos, LExhvghsi" de lIliade de Sophrone patriarche dAlexandrie (841- 860), Byz 73 (2003), 246-249. Cf. also the recent article of F. DAiuto, Un antico inno per la Resurrezione (con nuove testimonianze in scrittura mista darea orientale), RSBN 45 (2008)[2009], 3-153, here 11 and n. 11. 2 N. Livadara (ed.), Rwmanou' tou' Melwv/dou Umnoi, tovmo" trivto". Mevro" a, Kondakav - ria tou' Sina', Athens 1957, 5-104. 3 V. Gardthausen, Catalogus codicum graecorum Sinaiticorum, Oxford 1886, 107; K. W. Clark, Checklist of Manuscripts in St. Catherines Monastery Mount Sinai microfilmed for the Library of Congress, 1950, Washington 1952, 10; Livadara, Rwmanou' tou' Melwv/- dou Umnoi, 8; M. Kamil, Catalogue of All Manuscripts in the Monastery of St. Catharine on Mount Sinai, Wiesbaden 1970, 108. BBGG III s. 7 (2010), 297-305 298 STEFANO PARENTI - ELENAVELKOVSKA The script on both sides of the leaves belongs to the so-called ha- giopolite uncial and is very close to that of two bifolia of a menaion from the Greek manuscripts discovered on Sinai in 1975 4 , dated by Linos Politis to the ninth century 5 . Later Lidia Perria has defined the particularities of this mixed Sinaitic uncial more accurately, show- ing that it appears also sporadically in the ms. Vat. gr. 2200 6 as a type of writing rather limited in time and space, attested on Sinai between the end of the eighth and the beginning of the ninth century 7 . The definition mixed is due to the fact that in the prevalent inclined type of uncial, similar to the ogival, the cursive a and m are included and the shapes of the uncial kappa and lambda are very particular 8 . The publication of a first, essential inventory with photographic tables of the Sinaitic nev a euJ rhv mata has largely increased the number of mss. in mixed hagiopolite uncial, both on parchment and paper, and dated, as is our calendar, to the ninth century 9 . Our fragment is copied with the so called mixed script/writing, a hybrid variant of the ogival 10 , distinguished by the characteristic strong inclination, neat contrast between upstrokes and downstrokes, minuscule alpha and my. Among the mixed script/writing there are
4 Reproduction in: L. Politis, Nouveaux manuscrits grecs dcouverts au Mont Sina, Scriptorium 34 (1980), 5-17, tav. 8a; C. M. Mazzucchi, Minuscola libraria. Traslittera- zione. Accentazione, in Paleografia e Codicologia greca. Atti del II Colloquio interna- zionale (Berlin-Wolfenbttel, 17-21 october 1983), ed. D. Harlfinger, G. Prato with M. DAgostino e A. Doda. Alessandria, 1991, T. I - Testo, 41-45, T. II - Tables, 39, tav. 3. 5 Politis, Nouveaux manuscrits grecs, 13. 6 The codex is accurately described in: Bibliothecae Apostolicae Vaticanae Codices Manu Scripti Recensiti. Codices Vaticani Graeci. Codices 2162-2254 (Codices Columnenses). Recensuit S. Lilla, Citt del Vaticano 1985, 149-155. 7 L. Perria, Il Vat. Gr. 2200. Note codicologiche e paleografiche, RSBN 20-21 (1983- 1984), 25-68: 58-61, and also Ead. Il Vat. Palat. gr. 376, il Par. Suppl. gr. 1085 e la mi- nuscola antica di area palestinese, Ibid. 29 (1992), 59-76, esp. 63-64, 74-76. 8 L. Perria, Scritture e codici di origine orientale (Palestina, Sinai) dal IX al XIII secolo. Rapporto preliminare, Ibid. 36 (1999), 19-33: 21; Ead., Libri e scritture tra Oriente bizantino e Italia meridionale, ibid. 39 (2002) (= Giornata di studio in ricordo di Enrica Follieri, Roma, 31 maggio 2002), 157-188: 178, 179, but cf. also E. Crisci, Scrivere greco fuori dEgitto. Ricerche sui manoscritti greco-orientali di origine non egiziana dal IV se- colo a.C. allVIII d.C. Premessa di G. Cavallo (Papyrologica Florentina XXVII), Firenze 1996, 87 and note 312; pp. 95-96 and notes 369 and 371. 9 Sinai 29, 37, 48, 52, 81, 83, 82, 88, 91, 99, 109 (Holy Monastery and Archdiocese of Sinai, The New Finds of Sinai, Athens 1999, 49, 146, 150, 155, 160 and tables 61, 62, 68, 74, 96, 100, 116). Currently the best study is Perria, Scritture e codici di origine orientale, 27-28, while for a more accurate description of the contents see P. Ghin, S. Fryshov, Nouvelles dcouvertes sinatiques: A propos de la parution de linventaire des manuscrits grecs, REB 58 (2000), 167-184. 10 Perria, Il Vat. Gr. 2200, 58-61. TWO LEAVES OF A CALENDAR IN MIXED UNCIAL 299 two variants and the calendar belongs to the second one, better known and characterized by an even sharper modular contrast, finer lines and a typical flourished form of kappa 11 . As in many other mss. deriving from Mt. Sinai, one can also ob- serve an Arabic hand, in our case datable to the thirteenth century. It wrote in the margin the translation Ayyr (May), corresponding to the Greek title Mhni; mai?w/ hJ mev ra" la (f. 117 v ). We observe another mar- ginal note by a later Greek hand (10th-11th century?) in cursive on f. 117 r : tou' ... ktisfwn kai; tw'n su; n auj tw'/. This hagiographical data probably corresponds to the memory of St. Symeon Bar-Sabbe, bishop of Seleukia and Ktesiphon, with his martyr-companions, who are celebrated on 17 April 12 . In spite of the cutting of the leaves in order to match the measures of the new codex, not much has been lost from the original text; so to- day we can quite easily read the whole f. 117, and the recto page of f. 118. Its verso, however, is so scraped that the last editor was unable to publish anything of its contents 13 . Nevertheless, in spite of the poor legibility, even on the microfilm it is possible to distinguish at least nine lines that provide further two commemorations inedited until now. Besides, the examination of the text on the microfilm has shown some inaccuracies in Livadaras edition which leads us to offer a new edition. The text is given according to the internal division of the contents and does not follow the original lines; scraped off and cut letters are put in square brackets, larger portions of missing text are indicated by dots.
Sinai gr. 925, ff. 117-118
f. 117r
kg Tou' aJgivou kai; megalomavrturo" Gewrgiv ou.
ke Tou' aJ giv ou aj postovlou k(ai; ) euj aggelistou' Mavr- kou.
kz Mnhv mhn ej pitelou' men tou' aJ giv ou Rebrev bou tou' meto-
11 Perria, Libri e scritture, 179. 12 The date of his death is in fact 13 April 344 AD, while his companions were martyred the following year. See R. W. Burgess, The Dates of the Martyrdom of Symeon Bar Sab- bae and the Great Massacre, AB 117 (1999), 9-66. 13 Livadara, Rwmanou' tou' Melwv/dou Umnoi, 103-104. 300 STEFANO PARENTI - ELENAVELKOVSKA Tav. 1 Sinai gr. 925, f. 117 r TWO LEAVES OF A CALENDAR IN MIXED UNCIAL 301
f. 117v
f. 118r
f. 118v
f. 117v nomasqevnto" Cristofov rou tou' ej k gev nou" tw' n kuno- krav nwn* pevlonto" kai; th; n oJ do; n tou' marturivou badiv- santo" kai; su;n toi'" mavrtusin stefanwqev nto".
a Tou' aJ giv ou p(at)r(o; )" hJ mw'n Ieremivou tou' profhvtou.
b Tou' aJgiv ou p(at)r(o;)" hJmw'n kai; oijkoumenikou' dida- skavlou Aqanasivou ajrciepiskovpou Alexandreiv a" tou' ta; stovmata tw' n blasfhv mwn aijretikw' n toi' " yucw- felevsin aujtou' dov gmasin ej mfrav xanto" k(ai; ) ta; " tw'n ojrqodovxwn ejkklhsiva" tai'" aujtou' pn(eumat)ikai'" kai; iJ erai'" didaskaliv ai" sthriv xanto".
Tou' aJ giv ou kai; ejndov xou Iw; b tou' dikaivou kai; po- luav qlou tou' dia; th; n qeosev beian tou; " ej paiv nou" aj po; tou' q(eo)u' eijlhfovto" k(ai;) mwvlwpa" k(ai;) mavstiga" uJpomeiv nanto" uJpo; tou' peirastou' k(ai;) yucofqovrou diabovlou ejn tevknoi" k(ai;) kthvmasin k(ai;) plouv tw/ k(ai;) swv mati ij div w/ k(ai; ) dia; th'" ...reiv a" a{panta ... di- plasiasmo; n komiv santo" k(ai; ) to; n diav bolon katapa- thvsanto".
z Eorth; n ejpitelou' men tou' ejn oujranoi' " fanev nto" shmeivou tou' st(au)rou' w{ra/ trivth/ th'" hJmevra" ejn th'/ aJ giv a/ pov lei: ej pi; Kuriv llou tou' makariwtavtou pa- triavrcou Ierosoluv mwn.
h Tou' aJgivou kai; dedoxa...u Iwavnnou tou' aj postov lou k(ai;) maqhtou' tou' qeolov gou te k(ai; ) euj agge listou'.
...................
ib ..................
*to;n kunokranon. 302 STEFANO PARENTI - ELENAVELKOVSKA Before commenting on the few commemorations listed, we should ask what kind of document we are dealing with. In its present state the two leaves present part of a festal calendar, but it is impossible to tell whether this list was written as part of another book e. g., a menaion or as an independent unit. If the latter is true, we note that in the Greek tradition such examples are indeed very rare 14 . But these membra disiecta, bound in a Sinaitic kontakarion, offer an interesting particularity: in some cases they extend the simple commemoration to a real hagiographical note. At this point it becomes obvious that we are dealing with a parallel to the Georgian Calendrier from Palestine, published by Grard Garitte 15 . In this document the same characteristics can be found, although in a much more sporadic form 16 . Garitte has, of course, noted the relationship between the Georgian Calendar and manuscript P (Patmos 266) of the Synaxarion of the Great Church, a precursor of the yzantine synaxarion 17 , or, as Andrea Luzzi put it, an embryonic draft of a synaxarion 18 . In the li- turgical normative of the Patmos ms. there is a clear Palestinian ele- ment 19 , and this type of text presumably originated in the ninth, or, at the latest, in the first years of the tenth century 20 . Thus, there are three documents (Sin. georg. 34, Sinai gr. 925 and Patmos 266) conserving in different ways texts from such areas as Georgia, Syria, and Palestine that can all be situated in the orbit of, or are strongly influenced by the hagiopolite tradition in the broader sense of the term. Given that we are dealing with three different documents, the Sinaitic bifolium reflects an intermediary stage be- tween the Georgian calendar and the Patmos ms. as far as the exten- sions of the hagiographical notes are concerned.
14 J. Noret, Mnologes, Synaxaires, Mnes. Essai de clarification dune terminologie, AB 86 (1968), 21-24. 15 G. Garitte, Le calendrier palestino-gorgien du Sinaiticus 34 (X e sicle) (SH 30), Bruxelles 1958. 16 Garitte, Le calendrier palestino-gorgien, 20-21. 17 Ibid., 32. 18 A. Luzzi, Linflusso dellagiografia italogreca sui testimoni tardivi del Sinassario di Costantinopoli, in Id., Studi sul Sinassario di Costantinopoli (Testi e Studi Bizantino- Neoellenici 8), Roma 1995, 184-185, note 25. 19 H. Delehaye, Synaxarium Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae e codice Sirmondiano ... adiectis synaxariis selectis (Propylaeum ad Acta Sanctorum Novembris), Bruxellis 1902; J. Mateos, Le Typicon de la Grande glise. Ms. Sainte-Croix n 40, I (OCA 165), Roma 1962, XII. 20 A. Luzzi, Il semestre estivo della recensione H* del sinassario di Costantinopoli, in Id., Studi sul Sinassario di Costantinopoli, 5-6, note 3. TWO LEAVES OF A CALENDAR IN MIXED UNCIAL 303 The Sinaitic bifolium preserves the fragment of a calendar for April and May in the following order:
April
23. George the Megalomartyr 25. Mark the Evangelist 27. Christopher Kynokephalos 28. John the Catholic Monk
May
2. Athanasius of Alexandria 6. Job the Righteous 7. The Apparition of the Cross 8. John the Apostle
At first glance the commemorations of our calendar do not assist in connecting it to a specific geographic location, or perhaps more im- portantly to a particular liturgical tradition. The feasts and com- memorations of 23 and 25 April, as well as 2, 6, 7 and 8 May are in fact common to both the ancient hagiopolite rite and to the Byzantine rite. The other those of 27 and 28 April two deserve special atten- tion. In the synaxaria and in the few Byzantine menaia that have it, the feast of St. Christopher 21 is registered on 9 May 22 , while the Sinaitic bifolium put it on 27 April, as in the Syriac calendars 23 , in the marty- rologium of Rabban Sliba 24 , and in the Georgian Calendrier 25 an ulterior confirmation of its Near Eastern provenance. St. Christopher is also commemorated on 27 April in the Sinaitic Tropologion (Sinai gr. NE MG 56 + 5), copied in the ninth century for the cathedral of
21 The spellings of Christophers name before the baptism are different: there is also Revprebo", cf. F. Halkin, Saint Christophe dans le mnologe imprial, in Hagiologie byzantine. Textes indits publis en grec et traduits en franais (SH 71), Bruxelles 1986, 31-46: 32. 22 Cf. Delehaye, Synaxarium Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae, coll. 667-670; J. Kuli, Ri- cerca sulle commemorazioni giornaliere bizantine nei menei. Pontificio Istituto Orientale. Roma 1992, 148, where cod. Messina gr. 121 is cited. 23 F. Nau, Un martyrologe et douze mnologes syriaques (PO X, 1), Paris 1912 (Turnhout 1974), 76, 95, 99, 110, 121. 24 P. Peeters, Le martyrologe de Rabban Sliba, AB 27 (1908), 181. 25 Garitte, Le calendrier palestino-gorgien, 62 and 209-210. 304 STEFANO PARENTI - ELENAVELKOVSKA Jerusalem 26 , and this seems to be a decisive argument for the attribu- tion of the calendar to the hagiopolite tradition. However, the commemoration of the dormitio of a certain John with the unusual title catholic monk on 28 April is very curious. Among the mss. of the Synaxarium Ecclesiae Constantinopoli- tanae used by Hyppolite Delehaye only the Paris. Coislin 223 of 1300/1 (Mc), deriving from Mount Athos, shows the commemoration of John, Hegumen of the Monastery tw' n Kaqarw'n not on 28 but on 27 April 27 . On 27 April the saint is listed also in the synaxarion of Chifflet (Troyes 1204) 28 , and he is celebrated in the menaion Paris gr. 1573 from the fifteenth century 29 . In fact, the date of 27 April corre- sponds to the dies natalis of the monk John, but this kind of oscilla- tion is quite common in heortology. John of Irenopolis in the Decapoli, who was abbot of the monas- tery of the Catars in Bithynia from 805, had frequent contacts, some- times also conflictual ones, with Theodore of Studion. John had been in prison in 815 and in exile in 819 and 832 during the Second Icono- clasm. He died on 27 April 835 on the island of Aphysia in the Pro- pontide 30 . The synaxarium mentions him erroneously as one of the Fa- thers of the Second Council of Nicaea (787). Actually John was pre- sent, but only as a young man accompanying his master, not within the number of the Council patres 31 . The title kaqoliko;" monaco;" in our calendar can be understood as superior of a monastery, an un- common, but attested sense 32 . The feast of the dormitio of the hegu-
26 Cf. Holy Monastery and Archdiocese of Sinai, The New Finds of Sinai, Athens 1999, 154-155, tavv. 93-94, 98, and the corrections made by P. Ghin - S. Fryshov, Nouvelles dcouvertes, 177-78; O. Petrynko, Der jambische Weihnachtskanon des Johannes von Damaskus. Einleitung - Text - bersetzung - Kommentar (Jerusalemer Theologisches Fo- rum 15), Mnster 2010, 111-113. For the dates presented in the tropologion we rely on Alexandra Nikiforova, . 1975 - . , in press in - 6 (Moscow). We thank the author for allowing us to read her article prior to its publication. 27 Delehaye, Synaxarium Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae, coll. 631-634 (synaxaria selec- ta); cf. also De Sancto Ioanne Confessore Hegumeno Monasterii Catharorum, in AASS Aprilis, t. III, Antverpen 1675, 495-496. 28 F. Halkin, Distiques et notices propres au synaxaire de Chifflet, AB 66 (1948), 6. 29 Cf. Kuli, Ricerca sulle commemorazioni, 140. 30 D. Stiernon, Notice sur S. Jean higoumne du monastre de Kathara, REB 28 (1970), 111-127. 31 Delehaye, Synaxarium Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae, coll. 631-634 (synaxaria se- lecta). 32 G. W. H. Lampe, A Patristic Greek Lexicon, Oxford 1976 4 , 690-691. TWO LEAVES OF A CALENDAR IN MIXED UNCIAL 305 men of Kathara entered the liturgical calendar early. As suggested by Daniel Stiernon, the more common date of 4 February, under which the synaxarium commemorates the monk John of Irenopolis 33 , has to be put in relation to the translation of his relics from Afysia to Con- stantinople, and, after the final victory of Iconoclasm in 843, to his monastery of Kathara 34 . The solid Iconodule faith of the Sinaitic monks makes it highly probable that the name of John is to be found only in St. Catherines monastery, a first tangible sign of honour, to which our bifolium is a witness, although of a short duration 35 . Thus the period between 835 (death of the saint) and 843 (end of the Second Iconoclasm) represents also the terminus ante quem non for the dating of this text.
Pontificio Ateneo S. Anselmo, Roma Universit degli Studi di Siena