_u

--

APPBECIATlOII fOil EllGIIlEUS

INSPECTION & MAINTENANCE OF DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS

Preventive Maintenance (PM) programs for distribution substations, overhead lines and equipment are designed to achieve the following goals: 1. Reduce hazard to life and property due to equipment failure. 2. Provide safe and reliable power supply to Customers minimizing power interruptions due to equipment failure for lack of maintenance. 3. Attain expected lifetime operation of distribution equipment, thus providing reasonable return on capital. 4. Develop statistics on distribution equipment or component performance to improve system safety and reliability. Manual (DMM-OI-01) provides general guidelines for the inspection and maintenance of substation equipment on distribution feeders rated 34.5 kV or below consist of any of the following: 1. Ground mounted substations, indoor and outdoor, with RMUs. 2. Ground mounted package substations with MV air break switchgear 3. Ground mounted compact substations with MV switchgear. 4. Pole mounted substations with transformer on a platform and controlled by an RMU or Cutout Fuses. Table 4.1-1 Guidelines for Inspection and Maintenance of Substation Equipment.

231

APPRECIITlOIFOR EIIGIIlEERS

EquJpme...,~ Substation Building

2 13.8 kV RMUIEOS (Lucy. :g$yt'olle, MGfEPS) Oif and SF!:> gas type '13.8 kV S1=6 C:ircuit6neakiiltlri!<u"tcl l.oadbreak SWitc:hes. O1stribution TransfOn:ner (including those with efbOw'terminatiorO co(tneded to]hefus$:dtapof RMU
4 5 Oistritn,JIOOn. aCB etc.) (ec9. Pan~ Yorkshire. ASB,

Yearly Inspection

Ev~

2 Years

Maintenance based on.lnspection Report. (No fixed maintenance cycle)

tnspedion

Ma1in~ce"
Te$ting

..

Qoil Sarn,pfe

(OST)

tnspedion

Maintenance ...QST

"'#

Inspe<::tion I~on.
0peI'ati0n General Cleaning I~ Operation Maiinte~ .&

Maintenance

Mait"lteoatnce .. OST + Special M~-

I..oedbreak s\".nt~ (ASS" Siemens)

& Mainten$OCe

AtJto.Cllangaover

Sl.Yitch

Inspection and QJ::>e.-atkm Chad<

OST

Maintenance

Eqtdpmer'tt I...iveFront compact Substation (MV sWlches insideTIF tank)

Yearly

Every 2 Years

Every 6 Years

tnspectloo

Maintenance +OST
Maintenance of Ebaws (Every .3 years)

Dead Front Tnmsfo1'mer (elOO\*ltarrotrtation without RMU)

.nspedioo

Maintenance of Tmnsfonner +OST MaIntenance +OST

Subs~Uoo (Air* InspediOl1 meek MV switches IDsida endosure) 12 A.B, Chance.. tVSand G&WSwitd1es

Ma~nc$

Inspection

Maintenance ...OST + Maintenance of ElboWS Maintenance

Mainl:enMce ... OST (forG.E") Maintenance (Every 8 yeam)

13
14

S&CandG.E,Pad* mountad S\'VitChes

Overhead Une Subsmd.Battory

Inspection

Inspection

and

Maintenan~

(Monthly)

OST:Oi't Sam~:e Testffing '* 7 ye:.::u"$ fOI'Lucy OUType RMU. connoctod transform.,. .& LV panel.. '# Oil :sampl\t!lll TQ:sttng QV''fbry 14 Y'fb~l"$fo,. tr~n1dormQ" c:onnQdCKito l.ucy Oil TypeRMU and each 12 yeam for tTan::M'onner connected to SF'S TypeRMU.

232

APPRECIATION FOil ENGINEERS

,"

RMU SWITCHGEAR INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE The Distribution Maintenance Manual (DMM-02-02) provides precise and adequate information on the planned Inspection and Maintenance of 11/13.8 kV RMU switchgear. Preventive Maintenance is the practice of conducting routine inspections, tests and the servicing of power distribution facilities, consistent with good economics, so that impending faults can be detected and reduced or eliminated. Whilst equipment deterioration is normal, equipment failure is not inevitable. MINI-PILLAR INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE The Distribution Maintenance Manual (DMM-02-05) sets out a guideline and procedure for inspection and maintenance of Mini-pillars in service in order to achieve reliable performance and optimum service life. The Mini-pillar is one of the major components of SEC LV Distribution networks. Preventive Maintenance is the practice of conducting routine inspections and servicing of power distribution facilities so that impending faults can be detected and reduced or eliminated. INSPECTION OF MINI-PILLAR Routine inspection of each Mini-pillar in service should be carried out as follows:

.
.

Costal/High Humidity Areas Metal enclosure once every four (4) years Fiber enclosure once every six (6) years
Other Areas

Metal enclosure once every five (5) years Fiber enclosure once every six (6) years OVERHEAD LINE PATROLLING The Distribution Maintenance Manual (DMM-03-01) provides precise and adequate information on the overhead network patrolling. Overhead networks, because of their exposed nature, can very easily develop additional problems, apart from the normal deterioration of network components. These include:
233

APfRECIATlOUOR ENGINEERS

.
.

Inadequate clearance over roads, over or near new. Buildings, trees and structures. Storm/lightning damage. Third party damage / interference.

. .

The scheduling of the overhead line maintenance is based on the information recorded on the patrol sheet. Likewise the materials, equipments and tools required to effect the necessary repairs should be evident from the patrol sheet.

TYPES OF PATROLLING Two types of periodic patrolling are carried out on the overhead distribution line system, as follows:

Safety Patrol
This patrol is carried out to ensure safety to the public by the visual detection of possible hazards. The patrol in open country, desert village and suburban area will be conducted from a vehicle. In congested area, it will be sometime necessary to carry out the patrol on foot.

Detailed Patrol
This patrol is carried out on foot along the route of a line in conjunction with planned maintenance. The purpose of this patrol is to detect network defects and interference prior to the start of planned maintenance on that section of line. Items to be covered in this patrol are detailed in Fig. 4.1-25.

234

APPRECIATIONfO ."

Am
Di;ii$OO:

Detailed Sheet
,:
j14Wims.
I

Pug& Of

Fee.dEldN:afueJararimPo. 1# PoIa'

P<e$

+=+=t
I !n$titl.ofS I f CrossAtm$ ,t&IP,.,.,

il=)
P<eG
&

u$"
H6m&m1

1lt t

-P~
Of

. ;n,IGmI'Qe:;j !R#bJGW
.23friDhIafI GIN

.24

.wn

25'lPMde8am&r Post

A 213

~~:
IPOf.e#
!Pole NumOOf"$

Detailed Sheet
'1"",,,-: I
I

I }': \\'1rM

( )3WifeS

I
I

I
I

I
I

I
I

0 Fuse Culouts

- - u

/Equipment

Cabf&R~

Condl.ldOrS PofaNumbers
;

,*-lI'WIf$.HQ,
Llat" I~F.
'

I"'""
.

~.~~17t-~~('frb'RUSH,
._"",'''''''''_~T''''''''''''''-

(2)10(

Md OfO!-tJ....

"""-"""'----

Fig. 4.1-25 Detailed Patrolling Sheet (cont'd) 235

mREeI4T10BJORENGINEERS 'II:lU,.lII~;I'I.i

236

,or ',,1'
REVIEW EXERCISE
1. Match the left and right column shown below.
1. A padlocked hinged flap 2. Interlock lever 3. Striker pin fuses 4. Room substation. 5. Platform mounted transformers

APPRECIATIONFORENGINEERS

A) The operation of anyone fuse operating on a trip bar gives triple pole tripping of the switch fuse. B) Restricts access to the operating shafts of the switches. C) prevents the switch being operated through from ON to EARTH D) Supply LV network in residential and commercial areas. E) The high tension is supplied to the transformer either by overhead lines or by underground cables from an RMU. F) High tension is supplied to the transformer by UIG cable G) Installed outdoor to receive incoming cables from the LV panels and outgoing cables for service connections.

6. Dedicated sls
7. Unit substations

8. Pad mounted transformer

H) Installed in consumer's building, used for schools, apartment buildings, commercial buildings, industrial buildings and compounds.

9. Mini-pillars

I) For one customer.

2. Read the following statements then choose TRUE or FALSE

1. (SF6)is an inert, light gas having bad dielectric and arc extinguishing properties. 2. Same SF6gas is recirculated in the circuit, hence the big requirement of SF6 gas. 3. The maintenance required for RMU switch is minimum. 4. The life of metallic parts and contacts are longer in SF6 gas. 5. SF6 is a gas at low temperature and pressure. 6. Moisture has low effect to the properties ofSF6 gas. 7. The SF6is a chemical inactive gas.

237

238

~
IN OUTSIDE YARD
TASK 4.1-1

APPBECIAJIOII FOIHNGIHEERS

DEMONSTRATE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

IDENTIFY PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT

PROCEDURE l. 2. 3. 4. 5. Study the following steps of the performance sheet, carefully. Go to outside distribution equipment yard. Identify and state the purpose of a distribution transformer. Identify and state the purpose of distribution substation with pole mounted transformers. Identify and state the purpose of a distribution substation with platform mounted transformers. Identify and state the purpose of a distribution substation with pad mounted transformer. Identify and state the purpose of an indoor (consumer's type) primary distribution substation. Go inside and point to Circuit Breaker and_instruments on switchgear. 8. 9. Identify and state the purpose of a primary distribution overhead line. Identify and state the purpose of a primary distribution underground cable feeding an overhead line. 10. Identify and state purpose of a cable term.

6.

7.

239

APPRECIATlOlFQB ENGINUBS

TASK 4.1-2 IDENTIFY SECONDARY AND CUSTOMERS DISTRIBUTION

EQUIPMENT
PROCEDURE l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Identify and state the purpose of a secondary distribution transformer. Identify and state the purpose of a LV panel. Identify and state the purpose of metering instruments inside the LV panel. Identify and state the purpose of incoming and outgoing cables for the LV panel. Identify and state the purpose of a Mini-pillar. Identify and state the purpose of incoming and outgoing cables for the Minipillar. Identify and state the purpose of a consumer's panel with KWH meters. Identify and state the purpose of a consumer's panel with KWH meters and
Current Transformers.

240