SRTM elevation and coastline maps

Niels G. Mortensen & the WAsP team

Outline
Introduction to SRTM mission and elevation data How to get SRTM data Conversion to WAsP maps SRTM maps p are not (y (yet) ) complete p Pitfalls Be careful! WAsP and raster maps

DTU Wind Energy

Course 45700

Jan 2012

Shuttle Radar Topography Mission

Space Shuttle February 2000 Radar interferometry technique Resolution ~ 2525 m2 80% of the Earths land mass 9 terabytes of raw data Grid G id point i t elevations l ti f for every 1 arc-sec (~30 m) for USA 3 arc-sec (~90 m) outside Vertical accuracy 5-10 m (z) Unedited and finished data (v 2.1) Digital Surface Model rather than Digital Elevation Model For more information, visit http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/

DTU Wind Energy

Course 45700

Jan 2012

SRTM coverage map

Colour indicates number of passes by space shuttle Endeavour

4 DTU Wind Energy Course 45700 Jan 2012

Hand-digitised and SRTM maps

3110 3110

Gulf of Suez
3100 3100

Gulf of Suez

N
3090 3090

North hing [km]

NW

North hing [km]

NW

3080

Gulf of El-Zayt

3080

Gulf of El-Zayt

3070

Ras El-Behar

3070

SW

SW

Ras El-Behar

520

530

540

550

560

520

530

540

550

560

Easting [km]

Easting [km]

Hand-digitised
5 DTU Wind Energy

SRTM map
Course 45700 Jan 2012

Example from Portugal

Hand-digitised map Station Port 06 Port 07 Port 08 Port 09 Port 10 Elevation [m a.s.l.] 933 982 1047 1082 1012 RIX [%] 25 29 17 9 9 SRTM map Elevation [m a.s.l.] 930 980 1040 1070 1010 RIX [%] 28 33 18 10 11 Wind U10 [m/s] 4.49 5.16 6.06 5.84 5.56

DTU Wind Energy

Course 45700

Jan 2012

SRTM and reference maps

Reference z is from DXF map by IGeoE Unedited SRTM processed like described above Spacing of grid points is 100 m Difference is calculated as = z zref for each grid point and coloured, see colour scale. scale = 2.5 m = 5.7 m -scale scale in [m]

DTU Wind Energy

Course 45700

Jan 2012

Map characteristics

Hand-digitised from 1:25,000 maps 50- and 10-m height contours Spot elevations
8 DTU Wind Energy

Contoured from SRTM data (Surfer) 10-m height contours all over Spot elevation (mast only) added
Course 45700 Jan 2012

Comparison of WAsP cross-predictions

10 Up @ 10, 50, 100 m Y = 0.99 X + 0.08

Pred dicted wind speed (SRTM ma aps) [ms-1]

3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Predicted wind speed (handmade maps) [ms-1]

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Three sample 20-MW wind farms

Turbine type Rated power Hub height Total net AEP g [ [GWh] ] Range SRTM maps* Total net AEP Range [GWh] Gamesa G47 30660 kW 50 m a.g.l. 57.7 GWh 1.77-2.17 = -0.9% 57.2 GWh 1.76-2.18 Nordex N62 161300 kW 69 m a.g.l. 56.8 GWh 3.10-3.99 = -0.4% 56.6 GWh 3.19-4.07 Enercon E66 111800 kW 67 m a.g.l. 58.3 GWh 5.11-5.43 = -1.7% 57.3 GWh 5.17-5.44

* Details only added around the met. station not the turbine sites!

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DTU Wind Energy

Course 45700

Jan 2012

Transformation to WAsP maps

SRTM grid coordinates are non-projected (latitude, longitude). Horizontal H i t l reference f system t (d (datum) t ) is i WGS84 Vertical reference system is the EGM96 geoid Transformation from SRTM data to WAsP map consists of two tasks: Transformation of coordinates to metric system Construction of height contours (vector) from grid data (raster) Map examples shown above have used Geo-projection utility or Map editor for coordinate transformation Surfer 9 (Golden Software) for contouring (see www.wasp.dk) Other software exist to view and transform SRTM data, such as Global Mapper 11 (commercial, Global Mapper Software LLC) Saga GIS (free (free-ware, ware, Univ. of Gttingen, procedure on WAsP web)

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DTU Wind Energy

Course 45700

Jan 2012

Construction of height contours from grid data

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DTU Wind Energy

Course 45700

Jan 2012

Download SRTM data from web site

http://dds.cr.usgs.gov/srtm/version2_1/
File name represents lower lowerleft (LL) corner of 11 degree tile HGT format is similar i il t to th the GTOPO30 DEM format which is supported by e.g. Surfer Coastline data exist as well on web site (SWBD) Some void-filled data sets exist as well, e.g. CGIARCSI 4

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DTU Wind Energy

Course 45700

Jan 2012

SRTM data conversion be careful!

The result is a WAsP ASCII map that can be used for WAsP analysis and/or application. application If spikes and voids represent large problems, the more comprehensive method described at www.wasp.dk could be used. Do remember... that the SRTM elevation data have not been tested in all parts of the world for WAsP modelling. modelling that when you carry out a WAsP project, you are in charge and responsible for evaluating the WAsP inputs and the results including the availability and quality of SRTM data. More data sets are coming ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model

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DTU Wind Energy

Course 45700

Jan 2012

ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM)

Earths land surface between 83N and 83S (99%) 11 degree tiles in GEOTIFF format, 1 arc-sec resolution (~ 30 m)
15 DTU Wind Energy Course 45700 Jan 2012