Code No: R7221901 1

II B.Tech. II Semester Regular(R07) Examinations, April/May 2009

PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATIONS
(Electronics & Computer Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) What are the limitations of Fourier Transform?

(b) State and explain the Dirichlet conditions, in fourier series.

2. Explain the detection of SSB-SC signals and explain the effect of phase and frequency error.

3. A carrier which attains a peak voltage of 5 volts has a frequency of 100M Hz. This carrier is
frequency-modulated by a sinusoidal waveform of frequency? 2KHz to such extent that the
frequency deviation from the carrier frequency is 75KHz. The modulated waveform passes
through zero and is increasing at time t = 0 write an expression for the modulated carrier
waveform.

4. Draw and explain in detail the PAM modulator.

5. (a) Compare the performance of adaptive delta modulation with that of PCM.
(b) Discuss the limitations of delta-modulation due to fixed step size.

6. (a) Differentiate BPSK & QPSK.

(b) Define:
i. Baud Rate.
ii. Matched Filter.
iii. Band width efficiency.
iv. SNR.

7. (a) Discuss the following:

i. Mutual information.
ii. Average information.
iii. Channel matrix.
(b) What are the characteristic features Shannon’s theorem and Shannon Hartley law?

8. (a) Write explaining notes on Turbo codes and BCH codes.

(b) Design an encoder for a(7, 4) binary cyclic code generated by g(x) = 1 + x + x3 and verify
its operation using the message vector D = 0101.

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Code No: R7221901 2
II B.Tech. II Semester Regular(R07) Examinations, April/May 2009
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATIONS
(Electronics & Computer Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Compare Autocorrelation and Cross correlation.

(b) What are the limitations of Fourier transform?

2. Find the various frequency components and their amplitudes in the voltage given by
e=50(1+0.7 cos5000t-0.3cos1000t) sin 5 × 106 t. Draw the single sided spectrum. Also evaluate
the modulated and sideband powers.

3. Explain how a low pass filter can be used as a discriminator.

4. Enumerate on the cross-talk in PAM due to the HF and LF limitations of the channel. Which
one of two affects more than one channel and why?

5. (a) What do you understand by PCM? Explain how quantizing and coding are done?
(b) What is aliasing effect and aperture effect? Suggest solutions to overcome these effects.

6. What is m-ary FSK scheme and derive the average probability of error for coherent m-ary FSK.

7. (a) Show that, using sampling, that the total information in binary units that can be trans-
mitted in a communication channel in time T is given by WT log2 1+ PPNS
Where W is the channel bandwidth PS is the signal power and PN is the noise power in
the channel.
(b) What are the characteristic features of Shannon’s theorem and Shannon- Hartley law?

8. Write short notes on:

(a) BCH codes.

(b) Golay codes.
(c) R S codes.
(d) Trellie’s codes.

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Code No: R7221901 3
II B.Tech. II Semester Regular(R07) Examinations, April/May 2009
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATIONS
(Electronics & Computer Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Compare Autocorrelation and Cross correlation.

(b) Derive the modulation theorem using FT.

2. Define amplitude modulation. The rms value of a radio frequency voltage is 200 volts before
modulation. When it is modulated by a sinusoidal audio frequency voltage, its rms voltage
becomes 242 volts. Calculate the modulation index.

3. Give the relationship between phase and frequency modulation and explain.

4. Give the importance of sampling theorem in communication, also prove the theorem.

5. With reference to PCM system explain the following:

(a) Sampling
(b) Companding.
(c) Mid-riser quantizer.
(d) Mid-Tread quantizer.

6. (a) Draw the modulation waveforms for transmitting binary information over band pass chan-
nels, for the following modulation schemes. ASK FSK PSK and Base band pulse shaping
followed by DSB modulation.
(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of digital modulation schemes over analog
modulation methods?

7. (a) Consider a telegraph source having two symbols, dot and dash. The dot duration is 0.2s.
the dash duration is 3 times the dot duration. The probability of the dot’s occurring is
twice that of the dash, and the time between symbols is 0.2s.Calculate the information
rate of the telegraph source.
(b) A system has band width of 4KHz and SNR of 28 db at the input of the receiver. Calculate.
i. It’s information carrying capacity.
ii. The capacity of channel if it’s bandwidth is double while the transmitted signal power
remains constant.

8. (a) What do you understand by error control coding? Explain the various methods briefly.
(b) Write the advantages of table lookup decoding scheme in linear block codes.

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Code No: R7221901 4
II B.Tech. II Semester(R07) Regular Examinations, April/May 2009
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATIONS
(Electronics & Computer Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. Find the highest value of auto correlation of a function f (t), where f (t) = 2cost+3cos3t+4sin4t.

2. The signal v(t) = (1 + m cos ωm t) cos ωc t is detected using a diode envelope detector. Sketch
the detector output when m = 2.

3. Derive the spectrum of narrowband angle modulation (NBFM).

4. Explain Natural sampling with circuit.

5. (a) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of DM and PCM.

(b) Describe the techniques used for parallel transmission and serial transmission.

6. (a) Compare ASK,FSK and PSK systems with respect to bandwidth, power used, and equip-
ment complexity.
(b) Draw the block diagram of FSK transmitter and explain.

7. (a) What is the significance of coding? Explain the principles of any one type of source Code.
(b) Derive expression for channel capacity for infinite bandwidth.
(c) A source is delivering 3 messages with probabilities 12 , 41 , 14 . What is the entropy of second
order source.

8. (a) What do you understand by error control coding? Briefly explain various methods.
(b) What are cyclic codes? Explain the algebraic structure of cyclic codes.

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