Securing Rural Livelihoods through Improved Smallholder Pig Production in Eastern and Southern Africa

A. Lee Willingham, Maria V. Johansen, Stig Thamsborg

Section for Parasitology, Health and Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg, Denmark and

The Cysticercosis Working Group for Eastern and Southern Africa

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The pig population in Africa increased 284% during the 20 year period 19801999 - far more than for any other livestock species during that time period and the trend continues.

Increasing popularity of pigs in ESA. Pigs are prolific!

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PIG PIG DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION IN IN AFRICA AFRICA

< 20,000 20,000 - 100,000 100,000 - 500,000 500,000 - 1 million 1 - 5 million > 5 million

Trend in pig population growth for individual Eastern and Southern Africa countries from 1961-2000 (FAO, 2001)

Mozambique Zimbabwe Zambia Tanzania Uganda Kenya 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1961 1980 2000

Pigs (x 1000)

Now estimate more than 1.7 million pigs in Uganda! Unofficial estimates of > 1.6 million pigs in Mozambique.

Farmers report serious obstacles to producing and marketing their pigs

M. Boa

Free-ranging most popular way of raising pigs

M. Boa

Mbulu

Main pig rearing areas of Tanzania

Mgeta Chunya Iringa Cysticercosis endemic No evidence cysticercosis endemic Songea

Consequences of obstacles to raising and marketing pigs

Reduced household income Loss of important protein source Reduction in trade Stigmatisation Incapacitation - lowered productivity Public health costs

Eastern and Southern Africa in general:

Lack of official slaughtering facilities for pigs Lack of official pork inspection and control Inadequate pork inspection guidelines
Clandestine livestock market in downtown Lusaka more than 20% of pigs infected with Taenia solium!

Great need to have a better understanding of pig rearing practices in ESA in order to improve them
Conduct a review of pig demography
How many pigs are there really in ESA? Where are they? What is their density?

Describe the pig management/marketing systems being practised Describe other relevant issues related to pigs and pork
Training courses/training centers National pork inspection and control guidelines Slaughtering facilities

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DANIDA-funded pilot study on improving smallholder pig health and production in Mozambique
Conducted in two districts (one in north; one in south) over a period of eighteen months Objectives:

Participatory workshops and field visits with farmers and extension officers, during which the farmers were able to put forward their suggestions for improving their farming operations Regional stakeholders workshop in Maputo
research and development priorities were identified opportunities for regional cooperation were discussed Major constraints for pig production: African Swine Fever Cysticercosis Nutrition

collect information about pig management and pig health in the family farming sector assist the participating farmers to identify problems and to find practical solutions to the problems

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Project proposal: Securing rural Livelihoods through Improved smallholder Pig Production in Mozambique and Tanzania (SLIPP)
Submitted to DANIDA with Tanzania and Mozambique partners in Feb 2009 for three years support under a call on food security Goal: develop and assess evidence-based, safe, humane and profitable smallholder pig production model systems, using locally available resources, involving private entrepreneurs to supply tools, and providing training and education from farm to university level Immediate objectives:
Key solutions to improved pig productivity, health, welfare, and product safety developed and assessed for effectiveness, efficacy, appropriateness and acceptability among smallholder pig farmers Capacity built to support sustainable development of safe, humane and profitable smallholder pig production

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Project proposal: Securing rural Livelihoods through Improved smallholder Pig Production in Mozambique and Tanzania (SLIPP)
Hypothesis is that the key to a high level of food security in this sector is:
1. Effective and efficient, safe and humane pig production through appropriate management and disease control, mainly aimed at African Swine Fever and Porcine Cysticercosis 2. Provision of slaughter facilities and appropriate meat inspection and handling of condemned carcasses 3. An effective marketing and retail system, e.g. transport, and cooling

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Project proposal: Securing rural Livelihoods through Improved smallholder Pig Production in Mozambique and Tanzania (SLIPP)
Work package 1. Smallholder pig production model systems (2 MSc)
Expected outputs: 1.1. Smallholder pig production model systems developed and approved by communities.

Work package 2. Assessment of intervention models (3 PhD + 3 MSc)

Expected output: 2.1. Effectiveness and efficacy of community approved smallholder pig production systems assessed. 2.2. Effectiveness and efficacy of specific control and prevention measures for pig diseases with emphasis on cysticercosis, other parasitic diseases and African Swine Fever assessed. 2.3. Impact of improved pig production systems on farmers livelihoods evaluated.

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Project proposal: Securing rural Livelihoods through Improved smallholder Pig Production in Mozambique and Tanzania (SLIPP)
Work packages 3. Training and technology transfer
Outputs: 3.1. Opportunities for development of technologies and products needed for promoting safe, humane, profitable, and acceptable small scale pig production identified. 3.2. Capacity built to locally support smallholder pig farmers, farm advisors/extension officers, meat inspectors and veterinarians on pig production, health, welfare and product safety. 3.3. Capacity strengthened to conduct research on pig production and health at partner institutions.

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SLIPP, if funded, will be helpful for providing further information concerning pig production systems in ESA. What is needed is a major regional initiative on understanding and improving smallholder pig systems in subSaharan Africa. Multilateral/Bilateral Donor Agencies and International Foundations/Organisations should consider this issue for future investment for livestock development assistance in Africa!

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Thanks for your attention!

Mange tak!