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EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
SEQUENCE
UNDERLYING CONCEPT
DAMPERS AND THEIR TYPES
DAMPERS
Fluid dampers
The fluid damper consists of a stainless steel piston with bronze orifice head. It is filled with silicone oil. The piston head utilizes specially shaped passages which alter the flow of the damper fluid and thus alter the resistance characteristics of the damper.
Viscoelastic
Fluid
period shift
feasible buildings
SPECTRAL ACCELERATION
0.0
0.5
Tf
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Ti
3.0
PERIOD
a)
5%
SPECTRAL DISPLACEMENT
10% 20%
applied dampers
0.0
0.5
Tf
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Ti
3.0
PERIOD b)
Anti-EQ design to make substructure (piers) of bridges safe for this bending moment.
Fixed support Movable supports To protect superstructure
The most suitable approach to seismic protection by replacing conventional bearings by HDRB
Separate Type
Built-in type
Standard Laminated Rubber Bearing + Steel-bar Damper + Lead Plug Damper + Hydraulic Damper
Composite material rubber+steel shims Thick steel endplate Many steel shims (vertical load capacity & stiffness and prevent lateral bulging of rubber. Rubber sheets are vulcanized and bonded onto thin steel Plates under pressure and heat
Lead must fit tightly in element bearing, lead plug is slightly larger than hole (1%) and forcing it in.
Lateral force that slide the structure depend of curvature and vertical load
Energy dissipation is generated by friction between slider and spherical surface Coefficient of friction is not constant (varies with time and temperature)
Advantage Simple to manufacture Disadvantage require elaborate connections and metallic dampers are prone to low-cycle fatigue
100
50
-50
-100
-150 -150
-100
-50
50
100
150
Displacement (mm)
tonf
Po
t1 Loading Stabilization
t2 Quick Release
sec
Steel Bearings
OLD
NEW
Steel cross beam Horizontal actuator Vert. Dis=0.127m Lon. Dis.=1.22m Lat. Dis.=0.61m
Moving platen
Energy Dissipation
Appropriate Scale
FUTURE!