In Collaboration with Nilai University College The Business School Undergraduate Programmes

Module Code: US1072 Methods of Enquiry

September 2010 Semester Individual Assignment

TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT: THE EMERGENCE OF EDUCATION AND ITS IMPACT TO TEENAGERS ATTITUDE

Date of submission: 8th November 2010 Lecturer: Ms. Gowrie Vinayan Student Name: Vanisha Nair Student ID: 208-3940-02 Programme: BA (Hons) in Accounting and Finance (OBUAF)

TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT: EMERGENCE OF EDUCATION AND ITS IMPACT TO TEENAGERS ATTITUDE

Vanisha Nair

Table of Contents
1.0 Research Title 2.0 Introduction 3.0 Research Objective 4.0 Research Questions 5.0 Hypotheses 6.0 Technology Advancement and its impact to teenagers attitude 6.1 Conceptualization Of Technology Advancement 6.2 Conceptualization of Teenager Attitude 6.3 The role of Technology Advancement into Teenagers Attitude 6.3.1 Internet 6.3.1.1 Positive Impacts 6.3.1.2 Negative Impacts 6.3.2 Television 6.3.2.1 Positive Impacts 6.3.2.2 Negative Impacts 4 4-5 6 6 6 7 7 7-8 8 8-9 9-11 12-13 13-14 14 15-17

7.0 Correlation between Education, Technology Advancement and the impact to teenagers attitude 17 7.1 Conceptualization of Education 17-18

7.2 Adoption of Education in Technology Advancement and its impact to Teenagers Attitude 18 7.2.1 Internet Education 18-19

8.0 Challenges Faced by the Implementation of Education into Technology Advancement 20

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TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT: EMERGENCE OF EDUCATION AND ITS IMPACT TO TEENAGERS ATTITUDE 8.1 Plagiarism 9.0 Theoretical Framework 10.0 11.0 Research Methods Conclusion

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20 21 22-24 25-26 27-31 32

Reference Bibliography Appendices Appendix 1: Evaluation of Sources Appendix 2: Mind-Map

33 34

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1.0 The emergence of education into technology advancement and its impacts to teenagers attitude

2.0 Introduction In todays world, technology plays an important role in every humans life. Technology lets people improve the way they live so that they can preserve their own personal energy and focus on the really important factors in life. Over the new technological infrastructure, a new generation is evolving that is called as the net generation (Leung, 2004 as cited in Yonca et al. 2009). In past years, it was hard to use technology because technology was not really famous on that time. People were did all their work traditionally. People who working in offices, they may did all their reports by manually. Even in schools, it was hard to get technology such as computers. However, today, technology has made an impact in humans everyday lives. It offers many advances in the world. Every work they conducting are mostly used by computer and other technology devices. Everywhere we going are full filled with much type of technologies in the term of communication, transportation and agriculture. Moreover, in this century, one of the big areas in the technology is education. Technology is one of the main media using in education. The more demanding challenges of educational are the selection of the right technology for multiple educational objectives.
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Educational technology is a great deal can be done with machines, particularly in higher education, where students have learned the initial, fundamental intellectual skills. Then, the internet seems to be suitable tool of education that offers the exact convenience to students by Applebome (1999) as cited in Sharma and Maleyeff (2003). Other than that, technology as a whole has made way for several new conventions, some good, and some bad. While there are several advantages to using technology to enhance education, there are also several disadvantages. In addition in todays century, most of the schools, colleges and universities are provided library with the ability of internet connection. Therefore, students can go for online and search information regarding their assignments. In fact, librarian also can search the books code through using the computers. It may save their time and energy too.

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3.0 Research Objective My research objective is to examine whether technology can bring impacts to teenagers attitude. Other than that, research will also be done to determine the adoption of education into technology and the impacts to teenagers attitude in nowadays.

4.0 Research Questions In total, there are three research objectives: 1. Does technology can bring impacts to teenagers attitude? 2. Does adoption of education into technology can bring impacts to teenagers attitude? 3. What are the positive and negative impacts faced by teenagers by implementing education into technology?

5.0 Hypotheses

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TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT: EMERGENCE OF EDUCATION AND ITS IMPACT TO TEENAGERS ATTITUDE 1. Technology can impact to teenagers attitude

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2. Adoption of education in technology can bring impact to teenagers attitude

6.0 Technology advancement and its impact to teenagers attitude 6.1 Conceptualization of Technology Advancement In general, the term technology refers to the major factor behind productivity improvement and the rising standard of living (Bahouth, 1994). It is used to give information to everyone. It refers to different kinds of devices such as internet, computer, television and mobile phones. In this century, technology plays an important role in humans life. With technology most of the work can be done smoothly. It gives us a lot of real life situation. Next, technology advancement is
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TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT: EMERGENCE OF EDUCATION AND ITS IMPACT TO TEENAGERS ATTITUDE

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one of the most essential factors for teenagers. With the purpose of surviving in the social, education and employment world, technology is becoming the most essential tools. The main tools that teenagers mostly concern are internet and television. Therefore, there are positive as well as negative influences of the technology especially on internet and television. 6.2 Conceptualization of teenagers attitude Attitude is a foundation of our success in life (Samadi, 2008, p. 51). For teenagers, the positive attitude is a better place to start their life. It is because of having a good attitude will determine the teenagers altitude in their life. Then, he mentions that when the teenagers unable to regulate their attitude in the way they think in negative situation, it wills behave in response negatively (Samadi, 2008, p. 50-51). Therefore, teenagers can be influenced by things that happen to them in positive and negative situation, so, it may bring impact to their attitudes in positive way as well as negative. Teenagers are the one being heavy users of media and greatly influenced by media images (Chu, 2006). Teenagers are simply exposed to all sorts of influences via technologies such as television, internet and mobile phones, which established the trend among themselves. These unhealthy lifestyles empower them without realising the intense of effect. In addition, Martin and Bush (2000) claim that the teenage market in USA represents a tremendous opportunity for marketers. 6.3 The role of technology advancement into teenagers attitude 6.3.1 Internet
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According to Leung (2004), teenagers are more close to technology especially in internet. Their interest to internet is like the interest of a researcher in their research fields. Teenagers who called as net generation is a main target market to be revealed by marketers (as cited by Yonca et al. 2008). Nowadays, teenagers will mostly likely spend more of their time on technology especially on internet. As cited by Dahl et al. (2009), Clarke (2002) claims that 75 percent of the children aged between 7-16 years old are mostly having to access to the internet. They like to interact and communicate with others around the world through chatting by online, emailing and playing interactive games such as Sudoku. Besides, people enjoying communicating through online because they can view at the same time of the person whom they are having conversation with. Teenagers spend around 5.5 hours in using technology including television, internet and computer games by Kaiser Family Foundation (2001) as cited in Dotson and Hyatt (2005). 6.3.1.1 Positive Impact In the fast growing world, internet will literally change the way we live. With the click of a button, we can access to an immeasurable amount of information. For example, books, music, journals, news, movies, photographs, travel reservation and even the

communication models such as e-mail and sending

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TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT: EMERGENCE OF EDUCATION AND ITS IMPACT TO TEENAGERS ATTITUDE

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instant messages are the types of internet tools that people normally used (Israelsen, 2005). Teenagers can gain their knowledge by looking at the news or journal which provided in internet and they also can search for information personally by clicking at access button in internet. With internet, teenagers can interact with their friends and teachers (Volery and Lord, 2000). This make the teenagers occupied their time with positive attitude rather than hang out with friends. According to Pew Research Centre (2005), 81 percents of American teenagers go for online every day for the activities such as e-mail, news, research regarding to their school and jobs, instant messaging, medical information and sharing information such as music sharing, product sharing and online auction (as cited in Israelsen, 2005). Furthermore, internet can be used as researches tool whenever the teenagers conducting a research. They can search for information based on their research. Teenagers can save their time and make their life easy whenever doing their research through internet. It can reduce their burden and do not make them stress up. There are several advantages of using internet to
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whenever conduct their research studies such as easy to use, the cost (Wilson and Laskey, 2003). Easy to use: Internet is a tool that easy to find information. Teenagers can do their survey through internet such as send and receive their questionnaire or data collection. Then, once their questionnaires are completed, the data will be in electronic form which can be downloaded immediately into database (Iyer, 1996 as cited in Wilson and Laskey, 2003). By doing research through internet, it may save teenagers time and they can go on other stuffs which is important. The cost: Research through internet is cheaper than postal research. Sending e-mails or set up of web questionnaire are cheaper than mail equivalent (Wilson and Laskey, 2003). Then, Watt (1997) as cited by Wilson and Laskey (2003) claims that internet survey becomes significantly cheaper than postal surveys especially when they are more respondents. Using internet is less costly to get information in both of low quality and high quality and it is easy and even faster to get information (McDonald and Adam, 2003).

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TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT: EMERGENCE OF EDUCATION AND ITS IMPACT TO TEENAGERS ATTITUDE

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Furthermore, Pew Internet and America Life Project (2002) said that communication through the internet help teenagers to improved their knowledge in social networks and social relation (as cited in Nwagwu et al. 2009). Therefore, teenagers can involve themselves in social networking rather than hanging out with friends. This can improve their knowledge and they can spend their time in positive way. Apart from telephone, e-mail is the better communication devices via internet that teenagers can use to communicate to others. It reduces the cost and the risks of written too (Nwagwu et al. 2009).

6.3.1.2 Negative Impacts Yonca et al. (2009) claim that for teenagers internet become one of the compulsive consumption areas, experienced as a large amount of time spent logged-on. Therefore, the term internet addiction was introduced due to the long time spent into internet. It was introduced by a pioneer study of Young (1996) as cited in Yonca et al. (2009). Besides, as the teenagers become more interest and addict to internet, the studies of online

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behaviour have increasingly emphasized compulsive behaviour among them. Therefore, because of the teenagers have compulsive addiction; they might be out of control (Schiffmann and Kanuk, 2004 as cited by Yonca et al. 2009). The compulsive attitude which came from the use internet can bring negative impact to teenagers such as harassment, stalking and

pornography and gambling. Other than this, internet also bring negative impact which is addiction itself (Yellowlees and Marks, 2007; Yang and Tung, 2007 as cited by Yonca et al. 2009). The teenagers will be too addicted into internet which can bring a dangerous environment among them (Soeters and van Schaik, 2006). In Blauw Research (2004), it shows that more than 80 percent of the parents in USA are worried about what their children may encounter while surfing to internet (as cited in Soeters and van Schaik, 2006). Besides, in Turkish population the intention of internet addiction among teenagers are even more than 39 percent who are under aged of 19 years old (Koc and Hancioglu, 2007 as cited in Yonca et al. 2009).

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Moreover, teenagers are mostly wasting their time in online games. They used to play online games this can bring an indiscipline attitude to them. Then, young people whom in high school and college students are the one playing online games routinely and extensively. Teenagers who involve in online playing games activity are spending more than 20 hours per week in internet enable activity alone (Castiglione, 2008).

6.3.2 Television Nowadays, using technology such as internet and television are one of the main activities of human beings and especially for teenagers. Teenagers in the current generation are full fill with technology. They adore technology so much and they cannot live without it. For examples, mobile phone, internet, video games, play station and television. Teenagers today would have a pretty difficult time imaging life without those kinds of technology. As a cited in Dotson and Hyatt (2005), Kaiser Family Foundation (2001) stated that most of the teenagers activity after their school are watch television for three to four hours every day. Television has many impacts to teenagers attitude in positive and negative way.
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TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT: EMERGENCE OF EDUCATION AND ITS IMPACT TO TEENAGERS ATTITUDE 6.3.2.1 Positive impact

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Television is one of the important tools in every humans life which they spend on their leisure time. Teenagers spend their time to watch television as an entertainment activity. Then, teenagers can improve gain their general knowledge by watching to beneficial programmes such as National Geography. They also can improve their communication skills by watching to the educational channels. Moreover, television

provides enough informative resources to achieve understanding as well as orientation and entertainment goals (Mafe and Blas, 2008).

6.3.2.2 Negative Impacts Television is an important part of media which influence in teenagers attitude (Shimp, 2000 as cited by Dotson and Hyatt, 2005). According to the Center for Media Education (2002),

teenagers who spend more their time on television a day, likely to believe the advertising claims (as cited by Dotson and Hyatt, 2005).
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Therefore, advertisements play an important role in television programmes which influence in the teenagers attitude. Younger teenagers and children who still are forming their own-self identity and developing of concepts of abstract thought, may be more influence by television media and find it more credible (Brown and Witherspoon, 2002 as cited in Winham and Hampl, 2008). Advertisement is a public notice that offering their services through television to interact consumers. Thus, once teenagers watch it, it may influence them and they might be imitating what they watched. Paul (2002) said that advertisers mainly targeted the teenagers as customers for their product and brands (as cited by Dotson and Hyatt, 2005). Therefore, when the teenagers go for shopping, they will try to find the licensed characters that they know from the hours of daily television viewing (Wechsler, 1997 as cited in Dotson and Hyatt, 2005). They spend money to their perceptions of brand value which causing them wasting their money.
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According to the research conducted by The Center for a New American Dream (2002), teenagers spent around $155 billion of their own money in 2001 (as cited by Dotson and Hyatt, 2005). Apart from the brand, violence in advertisement also can bring impact to teenagers attitude which makes them imitate to bad attitude such as smoking and drinking alcohol. Violence in advertising makes the teenagers to act

aggressively (Eagle et al. 2002). Furthermore, teenagers become a serious addiction to smoking which tends to be sensitive due to the cigarette advertising and they form an important target market for the tobacco industry (Andrews et al. 2004 as cited in Uusitalo and NiemelaNyrhinen, 2008). Besides that, advertisements of food products cause the teenagers to unhealthy which are dietary habit and nutrition problems (Eagle et al. 2002). These concern them to indiscipline eating disorders.

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7.0 Correlation between Education, technology advancement, and the impacts to teenagers attitude 7.1 Conceptualization of Education What are the roles of education in humans life? In todays century, education is one of the most important things in humans life. Nowadays, education is more important as we use clothes to cover our body. Why education has gained much importance? Education is one of the important factors which formulate the personality of a person, who is aimed to be success in their life. Bynner (1998) claims that everyone should get education to improve their chances of success, not only of getting jobs, but also of getting any kind of continuing employment at all. He continued that people who born in the year 1958, left their school at the age of 16 compared to the people who born in 1970 (Bynner, 1998). In addition, education being this much important, has always been given priority among the nations, and those nations who never had neglected this constructive factor, are the nations ruling this globe. Therefore, education is a constructive factor in a persons life and it is our right to get it.

7.2 Adoption of Education in Technology Advancement and its impact to teenagers attitude

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Besides, one of the main important tools in education is technology. The emergence of education into technology has provided a lot of benefits to teenagers. In the present time, internet seems to be an important instrument for education. As well as benefits, it also gives some negative impact to teenagers whenever they searching for unnecessary sites while using internet to study. Online education is the main study that used internet connection as a technology. 7.2.1 Online education The use of internet in education has direct and indirect impacts among the users. On behalf of direct effect, students can access for their notes on websites from everywhere and anytime (Linton and Kardiner, 1952 as cited by Sharma and Maleyeff, 2003). With the internet, information sources are easy to access with free and being trained to users to be future managers which encourage them to use internet to find information for every subject (Sharma and Maleyeff, 2003). These support the teenagers to be successful to their life and show them positive attitude. However, as the internet heavily used in education, it might be faced some unanticipated and unplanned problems. This can give impact three categories such as decision making problem and interpersonal relationship because of the distance. Firstly, by internet education, students will view the computer by extension and use internet as
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source for all answers. Therefore, teenagers being more credibility to internet rather than offline sources (Sharma and Maleyeff, 2003). These make them decision making problems. Secondly, Doheny-Farina (1996) claims that interpersonal relationship will arise when the students become more immersed into technology and they will not involve in other activity (as cited by Sharma and Maleyeff, 2003). Then, greater online time for education cause high levels of depression and loneliness (Kraut et al. 1998 as cited by Sharma and Maleyeff, 2003). Sharma and Maleyeff (2003) also stated that internet based education can restrict the social skills of the students because of the lack interactions of other students.

8.0 Challenges Faced by implementation of Education into technology advancement Despite of potential benefit of education through technology, it brings higher risk to education department due to the unethical attitude. The main technology advancement that causes the teenagers to involve in unethical attitude is internet. The adoption of education into internet makes the students life easy. The students can copy other persons paragraphs of their material from various kinds of web sites and use it for their own assignment (Sharma and Maleyeff, 2003). This attitude commonly called as plagiarism.
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TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT: EMERGENCE OF EDUCATION AND ITS IMPACT TO TEENAGERS ATTITUDE 8.1 Plagiarism

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Plagiarism can be defined as the unauthorised use or close imitation of the ideas and language or expression of someone else (Hannabuss, 2001). In todays century, with the great growing amount of information on internet, it makes students to access those information which have be created a high value of attraction for students to copy the web material, and hand it in as their own work. These unethical behaviour make the users lack of responsibility. They just depend to on the internet to complete a task. Besides, by introducing internet in education, it makes the teenager life easy for copy other persons property and make it as their own. Plagiarisms are being more famous among students today. They more depend on cut-and-paste techniques (Maxymuk, 2006).

9.0 Theoretical Frameworks

Impact to Technology Advancement teenagers

attitude

Education

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10.0

Research Methods My research is about the impact on teenagers attitude by adopting education into technology advancement. Since I am interested to explaining the relationship between technology advancement and the impacts to teenagers attitude which is moderated by education, my research is an explanatory study. Explanatory study is emphasized on explaining the relationship between variables which also known as causal study (Saunders et al. 2009).

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Then, the research philosophy that I will practice is epistemology. Epistemology is defined as a branch of philosophy that studies the nature of knowledge and what constitutes acceptable knowledge in a field of study (Saunders et al. 2009). Throughout technology becomes an important factor in humans life, we highly agree that technology can bring impacts to teenagers attitude. In fact, how do I know technology advancement can bring impacts to teenagers attitude? This is what I am going to do in this research. I will find out the positive and negative impacts that teenagers faced from the technology advancement. For education, research will be done how internet education brings impact to teenagers behaviour. Furthermore, in this research, I will play a role as positivist due to the highly structured research. Positivist refers to working with an observable social reality and that the end product of such research can be law-like generalisations similar to those produced by the physical and natural scientists (Remenyi et al. 1998, p.32, as cited in Saunders et al. 2009, p.113). In this case, I will more focus on quantitative research by finding out the data: 1. The percentage of teenagers attitude which brings impact by introducing technology advancement. 2. The percentage of teenagers attitude which brings impact by technology advancement after adoption of education. With the use of quantitative research it can result in more credible data since data can be easily proven as accurate by identifying the impacts of teenagers attitude in the

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term of positively and negatively. Thus, my research is mono method because just considered quantitative methods. Besides that, my research will use the deductive approach because of the positivism approach that I like to use. Deductive approach is defined as a research approach involving the testing of a theoretical proposition by the employment of a research strategy, specifically designed for the purpose of its testing (Saunders et al. 2009, p.590). Since I have come out with several hypotheses, the deductive approach allows me to test the hypotheses and provides confirmation. This approach will be useful in explaining the relationship between variables. Moreover, I would like to use survey as a strategy to test my hypothesis. The reason is survey allows me to collect the quantitative data that I more focus in. Survey is a research strategy that involves the structured collection of data from a sizeable population (Saunders et al. 2009, p.601). Along with survey, structured questionnaire will be given because it is easy for to calculate the percentage of the survey. Besides, it is easy to manage and can save time. Next, the survey will be conducted based on cluster sampling. Cluster sampling refers to probability sampling procedure in which the population is divided into discrete groups or clusters prior to sampling (Saunders et al. 2009, p.588). I will be given the questionnaire to school and college teachers and parents. Sample of 10 will be chosen randomly from each group. A total of 20 questionnaires will be distributed randomly across them. The survey questionnaire is estimated to two months.

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Then, due to the time constraints, my research will be cross-sectional in the term of time constraint. My research will more concentrated on technology advancement and explain the relationship between every variable. In addition, based on reading of literature, I do not know that my hypothesis will be accepted or not. It is because technology advancement has both positive and negative impacts to teenagers attitude. Adoption of education in technology advancement also provides positive and negative impacts to teenagers attitude. Due to this, it is hard to accept or reject the hypotheses.

11.0

Conclusion

Technology is becoming more and more dominant in humans life. It lets people improve the way they live, so that, they can preserve their own personal energy and focus on the important factors in life. Now, it clearly shows that the technology advancement by adopting education bring both positive as well as negative impacts to teenagers attitude. Technology advancement especially internet and television bring benefits to teenagers

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attitude. They can gain some general knowledge from internet and television if they use it in beneficial way. Then, technology advancement as it used today can improve the ideas of a teenagers and the knowledge of a student attains. These might bring advantage to them in two ways. First, internet and television are easy to use. Second, teenagers can use it for low cost. On the other hand, technology advancement in term of internet and television can also bring negative impacts to teenagers attitude if they spent on it for long hours. In the term of internet, teenagers can be an internet addiction whenever they surfing it for long hours without doing other things. It shows that they are indiscipline in arranging time. Next, television brings impact on teenagers attitude when they are influenced on advertising. They might imitate to the advertising and which impact to their lifestyle. However, the adoption of education into technology advancement should be handled carefully because it also brings positive and negative impacts to teenagers attitude. In behalf of positive impacts, teenagers can use internet education for their studies from everywhere and anytime. Internet education also is an extra tool to get ideas. Nevertheless, by adopting education into technology advancement, it also can bring negative impact to teenagers attitude. Teenagers tend to be more credibility into internet rather than using offline sources. Moreover, teenagers will be lack interaction between other students when they depend on internet education. Therefore, the adoption of education in technology advancement will be an advantage for teenagers attitude if they use it in right and beneficial way. Otherwise, the adoption of education in technology will bring negative impacts to teenagers attitude if they use it in unplanned way. (4126 words)

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References Andrews, J.C., Netemeyer, R.G., Burton, S., Moberg, D.P. and Christiansen, A. (2004). Understanding adolescent intention to smoke: an examination of relationships among social influence, prior trial, behavior, anti-tobacco campaign advertising, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 68, No. 3, pp. 110-123. Cited in Uusitalo, O. and Niemela-Nyrhinen, J. (2008). Exploring message themes in antismoking advertising targeted at teenagers, Young Consumers, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 29-36. Applebome, P. (1999). Distance learning: education.com; the on-line revolution is not the end of civilization as we know it. But almost, New York Times, 4 April, pp.26-29, 36, 38. Cited in Sharma, P and Maleyeff, J. (2003). Internet education: potential problems and
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solutions, The International Journal of Educational Management, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 1925. Bahouth, S.B. (1994). Technology Readiness as a Business Strategy, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 94, No.8, pp. 8-12. Blauw Research. (2004). Ouders hebben behoefte aan meer informatie over internetopvoeding [Online]. Available from: www.blauw.nl/. Cited in Soeters, K.E. and van Schaik, K. (2006). Childrens experiences on the internet, New Library World, Vol. 107, No. 1220-1221, pp. 31-36. Brown, J.D. and Pardun, C.J. (2004). Little in common: racial and gender differences in adolescents television diets, Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 266-278. Cited in Winham, D. and Hampl, J.S. (2008). Adolescents report television characters do not influence their self-perceptions of body image, weight, clothing choices or food habits, Young Consumers, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 121-130. Bynner, J. (1998). Education for what, Education + Training, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 4-5. Castiglione, J. (2008). Internet abuse and possible addiction among undergraduates, Library Review, Vol. 57, No.5, pp. 358-371. Center for a New American Dream. (2002). Just the facts about advertising and marketing to children [Online]. Available from: www.newdream.org/campaign/kids/facts.html. Cited in Dotson, M.J and Hyatt, E.M. (2005). Major influence factors in childrens consumer socialization, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 22, No.1, pp. 35-42. Center for Media Education. (2002). Children and television: frequently asked questions [Online]. Available from: www.cme.org/children/kids_tv/. Cited in Dotson, M.J and Hyatt, E.M. (2005) Major influence factors in childrens consumer socialization, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 22, No.1, pp. 35-42.

Chu, T.C. (2006). Case study of a successful internet advertising strategy in Hong Kong: a portal for teenagers, Marketing Intelligence & Planning, Vol. 24, No.4, pp. 393-405. Clarke, B. (2002). Eating trends: adapting to kids lifestyle, Advertising and Marketing to Children, Vol.3, No.2, pp. 33-7. Cited in Dahl, S., Eagle, L., and Baez, C. (2009). Analyzing advergames: active diversions or actually deception. An exploratory study of online advergames content, Young Consumers, Vol.10, No.1, pp. 46-59. Dahl, S., Eagle, L. and Baez, C. (2009). Analyzing advergames: active diversions or actually deception. An exploratory study of online advergames content, Young Consumers, Vol.10, No.1, pp. 46-59. Doheny-Farina, S. (1996). The Wired Neighbourhood, Yale University Press: New Haven, CT. Cited in Sharma, P and Maleyeff, J. (2003). Internet education: potential problems
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Bibliography Akinseinde, S.I. and Adomi, E.E. (2004). E-mail Usage by Technical Education Students in Nigerian Universities, Library Hi Tech News. No. 9, pp. 15-20. Reisenwitz, T., Iyer, R., Kuhlmeier, D.B. and Eastman, J.K. (2007). The elderlys internet usage: an updated look, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 24, No. 7, pp. 406-418.

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Appendix 1: Evaluation of sources Throughout the whole process of completing literature review and research methods, my secondary sources of information mainly journal articles which are informative, updated, and provide me a more specific and clear picture on my research title. The journal articles are carefully examined by various prominent authors, thus validated and refereed. Besides, I used e-book for my reference to find the correct definition. Other than this, I used textbooks as my references for research methods. This is because the definitions given in
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books are more accurate and comprehensive. Many rounds of editing and filtration which have done before being published allow me to utilize these sources without any doubt. I prioritize my searching through Emerald Insight which provides me a substantial amount of related journal articles that reliable enough in adding useful information into study. It also helps me to get valuable ideas in deciding the research title as well as subtitles for my topic. Then, by going through the journal articles from Emerald Insight, I found out that there are various ideas from different authors regarding my research. Since my research title- technology advancement especially internet has become more dominant in our society, there is high availability of related journal articles which makes me easy to searching information that I need. On the other hand, due to the wide topic in technology advancement, it makes hard for me to deciding which issues I have to discuss.

Appendix 2: Mind Map

Technology Advancement: The emergence of education and its impacts to teenagers attitude (Week 1) (Week 1)

Introduction, research framework, research objectives, research questions, hypotheses and theoretical framework (Week 2) Technology Advancement and Teenagers attitude Education

Conceptualization of Conceptualization of education technology advancement The role of technology advancement into teenagers attitude Correlation Conceptualization Internet of between education, technology advancement and the U51072: Methods of Enquiry impact to (Week teenagers teenagers attitude 3) attitude (Week 3) Page 33 Positive and Negative impacts Challenges faced implementing educationand into Adoption of education inin technology advancement its impact technology advancement Television to teenagers behaviour Positive and Negative impacts Plagiarism Internet education Research Methods Conclusion (Week (Week4, (Week 5) 4) 5)