Nessie High Pressure Water Mist Components for Fire Fighting

Generally

Quick overview of the Nessie product portfolio used in Fire Fighting applications within Marine, Mobile and Spot systems typically protecting Engines, Turbines, Cable trays, CNC Machines, Computers, Fast Response Vehicles etc. Brief description of the functionality of High Pressure Water Mist for Fire Fighting. One supplier of components for High Pressure Water Mist Systems.

Benefits

Water Mist General The overall extinguishing principle of Water Mist Systems is that when a Water Mist is applied into the fire the Water Mist evaporates and turns into steam. This process is very energy demanding and the temperature of the fire is reduced dramatically and in the same process expands the Water Mist 1700 times which displaces the air from the fire and the two of the three main sources for fires are removed and the fire is extinguished. This process means that water consumption is typically reduced by 6-10 times compared to conventionally sprinklers and the Water Mist does insignificant damage to engines or hot metal as well as minimum cleaning is required when used in example Passenger Cabins, Hotels, Restaurants etc. The applications for Water Mist Systems is now expanding from the Marine and Offshore segments, where it has proven to increase the safety onboard, into segments like Tunnels, Mobile, Computer room and machine protection. The benefits for tunnels/underground transportation are the small amount of water required where the distribution of water is the main problem and by using high pressure the size in pipe installation is reduced significantly. On mobile system is it possible to build fast response vehicles carrying a small amount of water. Experience has shown that a fast response vehicle is 2-7 minutes earlier than
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conventional fire trucks and more that 50 % of the fires is extinguished before arrival of the conventional fire trucks. For computer room and spot protection is the insurance companies are now in favour of replacing conventional sprinklers for building protection combined with a High Pressure Water Mist System for spot protection of the most hazardous areas such as computes, tool machines, moulding machines etc. For architectural constructions where space is critical such as large window areas a High Pressure Water Mist is easy installed because of the small water usage, which results in very small pipe sizes. Hereby has fire protection system very little influence on the design, which gives the architect more freedom in the design. In addition has test shown that a High Pressure Water Mist is having a lot higher cooling effect on large window areas so a longer escape time can be established for large window areas. A complete model for Water Mist Fire Fighting Systems is not yet available but it seems that the smaller drops the better result. By using the smallest possible drops the least amount of water is used but small drops are difficult to give momentum due to their low weight, therefore is a High Pressure System the optimum solution today because the High pressure typically generates drops > 50 micron and gives the drops a required momentum for a reasonable reach.

Water as Fire Suppression Agent

Water is properly the most used agent for fire fighting which may be because of its availability and environmentally friendliness. When water evaporates it starts acting like an Inert gas although it cannot be considered as an inert gas one of the characteristics it the displacement of air, which is the fire fighting principle of inert gases. Comparing the technical constellation of water to other fire fighting agents water is one of the highest substances with regards to specific heat capacity and heat of evaporation as illustrated in below figure.
Fire Fighting Agents
Heat of Evap.

3000 2500 2000

kJ/kg

Spec. Heat Cap.

2 1,5 1 0,5 0
kJ/kg K

1500 1000 500 0

ge n 01 -2 27 e IG -5 4 W at Ar go n O 2 d Bl en ito 13 N n FC FC al o H C H H al o n 13 C 01 A a er 1

Cooling effect Because of the high Heat of Evaporation the absorption of heat from the fire causes a rapid cooling of the fire. This heat absorption capacity when Water Mist is transferred into water vapour/steam from 25 C is 2500 kJ or approximately 6 times higher than the heat absorption for CO2. Compared to conventional sprinklers where the predominately cooling effect is reached by boiling the water, where the energy required for raising the temperature from 20 C to100 C for 1 litre of water is 27 kJ.

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Inert effect The main difference from water to gasses is that water only starts acting like an inert gas when heat transfers the water mist into water vapour/steam. Because the more common used liquids have a lower boiling point at atmospheric these liquids is transferred into gasses when released into the atmosphere and does not require a heat source, which is illustrated below.
Agent IG-541 (Inergen) CO2 Halon 1301 HFC-227ea (FM 200) Halon 1211 Water Boiling point at atmospheric pressure [C] -196 -79 -58 -16 -4 +100

The Water Mist Paradox The experience with using and testing Fixed Installed Water Mist Systems for fire fighting is that large fires are extinguished easily but very small fires are difficult or almost impossible to extinguish. The reason for this paradox is related to the boiling point of water and the required energy for evaporation is not present at a small fire. The experience from tests is that a small fire will be kept under control and in most cases is the small fire extinguished. Water Mist Flooding With a very fine Water Mist there is the possibility that the drops will float with the airflow and as the fire requires air the very small drops will float to the air and may result in a similar result as a full flooding agent. To achieve the droplets to float with the air the droplets must be <50 m or smaller because the evaporation of larger drops is influenced by the gravity and a float process becomes unrealistic.

Regulations

Marine (SOLAS II-2) International Marine Organisation regulations MSC Circ. 668, MSC/Circ. 728 & MSC/Circ. 913 ensure that machinery spaces on vessels are protected effectively against damage caused by fast spreading class B fires. The regulations specifies a full flooding system and the tests for Water Mist Systems is split into three engine room sizes: Class 1: 500 m. Class 2: 3000 m. Class 3: > 3000 m. So far has only Class 2 engine protection been successfully tested with Water Mist System. MSC/Circ. 913 states that all engine rooms above 500 m must have a water based system installed for spot protection of hazardous areas in addition to a gas based full flooding system according to the following specifications: New passenger ships > 500 gross tonnes by June 2002. New cargo ships > 2,000 gross tonnes by June 2002. Existing passenger ships > 2,000 gross tonnes by January 2005. One of the reasons, besides the fact that < 90 % of all fires on ships starts in the engine room, for this regulation is that gas protected engine rooms have a very specific procedure to release the gas system which normally takes 10-20 minutes, where Water Mist Systems can be released immediately and automatically after detecting the fire, which typically takes 10-30 seconds after detecting the fire. The final result in case is saving life and ship and quick repair which reduces the amount of lost revenue dramatically.

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Mobile Systems The approval for mobile systems is typically approved in each country and a general approval is therefore not an option. Land based systems Approvals is done from case to case by practical tests. In certain areas have the insurance companies offer premium reduction because if installation of High Pressure Water Mist Systems because if the reduced risk water damages.

Standards The only existing standard for installation of Water Mist Fire Suppression Systems today is NFPA 750. Related links to Water Mist Homepages: Danfoss: IWMA: IMO: NFPA: UL: STUVA: Sintef: DBI: SP: www.danfoss.com/Nessie/FireFighting/index.asp www.iwma.net www.imo.org www.nfpa.org www.ul.org www.stuva.de www.sintef.no www.brandteknisk-institut.dk www.sp.se

Links

Components In the following is a short technical description made, covering the most common products used in Fire Fighting Systems. For additional products and further details please contact the Danfoss, Nessie sales organisation.

Pumps The PAH series pumps are designed to supply water flow under high pressure and is based on the axial piston principle enabling a very light and compact design. The pumps are designed with a very high level of total efficiency and for maintenance free operation with all mowing parts being lubricated by the water. The pumps are fixed displacement pumps where the flow is proportional to the number of revolutions of the input shaft and the pumps displacement.

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Benefits Self lubricating by the water. I.e. No maintenance required in the field (Oil change), High reliability, No risk of mixing oil and water. High efficiency (Total > 92 %). I.e. Energy savings, Reduced installation cost. Low weight and compact. I.e. Easy installation. High Shaft Speed (> 1800 rpm). I.e. Direct mounting to el-motor/combustion engine, Reduced installation cost, No maintenance in the field, High reliability. Very low pressure ripples (< 2 %). I.e. No need for pulsation dampeners, Reduced risk for water hammer. Stainless steel (AISI 304) housing. Shock tested to 40g in x-y-z direction. Technical data: PAH pumps
Geometric displacement [cm3/min-1] Max. Pressure Cont. ]bar] 1) Max. Pressure Peak [bar] Max. shaft speed [min-1] 2) Min. shaft speed [min-1] Flow at 1500 min-1 3) [l/min] Weight [kg]
1) 2)

10
10 160 220 1800 700 13.5 7.7

12.5
12.5 160 220 1800 700 17 7.7

25
25 160 220 1800 700 34 9.7

32
32 160 220 1800 700 44 9.7

50
50 160 220 1800 700 70 32

63
63 160 220 1800 700 86 32

70
70 160 220 1800 700 97 32

80
80 160 220 1800 700 112 32

For higher pressure, please contact Danfoss Sales Organisation. For higher or lower shaft speed please contact Danfoss Sales Organisation. 3) Flow at maximum pressure continuously.

Temperature: Water temperature: Min. +3C to max. +50C at max. pressure continuously. Ambient temperature: Min. +0C to max. +50C. Storage temperature: Min. -40C to max. +70C.

Filtration: The applied water must be filtered through a 10 m abs., 10-value >5000 filter. Code numbers: PAH pumps Order code number PAH 10 180B0008 PAH 12.5 180B0007 1) PAH 25 180B0015 1) PAH 32 180B0016 PAH 50 PAH 63 180B0040 PAH 70 180B0042 PAH 80 180B0041 1) Housing in aluminium.

Additional technical data: For further information such as Efficiencies, Suction pressure, Noise levels, Installation, Mounting, Water types etc please refer to TechNote Nessie Pumps DKCFN.PD.010.A4.02.

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Valves A complete range of relief-, solenoid & check valves are available in standard housings and custom designed multi functional blocks. The standard valves are made in AISI 304 stainless steel with AISI 316 as optional. The solenoid valves are ON/OFF types with coils in IP 67 enclosure and a range of EEx coils is also available.

Pressure setting valves: Type:

Maximum flow [l/min] Pressure range Adjustable [bar] Connecting Ports Weight Order code number

VRH 30
30 25-140 G 3/8 180G0030

VRH 60
60 25-80 G 1/2 180G0002

VRH 60
60 80-140 G 1/2 180G0003

VRH 120
120 25-80 G 3/4 180G0020

VRH 120
120 80-140 G 3/4 180G0021

For further technical information please refer to TechNote WN.30.A4.02

None return valves: Type:

Maximum flow [l/min] Max. pressure [bar] Opening pressure [bar] p at max. flow [bar] Connecting Ports Weight Order code number

VCH 30
30 300 0.5 2.5 G 3/8 0.3 180G0030

VCH 60
60 300 0.3 2.5 G 1/2 0.4 180G0002

VCH 120
120 300 0.3 2.5 G 3/4 0.6 180G0003

Solenoid valves: The comprehensive range of solenoid operated sectional valves with features such as Manual bypass is available and is based on the well proven valves for High Pressure Water Systems. The valves are made in AISI 304 as standard and are available in AISI 316 on request. The coils are ON/OFF type and are available as AC and DC coils for almost all possible voltages and is also available for Eex applications.

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Technical data In line and angle valves Type: VDHT 3/8 EA 2/2 NC
Maximum flow Maximum Pressure Pressure drop at Max flow Connecting Ports Weight Order code number Order code number with manual bypass 30 l/min 140 bar 3.5 bar G 3/8 1.2 kg 180L0100 Not available

VDHT 3/8 E 2/2 NC

30 l/min 140 bar 2.4 bar G 3/8 1.2 kg 180L0092 Not available

VDHT 1/2 EA 2/2 NC

60 l/min 140 bar 5.8 bar G 1/2 1.2 kg 180G0102 Not available

VDHT 1/2 E 2/2 NC

60 l/min 140 bar 5.3 bar G 1/2 1.2 kg 180L0094 Not available

VDH 120 E 2/2 NC

120 l/min 140 bar 6.0 bar G 1/2 1.8 kg 180L0001 180L0020

In line and angle valves Type: VDHT 1 EA 2/2 NC

Rated flow Rated Pressure Pressure drop at Max flow Connecting Ports Weight Order code number Order code number with manual bypass 150 l/min 140 bar 4.0 bar G 1 kg T.B.A Not yet available

VDHT 1 E 2/2 NC
150 l/min 140 bar 6.0 bar G 1 kg T.B.A Not available

Multi block valves with 2-5 valves Type: VDHT 60 EA 2/2 NC

Rated flow Rated Pressure Pressure drop at Max flow Connecting Ports Weight Order code number Order code number with manual bypass 60 l/min 140 bar 5.8 bar G 3/8 1/2, 3/4 & 1 Depending on no of valves T.B.A. Not available

VDHT 150 EA 2/2 NC

150 l/min 140 bar 5.0 bar G 3/4, 1 & 11/4 Depending of no of valves T.B.A. Not yet available

Coils for solenoid valves Type: 10 Watt AC Coils

Available voltage Available frequencies Enclosure Connection Ambient temp. Weight Order code number 24, 48, 110, 230, 240 Volt 50 & 60 Hz IP 67 Terminal box 80 C 0,30 kg T.B.A at specification

18 Watt DC Coils
12 & 24 Volt IP 67 Terminal box 50 C 0,30 kg T.B.A at specification

Eex Coils
24 Volt DC & 230/240 volt AC 50 & 60 Hz IP 67 5 meter cable 40 C 0,35 kg T.B.A at specification

For further technical information please refer to Tech Note WN.30.A4.02.

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Nozzle inserts: Nozzles have been a Danfoss specialty for decades. They are tailored for High Pressure Water application, and is special designed for Fire fighting sprinkler head application and portable hand guns. The droplet size delivered depends exclusively on the nozzle pressure. High pressure causes smaller droplets, and smaller droplets mean faster evaporation or steam generation.

Technical data
Liter Liter US Gallon US Gallon Spray per min. per hour per min per hour angle 0.42 25.2 0.11 6.6 60 0.92 55.2 0.24 14.4 60 1.25 75.0 0.33 19.8 60 2.17 130 0.70 42.0 60 2.87 172 0.76 45.6 60 3.13 188 0.83 49.8 60 3.36 202 0.89 53.4 60 5.74 344 1.52 91.2 60 2.38 130 0.70 42.0 80 -Liters and gallons per min is measured at 100 bar. -Ordering codes is for 10 pieces pack. Max. pressure 130 bar 130 bar 130 bar 130 bar 130 bar 130 bar 130 bar 130 bar 130 bar Ordering code 180Z1910 180Z1915 180Z1918 180z1924 180Z1926 180Z1937 180Z1927 180Z1931 180Z2024

Material The nozzle part is made in AISI 316 stainless steel and the housing part in AISI 303 Stainless steel with an outer thread of M13x1. On request also available in AISI 316. Strainer The strainer is 140 mesh based on 90 micron tread and 130*130 micron gabs. Drop size The measurements is based on average measurements from different nozzle inserts: Pressure 40 bar Drop size < 10 m 0.5 % Drop size 10 m 30 m 10.5 % Drop size 30 m 50 m 38 % Drop size 50 m 80 m 31 % Drop size 80 m 200 m 20 % Vertical 1) reach

20-50 cm 100 bar 2% 30 % 65 % 3% 0% 200-400 cm 1) A longer reach is possible with more Nozzle inserts mounted in a Nozzle Head.

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Power packs A large range of standard power packs and custom designed power packs are available with 25, 50 and 200 litre water tank. The power packs are available as base units or complete including electric control box as a ready to use unit. Stationary units available with single and three phase electric motors with IEC or NEMA connection. Mobile units are available with combustion engines or DC motors. Custom designed tanks and units are available in larger quantities.

Benefits: Assembled and tested unit ready for use. Includes filling and filtration system. High reliability. Compact design with submerged pumps. Long time storage stability.

Technical data 25 litre tank: Flow range Adjustable pressure range 1) Maximum dimensions [W * D * H] Maximum power capacity
1)

4 30 l/min 25 140 bar 0.60 m * 0.30 m * 0.70 m 3 kW / 4 hp

Standard unit excluding control box.

Technical data 50 litre tank: Flow range Adjustable pressure range 1) Maximum dimensions [W * D * H] Maximum power capacity
1)

4 45 l/min 25 140 bar 0.85 m * 0.40 m * 0.70 m 7.5 kW / 10 hp

Standard unit excluding control box.

Technical data 200 litre tank: Flow range [l/min] Maximum pressure [bar] 1) Maximum dimensions [W * D * H] Maximum power capacity (1 el-motor) Maximum power capacity (2 el-motors)
1)

4 220 l/min 25 140 bar 1.10 m * 0.51 mm * 1.20 mm 30 kW / 40 hp 2 * ( 7.5 kW / 10 hp )

Standard unit excluding control box.

DK - 6430 Nordborg Denmark

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