Strain Gages: and Accessories

Strain Gages
and Accessories
measurement with confidence
www.hbm.com
Strain Gages
and Accessories
Contents
Introduction
New Strain gages used in: Railway engineering, aerospace industry.... How to nd the right strain gage (SG) Explanations on specications From measured strain to mechanical stress Type designation 6-7 8-9 10-11 12-17 18-19 20-21
Y, V, C, G and K series strain gages

Y series strain gages Specications with 1 measuring grid / linear strain gages with 2 measuring grids / double strain gages with 2 measuring grids / T rosette with 2 measuring grids / torsion/shear strain gages / T rosette with 3 measuring grids / rosettes with 4 measuring grids / full bridges full bridge / diaphragm rosettes strain gage chains Strain gages with connection cable K-LY... / K-XY... / K-RY... Specications with 1 measuring grid with 2 measuring grids with 3 measuring grids V series strain gages encapsulated strain gages with 3m stranded connection wire / Specications Special strain gages / encapsulated strain gage with stranded wire C series strain gages Specications with 1 measuring grid / 2 measuring grids / 3 measuring grids G series strain gages Specications with 1 measuring grid / 2 measuring grids 22 23 24-26 27 28-29 30-31 32-35 36 37 38-41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52-53 54 55 56-57
Strain Gages and Accessories
K series strain gages Specications with 1 measuring grid / linear strain gages with 2 measuring grids / double strain gages; torsion/shear SG / T rosette with 4 measuring grids / diaphragm rosette Balancing and compensating elements
58 59 60-61 62-64 65 66-67
Special strain gages, MTS 3000

Weldable strain gage Strain gages for high strain Crack propagation gages Strain gages for determination of residual stress Customized strain gages 68 69 70-71 72-74 77
MTS 3000 the system, for automatically determining residual stress using SG 75-76
Strain gage accessories

Strain gage bonding material Strain gage covering agents Cleaning solvents, aids for bonding and soldering Solder terminals Cables and stranded wires Bridge completion, resistance meter Installation case HBM software for stress analysis HBM ampliers used in stress analysis Literature, teaching pack, seminars, CD ROM 78-79 80-82 83 84 85-87 88 89 90-91 92-93 94-95
Strain gage installation service

Service for you from us 96-97
New . New . New . New . New . New . New

the right connection for everyone
New
On hand for all major strain gage (SG) congurations used in experimental stress analysis:

integrated solder tabs big solder tabs with strain relief leads (uninsulated, 30 mm (1.18 inch) long) Teon-insulated connection wires PVC-insulated ribbon cable, alternatively with 2-, 3- or 4wire circuit; cable length at the customers choice
competence in residual stress analysis

Three strain gage connection variants for the hole drilling method: integrated solder tabs Teon-insulated connection wires PVC ribbon cable
From the simple standard strain gage through to sophisticated full bridge strain gages: HBM provides you with a choice of standardized and customized strain gages for the manufacture of measurement transducers. Request our catalog at www.hbm.com/straingages
New .New . New . New . New . New . New . New

Save installation time...
New
DY4x... XY3x... XY10x... ...using the new strain gage types from HBM
HBM has broadened its proven range of Y series strain gages by adding new geometries. For many applications in the field of experimental stress analysis, the new strain gage types offer ease of use and time savings.
Double SG with integrated solder tabs T rosette with integrated solder tabs
T rosette with big solder tabs with strain relief
now also with 1.5 mm (0.039 inch) grid length and 350 allows both increased excitation voltage and compact dimensions
no effects of cable forces on the SG no effects of the solder joint on the measurement properties
LY7x
Materials testing: Ease of installation using the LY7x linear strain gage
The LY7x linear strain gage has been designed for use in the field of materials testing in particular. Especially with the often limited space available with materials testing machines, installing the strain gages has become much easier because of the wiring on the side.
0/45/90 rosette with big solder tabs with strain relief
RY10x...
KY8x VY4x... RY61... KY9x

Determining strain gradients: No solder tabs have to be installed
Strain gage chains are used for determing a strain gradient. The new strain gage chains KY8x (10 measuring grids + 1 compensating strain gage, in parallel Full bridge (Poisson 0/45/90 to the chain and KY9x rosette (10 measuring grids + 1 full bridge) with inte- axis) hole drilling grated solder tabs for the determination compensating strain gage, vertical to the chain axis) of integrated residual stress provided with solder tabs. Therefore it ideally are ts the big, for measurement of is no longer necessary to easy install additional solder uniaxial stress statesstill is installation tabs, which required with strain gage chains on tensile test the with leads. With integrated compatible to solder tabs of the specimens (Poissons previous hole effect) new and the KY8x and KY9x strainHBM gage chains you save drilling rosettes measurement of installation time.
torsion and shear optionally available:
no effects of cable forces on the SG no effects of the solder joint on the measurement properties
XY7x
with integrated solder tabs pre-wired with ribbon cable (length and conguration on request), does not require any soldering on the SG
Wheatstone bridge circuit: Save time using the new XY7x T rosette
T rosettes are often connected in a half or full bridge using the Wheatstone bridge circuit. The new XY7x T rosette comes with both measuring grids already connected electrically at one point. Your benefit: The number of electrical contacts you have to make is reduced and thus you save installation time.
StrainGages Gagesand andAccessories Accessories Strain
Strain gages used in:

Railway engineering, aerospace industry,
Strain gages in railway engineering Experimental stress analysis on a railway car
Strain gages in the manufacture of transducers SG installed on a customized torque transducer
manufacture of transducers, electrical industry
Strain gages in the aerospace industry Experimental stress analysis on an aerospace component
Strain gages in the electrical industry For monitoring of the loads during the punching of PCBs
Strain gages in the manufacture of transducers SG bridge with integrated compensating elements on a double bending beam
How to nd the right strain gage (SG)

Geometry of the SG (depending on the measurement task to be solved) Linear strain gages (e.g. LY11), one measuring grid Typical application: - strain measurement in one direction Double strain gages with two measuring grids (e.g. DY11), arranged in parallel Typical application: - measurement on bending beams For more detailed information see 1) and 2) T rosettes with two measuring grids (e.g. XY11), offset by 90 relative to each other Typical applications: - analysis of the biaxial stress state with known principal directions - measurements on tension/compression bars For more detailed information see 1) and 2) Rosettes with three measuring grids (e.g. RY81), 0/45/90 or 0/60/120 arrangement Typical application: - analysis of the biaxial stress state with unknown principal stress directions The three measuring grids are connected each in a so-called quarter bridge circuit. The absolute value and the direction of the rst and second principal stress are computed as described on page 18. For more detailed information see 2) V-shaped strain gages (e.g. XY21), 2 measuring grids, arranged at 45 relative to the SG axis The strain gage measuring grid length is dependent on the aim of measurement because the result of a measurement using strain gages will be the mean value of the strains underneath the measuring grid. In general, measuring grid lengths of 3 or 6 mm (0.118 or 0.236 inch) represent a good solution. Long measuring grids are recommended where there is an inhomogeneous material such as e.g. concrete or wood. A long strain gage will bridge the inhomogeneities of the workpiece and, as a measurement result, will supply the mean strain underneath the measuring grid. Typical applications: - measurements on torsion bars - determination of shear stresses occurring in shear beams around the neutral ber
For more detailed information see 1) and 2)
Full bridge strain gages (e.g. VY41), 4 measuring grids, offset by 90 relative to each other Typical applications: - measurements on tension/compression bars - measurements on torsion bars - determination of shear stresses occurring in shear beams around the neutral ber
For more detailed information see 1) and 2)
Diaphragm rosettes (e.g. MY11), 4 measuring grids Typical applications: - manufacture of diaphragm pressure transducers Strain gage chains (e.g. KY11), 10 or 15 very small measuring grids, arranged equidistantly on one common carrier, plus one compensating strain gage Typical application: - determination of strain gradients HBM also supplies strain gage chains complete with several rosettes and alternating measuring grid directions so that it is even possible to determine the gradient of a biaxial stress state.
For more detailed information see 2) 1) Using the Wheatstone Bridge Circuit (free brochure) 2) An Introduction to Measurements Using Strain Gages (book)
Short measuring grids are suitable for detecting a local strain state. Therefore, they are to be recommended for determining strain gradients (see strain gage chains), as well as for detecting the maximum point of notch stresses and similar stresses.
Dehnung Strain
Maximum maximale strain Dehnung Ausgangssignal Output signal aktive MessActive measugitterlnge ring grid length
Lnge Length
Temperature range The temperatures given in the Specications should not be exceeded, neither should the actual temperature fall below the values stated. (see Explanations on specications.) Strain gage series The HBM standard product range comprises 5 different type series for the following typical applications: Y strain gages: universal strain gage for stress analysis and simple transducers; easy to handle, robust, exible, many geometries and nominal (rated) resistances available. Measuring grid: constantan; measuring grid carrier: polyimide C strain gages: for measurements at extreme temperatures; operating temperature range from -269... up to +250C (-452F... up to +482F); temperature response with matching in the range of -200... +250C (-328F... +482F). Measuring grid: Cr-Ni alloy; measuring grid carrier: polyimide Strain gage resistance HBM strain gages are offered in 120, 350, 700, and 1000 ohm versions. The selection of the resistance depends on the constraints of the measurement task. More resistances on request. 120-ohm strain gages: + their insensitivity to variations in insulation resistance, such as may be caused by the effects of humidity.
G strain gages: for the manufacture of transducers, nominal (rated) resistances of 120 and 350 available. Measuring grid: constantan; measuring grid carrier: phenolic resin, glass ber reinforced. K strain gages: for the manufacture of transducers, different creep adjustments available, also as a stick on version complete with touch-dry adhesive coating for optimum measurement results. Measuring grid: constantan; measuring grid carrier: phenolic resin, glass ber reinforced. V strain gages: encapsulated strain gages for experimental stress analysis. Measuring grid: constantan; measuring grid carrier: polyimide with a potting made of special plastic material and 3 m (118 inch) stranded wire. High-ohm strain gages: + less specic heat because of their lower measurement current + less sensitive to ohmic resistances in the connection lines to the measurement amplier - better antennae for noise pulses.
10
no
manufacture of transducers?
yes
yes
biaxial stress state?
no
high-quality transducers, creep adjustment required?
yes
no
principal stress direction known?
according to the measurement task:

linear SG SG with two measuring grids connected as a half bridge full bridge SG
no
yes
SG rosette with 3 measuring grids
SG rosette with 2 measuring grids
no
lacking space?
yes
homogeneous eld of strain?
no
actual SG size determined by test objects measure strain gradient?
yes
yes no
3 (0.118) or 6 (0.236) mm (inch) grid length recommended aim of measurement: local strain state? SG chains
no
select measuring grid length to be 5 times as large as the inhomogeneity of the test object (e.g. gravel in concrete)
yes
short measuring grids
temperatures outside
-70... +200C (-94F... +392F) (absolute) -200... +200C (-328F... +392F) (relative)
yes
no
C series
V series
limited temperature range of -30C... +105C (-22F... +221F)
Y series
G series
K series
11
Explanations on specications:
Strain gage series
Explanations on
HBMs range of strain gages comprises the Y, C, G, K, V series as well as special strain gages. Each series of strain gages features different type series. Many specictions are identical for one strain gage series; therefore, in this catalog, the specications of a series are given on the pages preceding the list of individual strain gages. Where the specications of individual strain gages differ from those stated for the other strain gages of a series, these strain gages are provided with a relevant note. The specications and their tolerances are stated in compliance with OIML directive IR62.
The specications
have been determined according to OIML directive IR62. The tolerances are stated per OIML with double standard deviation. If the specied tolerance values of the gage factor, transverse sensitivity, temperature coefficient, and temperature response are halved, the data complies with VDI/VDE directive 2635. Below you will nd further explanations regarding the terms used in the Specications tables.
Connection congurations
HBM supplies strain gages with different connection congurations. Choose the conguration that best ts your application and personal preferences - the right connection for everyone.
Integrated solder tabs, e.g. LY41 allow direct soldering on the strain gage Big solder tabs with strain relief, e.g. LY61 allow comfortable soldering directly on the strain gage, at the same time providing nearly full mechanical decoupling of solder tabs and strain gages Leads: Ni-plated copper leads; uninsulated; 30 mm / 1.18 inch long, e.g. LY11 no direct soldering on the strain gage for full mechanical decoupling of cables and strain gage use of separate solder terminals directly on the strain gage required Teon-insulated connection wires (40 mm / 1.57 inch long), e.g. K-LY41 no soldering on the strain gage Teon insulation prevents the cable from sticking during installation solder terminals near the strain gage are required which are also used for the bridge connection PVC-insulated ribbon cable, alternatively with 2-, 3- or 4-wire circuit, e.g. K-LY41 cable length as required (0.5 up to 10 m / 19.7 inch up to 32.8 feet) no soldering on the measuring point required at all Teon wire on the strain gage prevents the cable from sticking during installation
12
specications:
Strain gage dimensions
The specied active measuring grid length a is the net length of the grid without the end loops (transverse bridges). If the following facts are taken into account, it is possible to cut the carrier foil: Cutting the foil in parallel to the measuring grid has only minor effects. Shortening the carrier foil perpendicular to the direction of the measuring grid will inuence the way the strain is introduced, thereby also changing essential characteristics of the strain gage. Therefore we recommend leaving a minimum distance of 1mm between the measuring grid end and the end of the carrier foil.
a active measuring grid length
Schematic diagram of a strain gage
Strain gage resistance

The electric resistance between the two metal leads, solder tabs or cable ends for connecting the measuring cable is called the resistance of a strain gage. (1) Please note that the nominal resistance for strain gages with connection cables* is specied without the cable. The HBM product range comprises strain gages with nominal resistances of 120 , 350 , 700 , and 1000 . The nominal resistance is stated on each strain gage package including the resistance tolerance per package. The resistance of each single strain gage from HBM has been checked.
Gage factor (strain sensitivity)

The strain sensitivity k of a strain gage is the proportionality factor between the relative change in resistance R/R0 and the strain to be measured: R/R0 = k The strain sensitivity yields a dimensionless number and is designated as gage factor. This gage factor is determined for each production batch by measuring and is specied on each strain gage package as a nominal value complete with tolerance. The gage factors vary between the production batches by just a few thousandths.
Temperature coefficient of the gage factor

The specied gage factor applies at room temperature. This factor changes as the temperature changes; however, with an excellent approximation, this correlation is linear. In the case of constantan measuring grids (V, G, K, Y series) the gage factor is proportional to temperature; in the case of chromium/nickel measuring grids (C series) the gage factor is inversely proportional to temperature. The temperature coefficient of the gage factor and its tolerance are stated on each strain gage package.
(1) Strain
gages of the V series, LE11 * see page 42 and following pages
13
Maximum permissible effective bridge excitation voltage
A strain gage can be considered as a little heater, converting electrical energy into heat. To prevent heating of the strain gage it is essential to choose a supply voltage that is not excessively high. The maximum permissible bridge excitation voltage has been computed for each strain gage and is specied in a table in this catalog. The specied excitation voltage always applies for the Wheatstone bridge as a whole. Only half the voltage may be applied to the individual strain gage. The maximum values specied are permissible only for application on materials featuring excellent heat conduction characteristics (e.g. steel of sufficient thickness). Strain gage measurements on plastic materials, and similar materials with poor heat conduction characteristics, require a reduction of the excitation voltage or switch-on period (impulse operation). Also with very low temperatures, the decreasing heat capacity of the materials may require a smaller excitation voltage.
Reference temperature
The reference temperature is the ambient temperature to which the specications of the strain gage refer, unless no specic temperature ranges have been stated. The specications for the strain gages are based on the reference temperature of 23C (73.4F).
Transverse sensitivity
The transverse sensitivity is the ratio of the sensitivity of a strain gage transverse to the measuring grid direction to its sensitivity in the measuring grid direction. The transverse sensitivity is stated on each strain gage package.
Schematic diagram of the transverse sensitivity of a measuring grid
14
Operating temperature range

The operating temperature range is the ambient temperature range where strain gages can be used without any permanent changes in their measuring characteristics occurring. Depending on whether absolute (with zero point reference) or relative (without zero point reference) measurements are to be carried out, there are different operating temperature ranges.
Temperature response in a 1/4-bridge circuit

Strain gages that are connected individually show an output signal, if the temperature changes. This signal is called apparent strain or thermal output and is independent of the mechanical load on the test object. However, it is possible to adjust a strain gage to the thermal expansion coefficient of a specic material such that the output signal in case of a temperature change is very small. These strain gages are called strain gages with matched temperature response or self-compensated strain gages. All HBM strain gages, with the exception of the LD20 high-strain gage, are self-compensated. To benet from their matching to the temperature response, strain gages must be selected according to the thermal expansion coefficient of the test object. Therefore, HBM offers strain gages for different materials. The code number for the temperature response matching is included in the type name of the strain gage.
1 3 5 6 7 8 9
for ferritic steel for aluminum for austenitic steel for quartz for titanium/gray cast iron for plastic material for molybdenum
with with with with with with with
=10.8 = 23 = 16 = 0.5 = 9 = 65 = 5.4
10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F) 10-6/K (12.8 10-6/F) 10-6/K (8.9 10-6/F) 10-6/K (0.3 10-6/F) 10-6/K (5.0 10-6/F) 10-6/K (36.1 10-6/F) 10-6/K (3.0 10-6/F)
Thus, for example, the types LY 21 or RY 31 (code number 1) have been matched to ferritic steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F). The material to which the respective strain gage has been adjusted is specied on the package. The remaining temperature variation is printed on the package in the form of a diagram and a polynomial. The effects of strain gages using connection leads are also taken into account thus enabling the apparent strain to be compensated by wiring or mathematically.
15
The temperature response involves a tolerance and only applies in the temperature range of the temperature response matching. This temperature range is specied in the Specications of the individual series in this catalog. Another possibility of compensating the apparent strain is to use appropriate wiring (e.g. circuit with compensating strain gage, half bridge circuit, etc.).
Creep adjustment
Spring element materials react with a spontaneous positive or negative strain when subjected to a sudden load. In the event of a constant load being applied, the material will continue to strain slowly in load direction, i.e. the material will creep. As transducers are loaded within the strictly elastic range only, the process described here is reversible. It is called elastic after-effect. The elastic after-effect causes a timedependent fault with a positive sign (in the direction of the deformation by the measuring quantity). If a strain gage is subjected to a static load, it will show a slow change in resistance over time - in spite of the component strain being constant. This change in the measuring signal of an extended (or shortened) strain gage occurs in the direction of strain relief. This creep can be explained as follows: the extended measuring grid acts similar to a tensioned spring which generates shear stresses between measuring grid and carrier (mainly in the area of the measuring grid end loops). Due to the inuence of these stresses, the plastic materials of the strain gage and the adhesive relax. It is possible to inuence such strain gage creep directly by modifying the end loops. De facto therefore, the elastic after-effect of the spring element material will lead to a positive fault while the strain gage creep generates a negative fault. In an ideal case, both faults will compensate each other. In order to approximate this ideal case as closely as possible, it is necessary to determine the most suitable strain gage by experiment. It is for this reason, that the K strain gage series provides three different creep adjustments for each strain gage type.
Mechanical hysteresis
The mechanical hysteresis of a strain gage is dened as the difference of the measured value displayed for increasing and decreasing strain loadings with the same strain value on the specimen. Hysteresis is not only dependent on the strain gage but to a major extent it is also dependent on application parameters such as type and layer thickness of the adhesive etc. For this reason, the specications include hysteresis values for different installation parameters.
Maximum elongation
The maximum elongation is typically 5% or 50,000 microstrain. Above this value the measured strain can not be relied upon. This is often the case if the installation or the strain gage has been damaged.
16
Minimum radius of curvature

The exibility of a strain gage is characterized by the minimum radius of curvature which it will withstand, without any auxiliary measures, in each direction respectively. The polyimide carriers of series Y and C strain gages are exible to an extent that they can be bonded around edges. Although the carrier materials of the other strain gage series are more brittle, they can also be easily prepared for application to smaller radii by thermal pre-forming. Exception: V series strain gages have a bigger radius of curvature because of their specic potting.
Fatigue life
If a strain gage is subjected to an alternating strain which can be superimposed over a static mean strain, an increase in the number of load cycles may create changes with regard to the zero point. The fatigue life is dependent upon the number of strain cycles and their amplitude and is independent of applied strain duration.
alternating strain w in mm/m (inch/1000 inch)
remaining zero point error in m/m (microstrain) 10 30 100 300 failure
number of load cycles n
Example diagram of the fatigue life of strain gages
Alternative bonding materials

For each strain gage series, the relevant bonding materials are specied. With regard to bonding technique, the HBM range of accessories distinguishes among cold and hot curing adhesives as well as spot welding methods. One of the most important selection criteria is the application temperature range of the individual bonding materials.
17
From measured strain to

Analysis of the biaxial stress state with unknown principal directions
The principle of experimental stress analysis using strain gages consists in using strain gages to measure strains on the component surface. From these measured strains and the known material properties such as modulus of elasticity and Poissons ratio, the absolute value and the direction of these mechanical stresses are determined. These calculations are based on Hookes Law which applies to the elastic deformation range of linear-elastic materials. In experimental stress analysis, so-called 3-grid rosettes are used for strain measurement. These are available in 0/45/90 and 0/60/120 versions which have a historical background. It is up to the user to choose which version to use. The 3 measuring grids of the rosettes are designated with the letters a, b and c. Therefore, a 3-grid rosette measures the three strains a, b and c. The principal normal stresses 1 and 2 for the 0/45/90 rosette are calculated as follows:
0/45/90 rosette, e.g. RY3x
and for the 0/60/120 rosette:
0/60/120 rosette, e.g. RY7x
18
mechanical stress
Below, the principal directions are determined. First the tangent of an auxiliary angle is calculated. For the 0/45/90 rosette according to the formula:
N D
and for the 0/60/120 rosette according to the formula:
N D
Note: The tangent of an angle in the right-angled triangle is the ratio of the opposite side (numerator N) to the adjacent side (denominator D): opposite side adjacent side
N D
This ambiguity of the tangent makes it necessary to determine the signs of the numerator (N) and the denominator (D) before carrying out the nal calculation of the two above mentioned quotients. Determining the signs is important because they alone indicate the quadrant of the circular arc in which the angle is located. From the numerical value of the tangent the size of the angle should then be found:
Then the angle should be determined using the below scheme:
N D N D N D N D
The angle , found in this manner, should be applied from the axis of the reference measuring grid a in the mathematically positive direction (counterclockwise). The axis of measuring grid a forms one side of the angle , the second side gives prinicipal direction 1. This is the direction of the principal normal stress 1 which is identical to the direction of the principal strain 1. The point of the angle is located at the intersection of the axes of the measuring grids. The principal direction 2 (direction of the principal normal stress 2) has the angle +90.
19
Type designation
1- L Y 1 1 - 3 / 120 A
Type designation
Options1): A = application aid V = four wire connection Z = two wire connection Measuring grid resistance in ohms Measuring grid length in mm - for RY1x, RY3x, RY4x, RY7x: diameter of circle which encloses the measuring grids - for strain gage chains, distance of measuring grid centers relative to each other (pitch) Material to which the strain gages temperature response has been matched: If there is the placeholder x in this position, please replace it by the code number of the temperature response matching of your choice. 1 3 5 6 7 8 9 for ferritic steel for aluminum for austenitic steel for quartz for titanium/gray cast iron for plastic material for molybdenum with =10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F) with =23 10-6/K (12.8 10-6/F) with =16 10-6/K (8.9 10-6/F) with = 0.5 10-6/K (0.3 10-6/F) with =9 10-6/K (5.0 10-6/F) with =65 10-6/K (36.1 10-6/F) with =5.4 10-6/K (3.0 10-6/F)
Layout of grids, type and position of the connections SG series: C series = carrier and cover: polyimide / measuring grid foil: chromium/nickel alloy Y series = carrier and cover: polyimide / measuring grid foil: constantan G series = carrier and cover: glass-ber reinforced phenolic resin / measuring grid foil: constantan K series = carrier and cover: glass-ber reinforced phenolic resin / measuring grid foil: constantan; additionally, different creep adjustments are available ex stock V series = carrier: polyimide/measuring grid foil: constantan, moulded with special plastic material, 3 m (118 inch) stranded wire
Number of measuring grids and their relative position to each other L = one measuring grid, linear strain gage D = two measuring grids, measuring grid direction: parallel X = two measuring grids, measuring grid direction, T-or X-shaped, offset by 90 R = three measuring grids, rosettes V = 4 measuring grids, full bridge strain gages M = full bridge strain gages as diaphragm rosette K = strain gage chains for determining strain gradients Standard or congurable 1 = standard K = with freely congurable connection cables
1)
available for selected strain gages only
20
An even greater range of types - Easy to order

This catalog offers a wide choice of strain gages. In addition to our wide range of preferential strain gages (available ex stock), we provide you with a comprehensive choice of variants.
This is how easily you can order our strain gages

In our price list, strain gage types that can be supplied ex stock are printed on a shaded background. Strain gage variants are not printed on a shaded background; and they are not always available ex stock. We will be pleased to provide information on current availability if requested. The minimum order quantity for these strain gages is 3 packages.
What does the x in the type designation of the strain gages in the Variants column stand for?
Stock types Variants Nominal resistance Dimensions (mm/inch) Max. perm. Solder effective terminals bridge excitation voltage
Steel 1-LY11-0.6/120 1-LY11-1.5/120 1-LY11-3/120 1-LY11-3/120A 1-LY11-6/120 1-LY11-6/120A 1-LY11-10/120 1-LY11-10/120A 1-LY11-1.5/350 1-LY11-3/350
Aluminum 1-LY13-0.6/120 1-LY13-1.5/120 1-LY13-3/120
Others 1-LY1x-0.6/120# 1-LY1x-1.5/120 1-LY1x-3/120 1-LY1x-3/120A
120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 350 350 350 350 350 350 350
Measuring grid a b 0.6

0.024
Measuring grid carrier c d 5

0.197
Instead of the x in the strain gage type designation in the Others column, please enter the code number for the appropriate temperature response matching.
V 1.5 2.5 4 4 8 8 13 13 5 7 7 14 14 23 23 LS7 LS7 LS7 LS7 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS7 LS7 LS7 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5
1
0.039
3.2
0.126
Example:
You wish matching of the type 1-LY1x10/120 to plastic material. Then enter an 8 instead of the placeholder x when ordering; the exact order designation will then be 1-LY18-10/120. The preferential strain gages are adjusted for steel or aluminum. Please note the exceptions in the case of types marked by # . To ease your order procedure please use also our CD-ROM DMSdirekt/SGdirect. Order your CD-ROM free of charge right now. Visit www.hbm.com for more details.
1.5
0.059
1.2
0.047
6.5
0.256
4.7
0.185
3
0.118
1.4
0.055
8.5
0.335
4.5
0.177
3
0.118
1.4
0.055
8.5
0.335
4.5
0.177
1-LY13-6/120
1-LY1x-6/120 1-LY1x-6/120A
6
0.236
2.8
0.110
13
0.512
6
0.236
6
0.236
2.8
0.110
13
0.512
6
0.236
1-LY13-10/120
1-LY1x-10/120 1-LY1x-10/120A
10
0.394
4.9
0.193
18.5
0.728
9.5
0.374
10
0.394
4.9
0.193
18.5
0.728
9.5
0.374
1-LY13-1.5/350 1-LY13-3/350
1-LY1x-1.5/350# 1-LY1x-3/350 1-LY1x-3/350A
1.5
0.059
1.2
0.047
5.7
0.224
4.7
0.185
3
0.118
1.5
0.059
8.5
0.335
4.5
0.177
3
0.118
1.5
0.059
8.5
0.335
4.5
0.177
1-LY11-6/350 1-LY11-6/350A 1-LY11-10/350 1-LY11-10/350A
1-LY13-6/350
1-LY1x-6/350 1-LY1x-6/350A 1-LY1x-10/350 1-LY1x-10/350A
6
0.236
2.9
0.114
13
0.512
6
0.236
6
0.236
2.9
0.114
13
0.512
6
0.236
10
0.394
5
0.197
18.5
0.728
9.5
0.374
10
0.394
5
0.197
18.5
0.728
9.5
0.374
(1) Strain gages that can be supplied ex stock are printed on a shaded background.
21
Y series strain gages

Universal strain gage Excellent measuring characteristics Different connection congurations Flexible, therefore easy to handle Wide range of geometries available ex stock Wide range of geometries available with different nominal resistance values (120, 350, 700, 1000 )
Pipe specimen made of carbon-ber reinforced plastic in a torsion fracture test
22
Specications
strain gage construction measuring grid material thickness carrier material thickness cover material thickness connections for strain gages without leads foil SG complete with embedded measuring grid m (microinch) m (microinch) m (microinch) Constantan foil 3.8 or 5 (150 or 197), depending on strain gage type polyimide 45 10 (1.772 394) polyimide 25 5 (984 197) nickel plated Cu leads, approx. 30 mm (1.18 inch) in length. integrated solder tabs, approx. 1.5 mm (0.059 inch) in length, approx. 1.6 ... 2.2mm (0.063... 0.087 inch) wide 120, 350, 700, or 1000, depending on SG type 0.3 without; 0.35 with leads approx. 2 specied on each package 1.5 1 approx. (115 10) 10-6 (64 5.5) 10-6 specied on each package 23 (73.4) -70 +200 (-94... +392) -200 +200 (-328... +392) specied on each package - 0.1
nominal resistance2) resistance tolerance gage factor nominal value of the gage factor gage factor tolerance for 0.6mm (0.024 inch) and 1.5mm (0.059 inch) measuring grid length for 3 mm (0.118 inch) measuring grid length temperature coefficient of the gage factor nominal value of the temperature coefficient of the gage factor reference temperature operating temperature range for absolute, i.e. zero point related measurements for relative, i.e. not zero point related measurements transverse sensitivity within reference temperature range using adhesive Z 70 on strain gage type LY 11-6/120 temperature response temperature response at customers choice matched to the thermal expansion coefficient for ferritic steel for aluminum for plastic material for austenitic steel for titanium/ gray steel for molybdenum for quartz tolerance of the temperature response temperature response with matching in the range of3) mechanical hysteresis1) at reference temperature and strain = 1,000 m/m (microstrain) on strain gage type LY 11-6/120 at 1st load cycle and adhesive Z 70 at 3rd load cycle and adhesive Z 70 at 1st load cycle and adhesive X 60 at 3rd load cycle and adhesive X 60 at 1st load cycle and adhesive EP 250 at 3rd load cycle and adhesive EP 250 maximum elongation1) at reference temperature using adhesive Z 70 on strain gage type LY 11-6/120 absolute strain value for positive direction absolute strain value for negative direction fatigue life1) at reference temperature using adhesive X 60 on strain gage type LY 11-6/120 number of load cycles Lw at alternating strain w = 1,000 m/m and zero point drift
% % 1/K (1/F)
C (F) C (F) C (F)
specied on each package 1/K (1/F) 1/K (1/F) 1/K (1/F) 1/K (1/F) 1/K (1/F) 1/K (1/F) 1/K (1/F) 1/K (1/F) C (F) 10.8 10-6 23 10-6 65 10-6 16 10-6 9 10-6 5.4 10-6 0.5 10-6 0.3 10-6 -10... +120 (6.0 10-6) (12.8 10-6) (36.1 10-6) (8.9 10-6) (5.0 10-6) (3.0 10-6) (0.3 10-6) (0.17 10-6) (14... 248)
m/m (microstrain) m/m (microstrain) m/m (microstrain) m/m (microstrain) m/m (microstrain) m/m (microstrain)
1 0.5 2.5 1 1 1
m/m (microstrain) m/m (microstrain)
50,000 ( 5 %) 50,000 ( 5 %)
> >
m 300 m/m (microstrain) m 30 m/m (microstrain)
>> 107 (test was interrupted at 107) > 107 (test was interrupted at 107)
minimum radius of curvature, longitudinal and transverse, at reference temperature for strain gages with leads for strain gages with integrated solder tabs within the measuring grid area within the area of the solder tabs bonding material that can be used cold curing adhesives hot curing adhesives
1) 2) 3)
mm (inch) mm (inch) mm (inch)
0.3 (0.012) 0.3 (0.012) 2 (0.079) Z 70; X 60; X 280 EP 250; EP 310S
The data depend on the various parameters of the specic application and are therefore stated for representative examples only. With measuring grid lengths of 0.6 mm (0.024 inch), the nominal resistance may deviate by 1%. For the types LY 51/ LY5x the deviation is 0.75%. For XY9x, RY9x and the KY types (per chain) it is 0.5%. Matching to plastic (code numer 8) is only possible in the temperature range of -10C+50C (14F...+122F).
23
SG / Y series with 1 measuring grid / linear strain gages

LY11
Linear strain gage Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
Steel 1-LY11-0.6/120 1-LY11-1.5/120 1-LY11-3/120 1-LY11-3/120A 1-LY11-6/120 1-LY11-6/120A 1-LY11-10/120 1-LY11-10/120A 1-LY11-1.5/350 1-LY11-3/350
Aluminum 1-LY13-0.6/120 1-LY13-1.5/120 1-LY13-3/120
Others 1-LY1x-0.6/120# 1-LY1x-1.5/120 1-LY1x-3/120 1-LY1x-3/120A
120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 350 350 350 350 350 350 350

0.024

0.197
LY13
Temperature response matched to aluminum with = 23 10-6/K (12.8 10-6/F)
V 1.5 2.5 4 4 8 8 13 13 5 7 7 14 14 23 23 LS7 LS7 LS7 LS7 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS7 LS7 LS7 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5
1
0.039
3.2
0.126
1.5
0.059
1.2
0.047
6.5
0.256
4.7
0.185
LY1x
Temperature response matching at customers choice, see page 20
3
0.118
1.4
0.055
8.5
0.335
4.5
0.177
3
0.118
1.4
0.055
8.5
0.335
4.5
0.177
1-LY13-6/120
1-LY1x-6/120 1-LY1x-6/120A
6
0.236
2.8
0.110
13
0.512
6
0.236
Illustrations show actual size (Grid length in mm/inch)
6
0.236
2.8
0.110
13
0.512
6
0.236
1-LY13-10/120
1-LY1x-10/120 1-LY1x-10/120A
10
0.394
4.9
0.193
18.5
0.728
9.5
0.374
10
0.394
4.9
0.193
18.5
0.728
9.5
0.374
1-LY13-1.5/350 1-LY13-3/350
1-LY1x-1.5/350# 1-LY1x-3/350 1-LY1x-3/350A
1.5
0.059
1.2
0.047
5.7
0.224
4.7
0.185
3
0.118
1.5
0.059
8.5
0.335
4.5
0.177
0.6 1.5 (0.024) (0.059)
3 (0.118)
6 (0.236)
10 (0.394)
3
0.118
1.5
0.059
8.5
0.335
4.5
0.177
1-LY11-6/350 1-LY11-6/350A 1-LY11-10/350 1-LY11-10/350A
1-LY13-6/350
1-LY1x-6/350 1-LY1x-6/350A 1-LY1x-10/350 1-LY1x-10/350A
6
0.236
2.3
0.091
13
0.512
6
0.236
Contents per package: 10 pcs.
6
0.236
2.3
0.091
13
0.512
6
0.236
10
0.394
5
0.197
18.5
0.728
9.5
0.374
10
0.394
5
0.197
18.5
0.728
9.5
0.374
Stock types
Variants
Nominal resistance
Dimensions (mm/inch)
Max. perm. Solder effective terminals bridge excitation voltage
LY21
Steel 1-LY21-0.6/120 1-LY21-1.5/120 1-LY21-3/120
Aluminum
Others 1-LY2x-0.6/120# 1-LY2x-1.5/120 1-LY2x-3/120 1-LY2x-6/120
120 120 120 120

0.024
Measuring grid carrier c d 3.5

0.138
LY2x
V 1 2 6 12 LS7 LS5 LS5 LS4
0.6
0.024
6.4
0.252
1.5
0.059
1.4
0.055
4.7
0.185
8.3
0.327
3
0.118
2.8
0.110
7.5
0.295
10
0.394
6
0.236
5.7
0.224
11
0.433
16
0.630
0.6 (0.024)
Types marked # are only available with matching to aluminum, ferritic or austenitic steel
1.5 (0.059)
3 (0.118)
6 (0.236)
24

Stock types Variants Nominal resistance Dimensions (mm/inch) Max. perm. Solder effective terminals bridge (1) excitation voltage
LY41
Steel 1-LY41-0.6/120 1-LY41-1.5/120 1-LY41-3/120
Aluminum
Others 1-LY4x-0.6/120# 1-LY4x-1.5/120
120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 700 700 700 1000 1000 1000

0.024

0.236
LY43
V 1.5 2.5 4 4 8 8 14 14 7 12 19 25 7 9 9 15 15 24 24 13 23 33 16 27 40 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5
1.2
0.047
4
0.157
LY4x
1.5
0.059
1.2
0.047
7
0.276
5
0.197
1-LY43-3/120
1-LY4x-3/120 1-LY4x-3/120A
3
0.118
1.1
0.043
8
0.315
5
0.197
3
0.118
1.1
0.043
8
0.315
5
0.197
1-LY41-6/120 1-LY41-6/120A 1-LY41-10/120
1-LY43-6/120
1-LY4x-6/120 1-LY4x-6/120A 1-LY4x-10/120 1-LY4x-10/120A
6
0.236
2.3
0.091
13.9
0.547
5.9
0.232
6
0.236
2.3
0.091
13.9
0.547
5.9
0.232
10
0.394
5
0.197
18
0.709
8
0.315
0.6 (0.024)
1.5 (0.059)
3 (0.118)
6 (0.236)
10
0.394
5
0.197
18
0.709
8
0.315
1-LY41-20/120 1-LY41-50/120 1-LY41-100/120 1-LY41-150/120 1-LY41-1.5/350 1-LY41-3/350 1-LY41-3/350A 1-LY41-6/350 1-LY41-6/350A 1-LY41-10/350 1-LY43-6/350 1-LY43-3/350
1-LY4x-20/120 1-LY4x-50/120 1-LY4x-100/120 1-LY4x-150/120 1-LY4x-1.5/350# 1-LY4x-3/350 1-LY4x-3/350A 1-LY4x-6/350 1-LY4x-6/350A 1-LY4x-10/350 1-LY4x-10/350A
20
0.787
0.7
0.028
31.8
1.252
8.2
0.323
50
1.969
0.9
0.035
63.6
2.504
8.2
0.323
100
3.937
1
0.039
114.8
4.520
8.2
0.323
150
5.906
1.3
0.051
165.6
6.520
8.2
0.323
1.5
0.059
2.3
0.091
9.2
0.362
5.9
0.232
3
0.118
2.5
0.098
10.9
0.429
5.9
0.232
3
0.118
2.5
0.098
10.9
0.429
5.9
0.232
6
0.236
2.7
0.106
13.9
0.547
5.9
0.232
6
0.236
2.7
0.106
13.9
0.547
5.9
0.232
10
0.394
5
0.197
18
0.709
8
0.315
10
0.394
5
0.197
18
0.709
8
0.315
1-LY41-3/700 1-LY41-6/700 1-LY41-10/700
1-LY43-3/700
1-LY4x-3/700 1-LY4x-6/700 1-LY4x-10/700 1-LY4x-3/1000#
3
0.118
2.7
0.106
10.9
0.429
5.9
0.232
6
0.236
4.1
0.161
13.9
0.547
5.9
0.232
10
0.394
5
0.197
18
0.709
8
0.315
3
0.118
2.7
0.106
10.9
0.429
5.9
0.232
1-LY41-6/1000
1-LY4x-6/1000# 1-LY4x-10/1000#
6
0.236
4.3
0.169
13.9
0.547
5.9
0.232
10
0.394
5
0.197
18
0.709
8
0.315
(1) Solder terminals are not compulsory Types marked # are only available with matching to aluminum, ferritic or austenitic steel
10 (0.394)
20 (0.787)
50 (2.968)
100 (3.937)
150 (5.905)
25

LY51
Steel 1-LY51-3/120
Aluminum
Others 1-LY5x-3/120 1-LY5x-6/120
120 120
Measuring grid a b 3
0.118

0.354
LY5x
Temperature response matching at customers choice, see page 20 Illustrations show actual size (Grid length in mm/inch)
V 2 3 LS7 LS7
0.3
0.012
4.7
0.185
6
0.236
0.4
0.016
13
0.512
4.7
0.185
3 (0.118)
6 (0.236)
Stock types
Variants
Nominal resistance
LY61
Steel 1-LY61-1.5/120 1-LY61-3/120
Aluminum
Others 1-LY6x-1.5/120 1-LY6x-3/120 1-LY6x-3/120A
120 120 120 120 120 120 350 350 350 350 350

0.059

0.307
LY63
V 3 4 4 8 8 13 7 7 13 13 22 -
1
0.039
4.7
0.185
LY6x
3
0.118
1.4
0.055
9.8
0.386
4.7
0.185
3
0.118
1.4
0.055
9.8
0.386
4.7
0.185
1-LY61-6/120
1-LY63-6/120
1-LY6x-6/120 1-LY6x-6/120A
6
0.236
2.5
0.098
16
0.630
6.3
0.248
6
0.236
2.5
0.098
16
0.630
6.3
0.248
1-LY61-10/120 1-LY61-3/350
1-LY6x-10/120 1-LY6x-3/350 1-LY6x-3/350A
10
0.394
4.3
0.169
23.5
0.925
9.3
0.366
3
0.118
1.7
0.067
9.8
0.386
4.7
0.185
3
0.118
1.7
0.067
9.8
0.386
4.7
0.185
1-LY61-6/350 1-LY61-6/350A 1-LY61-10/350
1-LY63-6/350
1-LY6x-6/350 1-LY6x-6/350A 1-LY6x-10/350
6
0.236
2.6
0.102
16
0.630
6.3
0.248
1.5 (0.059)
3 (0.118)
6 (0.236)
10 (0.394)
6
0.236
2.6
0.102
16
0.630
6.3
0.248
10
0.394
4.3
0.169
23.5
0.925
9.3
0.366
Stock types
Variants
Nominal resistance
Max. perm. Solder effective terminals bridge (1) excitation voltage
LY71
Steel 1-LY71-0.6/120 1-LY71-1.5/120 1-LY71-3/120
Aluminum
Others 1-LY7x-0.6/120 1-LY7x-1.5/120 1-LY7x-3/120 1-LY7x-6/120
120 120 120 120 350 350 350

0.024

0.091
LY73
V 1 2.5 5 10 5 8.5 18 LS7 LS5 LS4 LS4 LS5 LS4 LS4
1
0.039
5.6
0.220
LY7x
Temperature response matching at customers choice, see page 20 Illustrations show actual size (Grid length in mm/inch)
1.5
0.059
1.3
0.051
3.4
0.134
7.5
0.295
3
0.118
2.5
0.098
5.5
0.217
10.5
0.413
6
0.236
5.3
0.209
9
0.354
15.5
0.610
1-LY71-1.5/350
1-LY73-1.5/350
1-LY7x-1.5/350 1-LY7x-3/350 1-LY7x-6/350
1.5
0.059
1.5
0.059
3.4
0.134
7.5
0.295
3
0.118
2.4
0.094
5.5
0.217
10.5
0.413
0.6 (0.024)
6
0.236
5.1
0.201
9
0.354
15.5
0.610
1.5 (0.059)
3 (0.118)
6 (0.236)
26
SG / Y series with 2 measuring grids / double strain gages

DY11
Double strain gage Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
Steel 1-DY11-3/350 1-DY11-6/350
Aluminum 1-DY13-3/350 1-DY13-6/350
Others 1-DY1x-3/350 1-DY1x-6/350
350 350
0.118

0.354
DY13
V 9 14 LS7 LS7
2.7
0.106
8
0.315
DY1x
6
0.236
3.2
0.126
12.5
0.492
9.4
0.370
3 (0.118)
Contents per package: 5 pcs
6 (0.236)
Stock types
Variants
Nominal resistance
DY41
Double strain gage Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
Steel 1-DY41-3/350 1-DY41-6/350
Aluminum 1-DY43-3/350
Others 1-DY4x-3/350 1-DY4x-6/350
350 350
0.118

0.323
DY43
V 8.5 13 LS7 LS7
2.5
0.098
8
0.315
DY4x
6
0.236
2.8
0.110
10.7
0.421
9
0.354
(1) Solder terminals are not compulsory

d b
a c
3 (0.118)
6 (0.236)
27
SG / Y series with 2 measuring grids / T rosette

XY11
0/90 T rosette Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
Steel 1-XY11-0.6/120 1-XY11-1.5/120 1-XY11-3/120 1-XY11-6/120 1-XY11-1.5/350 1-XY11-3/350 1-XY11-6/350
Aluminum
Others 1-XY1x-0.6/120#
120 120 120 120 350 350 350

0.059

0.236
XY13
V 2 3 6 12 5 10 20 LS7 LS5 LS4 LS5 LS5 LS4 LS4
1
0.039
4
0.157
XY1x
1-XY13-1.5/120 1-XY13-3/120
1-XY1x-1.5/120 1-XY1x-3/120 1-XY1x-6/120
1.5
0.059
1.5
0.059
9
0.354
5
0.197
3
0.118
3
0.118
14.5
0.571
7.5
0.295
6
0.236
6
0.236
23.5
0.925
11
0.433
1-XY13-1.5/350 1-XY13-3/350 1-XY13-6/350
1-XY1x-1.5/350# 1-XY1x-3/350 1-XY1x-6/350
1.5
0.059
1.5
0.059
9
0.354
5
0.197
3
0.118
3
0.118
14.4
0.567
7.3
0.287
6
0.236
6
0.236
23.3
0.917
10.5
0.413
0.6 (0.024)
1.5 (0.059)
3 (0.118)
6 (0.236)
Stock types
Variants
Nominal resistance
XY31
Aluminum
120 120 120 120 350 350 350

0.024

0.276
XY33
V 1.5 2.5 5.5 10.5 5 9.5 19 LS7 LS7 LS7 LS4 LS7 LS5 LS4
1
0.039
6
0.236
XY3x
1-XY33-1.5/120
1-XY3x-1.5/120 1-XY3x-6/120 1-XY3x-3/120
1.5
0.059
1.4
0.055
8
0.315
6.3
0.248
3
0.118
2.8
0.110
10.5
0.413
8
0.315
6
0.236
5.5
0.217
17.5
0.689
12
0.472
1-XY33-1.5/350 1-XY33-3/350 1-XY33-6/350
1-XY3x-1.5/350# 1-XY3x-3/350 1-XY3x-6/350
1.5
0.059
1.5
0.059
7.7
0.303
6.3
0.248
3
0.118
2.9
0.114
10.9
0.429
7.6
0.299
6
0.236
5.9
0.232
18
0.709
12
0.472
0.6 (0.024)
1.5 (0.059)
3 (0.118)
6 (0.236)
28
SG / Y series with 2 measuring grids / T rosette

XY71
Steel
Aluminum
Others 1-XY7x-0.6/120 1-XY7x-1.5/120 1-XY7x-3/120 1-XY7x-6/120
120 120 120 120 350 350 350

0.024

0.232
XY73
V 1 2.5 5.5 10 4.5 9 18.5 LS7 LS7 LS7 LS4 LS7 LS5 LS4
0.7
0.028
4.3
0.169
XY7x
1.5
0.059
1.2
0.047
6.5
0.256
5
0.197
3
0.118
2.7
0.106
11.5
0.453
7.3
0.287
6
0.236
5
0.197
18.5
0.728
12.5
0.492
1-XY71-1.5/350 1-XY71-3/350
1-XY73-1.5/350 1-XY73-3/350
1-XY7x-1.5/350 1-XY7x-3/350 1-XY7x-6/350
1.5
0.059
1.4
0.055
6.5
0.256
5
0.197
3
0.118
2.7
0.106
11.5
0.453
7.3
0.287
6
0.236
5.4
0.213
18.5
0.728
12.5
0.492
0.6 (0.024)
1.5 (0.059)
3 (0.118)
6 (0.236)
Stock types
Variants
Nominal resistance
XY91
0/90 stacked T rosette Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
Steel 1-XY91-1.5/120 1-XY91-3/120 1-XY91-6/120 1-XY91-10/120
Aluminum 1-XY93-1.5/120 1-XY93-3/120 1-XY93-6/120
Others 1-XY9x-1.5/120 1-XY9x-3/120 1-XY9x-6/120 1-XY9x-10/120
120 120 120 120
Measuring grid a b1 b2 1.5 3 6 10 1.2 1.4 1.9 3.2 1.2 1.3 2.2 3.8
Measuring grid carrier c d 4.7 6.2 10 15.2 5.2 7.9 9.6 14
XY93
V 2 3.5 5.5 9 LS5 LS7 LS4 LS212
0.059 0.047 0.047 0.185 0.205 0.118 0.065 0.051 0.244 0.311 0.236 0.075 0.087 0.394 0.378 0.394 0.126 0.150 0.598 0.551
XY9x
1.5 (0.059)
3 (0.118)
6 (0.236)
10 (0.394)
29
SG / Y series with 2 measuring grids / torsion/shear strain gages / T rosette

XY101
Steel 1-XY101-1.5/120 1-XY101-3/120
Aluminum
Others 1-XY10x-1.5/120
120 120 120 350 350

0.059

0.315
XY103
V 2.5 5 10.5 9.5 19 LS7 LS5 LS4 LS5 LS4

d b a c
1.4
0.055
8.3
0.327
XY10x
1-XY103-3/120
1-XY10x-3/120 1-XY10x-6/120
3
0.118
2.8
0.110
10.6
0.417
9.8
0.386
6
0.236
5.5
0.217
18
0.709
16.5
0.650
1-XY101-3/350
1-XY103-3/350
1-XY10x-3/350 1-XY10x-6/350
3
0.118
2.9
0.114
10.6
0.417
9.8
0.386
6
0.236
5.9
0.232
18
0.709
16.5
0.650
1.5 (0.059)
3 (0.118)
Stock types
Variants
Nominal resistance
XY21
Shear/torsion half bridge Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
Aluminum
Others 1-XY2x-0.6/120# 1-XY2x-1.5/120 1-XY2x-3/120 1-XY2x-6/120 1-XY2x-1.5/350#
120 120 120 120 350 350 350 700 700
Measuring grid a b1 b2 0.6 1.5 3 6 1.5 3 6 3 6 2 1.7 4.3 8 2.1 4 7.8 4 7.8 1.1 2.5 5.3 10 2.5 5.3 10 5.3 10
Measuring grid carrier c d 7.5 6.8 11.2 4 4.5 9.5
XY23
V 2.5 4.5 6 11 5 10 19 13 26 LS7 LS7 LS5 LS4 LS7 LS4 LS4 LS4 LS4
0.024 0.079 0.043 0.295 0.157 0.059 0.067 0.098 0.268 0.177 0.118 0.169 0.209 0.441 0.374
XY2x
17.5 12.7 7.4 11.2 4.5 9.5
0.236 0.315 0.394 0.689 0.500 0.059 0.083 0.098 0.291 0.177 0.118 0.157 0.0209 0.441 0.374
1-XY23-3/350 1-XY23-6/350
1-XY2x-3/350 1-XY2x-6/350 1-XY2x-3/700# 1-XY2x-6/700
17.5 12.7 11.2 9.5
0.236 0.307 0.394 0.689 0.500 0.118 0.157 0.0209 0.441 0.374
0.6 (0.024)
1.5 (0.059)
17.5 12.7
0.236 0.307 0.394 0.689 0.500
3 (0.118)
6 (0.236)
30
SG / Y series with 2 measuring grids / torsion/shear strain gages

XY41
Shear/torsion half bridge Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
Steel 1-XY41-0.6/120 1-XY41-1.5/120 1-XY41-3/120 1-XY41-6/120
Aluminum
120 120 120 120 350 350 350 700 700
Measuring grid a b1 b2 0.6 1.5 3 6 1.5 3 6 3 6 2.1 1.7 3 6 1.5 4.1 6 4.1 6 1.6 3.1 5.4 10.2 1.95 5.6 10 5.6 10
Measuring grid carrier c d 6.5 7.5 11 16 3 11 16 11 16 4.6 4.6 8 12.2 7.5 8 12.2 8 12.2
XY43
V 1.5 2.5 5 9.5 4 9.5 16 13.5 23 LS7 LS7 LS7 LS4 LS7 LS7 LS4 LS7 LS4
0.024 0.083 0.063 0.256 0.181 0.059 0.067 0.122 0.295 0.181 0.118 0.118 0.213 0.433 0.315 0.236 0.236 0.402 0.630 0.480 0.059 0.059 0.077 0.118 0.295 0.118 0.161 0.220 0.433 0.315 0.236 0.236 0.394 0.630 0.480 0.118 0.161 0.220 0.433 0.315 0.236 0.236 0.394 0.630 0.480
XY4x
1-XY43-1.5/120
1-XY4x-1.5/120 1-XY4x-3/120 1-XY4x-6/120 1-XY4x-1.5/350
1-XY41-3/350 1-XY41-6/350 1-XY41-3/700
1-XY43-3/350
1-XY4x-3/350 1-XY4x-6/350 1-XY4x-3/700# 1-XY4x-6/700
0.6 (0.024)
1.5 (0.059)
3 (0.118)
6 (0.236)
31
SG / Y series with 3 measuring grids / rosettes

RY11
0/45/90 rosette Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
Steel 1-RY11-3/120 1-RY11-6/120 1-RY11-10/120
Aluminum 1-RY13-3/120 1-RY13-6/120
Others 1-RY1x-3/120# 1-RY1x-6/120 1-RY1x-10/120
120 120 120
Measuring grid a1 a2 b 0.8 2 2.9 3 6 10 0.8 1.3 2.6
Measuring grid carrier c d 7 11 7 11
RY13
V 1.5 3 5 LS7 LS5 LS4
0.031 0.118 0.031 0.276 0.276 0.079 0.236 0.051 0.433 0.433
RY1x
15.4 15.4
0.114 0.394 0.102 0.606 0.606
Illustrations show actual size (Dimension a2 in mm/inch)
3 (0.118)
6 (0.236)
a2
a1
d 10 (0.394)
Stock types
Variants
Nominal resistance
RY31
Steel 1-RY31-3/120 1-RY31-6/120 1-RY31-10/120
Aluminum
Others 1-RY3x-3/120#
120 120 120

0.031 0.118 0.031 0.079 0.236 0.051 0.114 0.394 0.102

0.276
RY33
V 2 3 5 LS7 LS5 LS4
RY3x
1-RY33-6/120
1-RY3x-6/120 1-RY3x-10/120
11
0.433
15.4
0.606
Illustrations show actual size (Dimension a2 in mm/inch) (1) Solder terminals are not compulsory Types marked # are only available with matching to aluminum, ferritic or austenitic steel
3 (0.118)
6 (0.236)
b d a2 a1
10 (0.394)
32

RY41
Steel
Aluminum
Others 1-RY4x-3/120#
120 120 120
RY4x
V 1.5 3 5 LS7 LS5 LS4
Illustrations show actual size (Dimension a2 in mm/inch) Temperature response matching at customers choice, see page 20
0.031 0.118 0.031 0.276 0.276 0.079 0.236 0.051 0.433 0.433
1-RY41-6/120 1-RY41-10/120
1-RY4x-6/120 1-RY4x-10/120
15.4 15.4
0.114 0.394 0.102 0.606 0.606
3 (0.118)
c b
6 (0.236)
d a1
a2
10 (0.394)
Stock types
Variants
Nominal resistance
RY7x
0/60/120 rosette Temperature response matching at customers choice, see page 20
Steel
Aluminum
Others 1-RY7x-3/120# 1-RY7x-6/120 1-RY7x-10/120
120 120 120

0.031 0.118 0.031 0.079 0.236 0.051 0.114 0.394 0.102

0.276
V 1.5 3 5 LS7 LS5 LS4
11
0.433
15.4
0.606
3 (0.118)
6 (0.236)
d a1 a2
10 (0.394)
33

RY81
0/45/90 rectangular rosette Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
Steel
Aluminum
Others 1-RY8x-0.6/120#
120 120 120 120 350 350 350

0.024

0.189
RY83
V 2 2.5 3 7.5 5 5.5 12 LS7 LS7 LS7 LS4 LS7 LS7 LS4
1.2
0.047
8.7
0.343
RY8x
1-RY81-1.5/120 1-RY81-3/120 1-RY81-6/120 1-RY83-3/120
1-RY8x-1.5/120 1-RY8x-3/120 1-RY8x-6/120 1-RY8x-1.5/350# 1-RY8x-3/350
1.5
0.059
1.2
0.047
8.2
0.323
13.5
0.531
3
0.118
0.9
0.035
9.7
0.382
13.5
0.531
6
0.236
2.8
0.110
16.4
0.646
22.9
0.902
1.5
0.059
1.6
0.063
8.2
0.323
14.6
0.575
3
0.118
1
0.039
9.7
0.382
14.6
0.575
1-RY81-6/350
1-RY8x-6/350
6
0.236
2.4
0.094
16.4
0.646
22.9
0.902
1.5 (0.059)
0.6 (0.024)
3 (0.118)
6 (0.236)
Stock types
Variants
Nominal resistance
RY91
0/45/90 rosette, stacked measuring grids Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
Steel 1-RY91-1.5/120 1-RY91-3/120 1-RY91-6/120 1-RY91-10/120
Aluminum
Others 1-RY9x-1.5/120
120 120 120 120

0.059

0.354
RY93
Temperature response matched to aluminum witht = 23 10-6/K (12.8 10-6/F)
V 1.5 2 4.5 7 LS7 LS7 LS7 LS7
1.25
0.049
8
0.315
RY9x
1-RY93-3/120 1-RY93-6/120
1-RY9x-3/120 1-RY9x-6/120 1-RY9x-10/120
3
0.118
1.25
0.049
9
0.354
9
0.354
6
0.236
2.5
0.098
12.5
0.492
11
0.433
10
0.394
4
0.157
18.5
0.728
16
0.630
1.5 (0.059) 3 (0.118)
6 (0.236)
10 (0.394)
34

RY101
Steel 1-RY101-1.5/120 1-RY101-3/120
Aluminum
Others 1-RY10x-1.5/120
120 120 120 350 350

0.059

0.323
RY103
V 2.5 3 7.5 5.5 12 LS7 LS7 LS4 LS7 LS4
1.2
0.047
13.5
0.531
RY10x
1-RY103-3/120
1-RY10x-3/120 1-RY10x-6/120
3
0.118
0.9
0.035
9.7
0.382
13.5
0.531
6
0.236
2.8
0.110
16.4
0.646
22.9
0.902
1-RY101-3/350
1-RY103-3/350
1-RY10x-3/350 1-RY10x-6/350
3
0.118
1
0.039
9.7
0.382
13.5
0.531
6
0.236
2.4
0.094
16.4
0.646
22.9
0.902
1.5 (0.059)
3 (0.118)
d b a c
6 (0.236)
35
SG / Y series with 4 measuring grids / full bridges

VY11
0/90 T full bridge Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
Steel 1-VY11-3/120 1-VY11-6/120
Aluminum
Others 1-VY1x-3/120 1-VY1x-6/120
120 120
0.118

0.531
VY1x
V 6 12 LS5 LS5
7
0.276
13.5
0.531
6
0.236
14
0.551
23
0.906
23
0.906
3 (0.118) 6 (0.236)
Stock types
Variants
Nominal resistance
VY41
Shear/torsion full bridge Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
Steel 1-VY41-3/120
Aluminum
Others 1-VY4x-3/120 1-VY4x-6/120
120 120 350 350
0.118

0.394
VY43
V 3.5 7.5 6 13 LS7 LS4 LS7 LS4
1.3
0.051
9.8
0.386
6
0.236
2.7
0.106
17
0.669
18
0.709
VY4x
1-VY41-3/350
1-VY43-3/350
1-VY4x-3/350 1-VY4x-6/350
3
0.118
1.2
0.047
10
0.394
9.8
0.386
6
0.236
2.7
0.106
17
0.669
18
0.709

d a b
3 (0.118)
6 (0.236)
36
SG / Y series
Stock types Variants
full bridge / diaphragm rosettes

Nominal resistance Dimensions (mm/inch) Max. perm. Solder effective terminals bridge excitation voltage
MY21
Diaphragm rosette Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
Steel
Aluminum
Others 1-MY2x-6/120
120 350
0.236

0.287
MY2x
V 3.5 13 LS7 LS5
1-MY21-15/350
1-MY2x-15/350
15
0.591
17
0.669
Illustrations show actual size (Dimension a in mm/inch)
6 (0.236)
15 (0.591)
37
SG / Y series strain gage chains

KY11
Strain gage chain Comprising 10 measuring grids in parallel to the chain axis and 1 compensating strain gage. Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
Steel 1-KY11-1/120 1-KY11-2/120 1-KY11-4/120
Aluminum 1-KY13-1/120 1-KY13-2/120
Others 1-KY1x-1/120# 1-KY1x-2/120 1-KY1x-4/120
120 120 120
Measuring Measuring Pitch grid grid carrier a b c d t 0.6 1.5 3 1 1.3 2.1 7.2 6.7 9.7 14.5 24.5 44.5 1 2 4
0.024 0.039 0.283 0.571 0.039 0.059 0.051 0.264 0.965 0.079 0.118 0.083 0.382 1.752 0.157
V 2 2.5 5 LS7 LS7 LS7
KY13
KY1x
Illustrations show actual size (Pitch t in mm/inch)
1 (0.039)
2 (0.079)
4 (0.159)
Contents per package: 1 piece
Stock types
Variants
Nominal resistance
KY21
Strain gage chain Comprising 10 measuring grids vertical to the chain axis and 1 compensating strain gage. Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
Steel 1-KY21-1/120 1-KY21-2/120
Aluminum 1-KY23-1/120
Others 1-KY2x-1/120# 1-KY2x-2/120
120 120
Measuring Measuring Pitch grid grid carrier a b c d t 0.8 1.7 0.8 1.7 6.9 9.5 15 27 4 2
0.031 0.031 0.272 0.591 0.157 0.067 0.067 0.374 1.063 0.079
V 1.5 3.5 LS7 LS7
KY23
KY2x
Types marked # are only available with matching to aluminum, ferritic or austenitic steel Illustrations show actual size (Pitch t in mm/inch)
1 (0.039)
2 (0.079)
38

KY41
Strain gage chain Comprising 10 measuring grids (5 in parallel, 5 vertical to the chain axis, alternatingly) and 1 compensating strain gage. Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K. (6.0 10-6/F)
Steel
Aluminum
Others 1-KY4x-2/120
120 120
Measuring Measuring Pitch grid grid carrier a b c d t 1.2 3 1.3 3 9.2 24.5 2 4
0.047 0.051 0.362 0.965 0.079
V 2.5 6 LS7 LS5
KY4x
1-KY41-4/120
1-KY4x-4/120
11.5 44.5
0.118 0.118 0.453 1.752 0.157
2 (0.079)
4 (0.159)
Stock types
Variants
Nominal resistance
KY3x
Strain gage rosette chain comprising 5 rosettes each with 3 0/60/120measuring grids and 1 compensating strain gage Temperature response matching at customers choice, see page 20
Steel
Aluminum
Others 1-KY3x-4/120
120
Measuring Measuring Pitch grid grid carrier a b c d t 1.3 4.1 8.3 25 4

0.051 0.161 0.327 0.984 0.157
V 2.5 LS7
c b
d t
4 (0.159)
39

KY5x
Strain gage chain comprising 10 measuring grids with common connection in parallel to the measuring chain axis and 1 compensating strain gage Temperature response matching at customers choice, see page 20
Steel
Aluminum
Others 1-KY5x-1/120# 1-KY5x-2/120
120 120
Measuring Measuring Pitch grid grid carrier a b c d t 0.6 1.5 1.1 1.3 5.6 6 12.8 22.8 1 2
0.024 0.043 0.220 0.504 0.039 0.059 0.051 0.236 0.898 0.079
V 1.5 2.5 Illustrations show actual size (Pitch t in mm/inch)

c b
d t
1 (0.039)
2 (0.079)
Stock types
Variants
Nominal resistance
KY6x
Strain gage chain comprising 10 measuring grids with common connection vertical to the measuring chain axis and 1 compensating strain gage Temperature response matching at customers choice, see page 20
c a
Steel
Aluminum
Others 1-KY6x-1/120# 1-KY6x-2/120
120 120
Measuring Measuring Pitch grid grid carrier a b c d t 0.8 1.3 0.6 1.5 5.6 6 12.8 22.8 1 2
0.031 0.024 0.220 0.504 0.039
V 1.2 2.5 Illustrations show actual size (Pitch t in mm/inch)
0.051 0.059 0.236 0.898 0.079
Types marked # are only available with matching to aluminum, ferritic or austenitic steel
1 (0.039)
2 (0.079)
40

KY7x
Strain gage chain comprising 10 measuring grids with common connection (5 in parallel, 5 vertical to the measuring chain axis, alternatingly) and 1 compensating strain gage Temperature response matching at customers choice, see page 20
Steel
Aluminum
Others 1-KY7x-2/120
120
Measuring Measuring Pitch grid grid carrier a b c d t 1.3 1.5 6 22.8 2

0.051 0.059 0.236 0.898 0.079
V 2.5 Illustrations show actual size (Pitch t in mm/inch)

c a

t d
2 (0.079)
Stock types
Variants
Nominal resistance
KY8x
Strain gage chain comprising 10 measuring grids with common connection in parallel to the measuring chain axis and 1 compensating strain gage Temperature response matching at customers choice, see page 20
Steel
Aluminum
Others 1-KY8x-2/120
120

0.047 0.035 0.197 0.854 0.079
V 2 Illustrations show actual size (Pitch t in mm/inch)
2 (0.079)
Stock types
Variants
Nominal resistance
KY9x
Strain gage chain comprising 10 measuring grids with common connection vertical to the measuring chain axis and 1 compensating strain gage Temperature response matching at customers choice, see page 20
Steel
Aluminum
Others 1-KY9x-2/120
120

0.047 0.035 0.197 0.854 0.079
V 2 Illustrations show actual size (Pitch t in mm/inch)
2 (0.079)
41
SG with connection cable
K-LY... / K-XY.../ K-RY...
Special features
No soldering at the measuring point required Proven quality of the Y series strain gages, now also available with prewired PVC ribbon cable 50 mm Teon wire, optional cable lengths from 0.5 m up to 10 m 2-, 3- and 4-wire versions Linear strain gages, T rosettes, shear/torsion strain gages and 3-measuring grid rosettes Teon wire on the strain gage prevents the cable from sticking during installation
42
Specications
strain gage construction measuring grid material thickness carrier material thickness cover material thickness connections foil SG complete with embedded measuring grid m m m Constantan foil 3.8 or 5, depending on strain gage type polyimide 45 10 polyimide 25 5 Teon wires, 0.051 mm2, approx. 50 mm long, connected to AWG28 ribbon cables (PVC insulated) through soldering sleeves in 2-, 3- or 4-wire circuit, in different lengths % 120, 350, 700, or 1000, depending on SG type 0.3 approx. 2 (specied on each package) 1 (115 10) 10-6 specied on each package 23 with PVC cable -10 + 90 -10 + 90 specied on each package +0.2 specied on each package 1/K 1/K 1/K 1/K 1/K 1/K 1/K 1/K C 10.8 10-6 23 10-6 65 10-6 16 10-6 9 10-6 5.4 10-6 0.5 10-6 0.3 10-6 -10 + 120 without PVC cable - 10 ... +155 - 10 ... +155
nominal resistance1) resistance tolerance1) gage factor gage factor tolerance 1) temperature coefficient of the gage factor1) nominal value of the temperature coefficient of the gage factor reference temperature operating temperature range for absolute, i.e. zero point related measurements for relative, i.e. not zero point related measurements transverse sensitivity for LY41-3/120 temperature response temperature response at customers choice matched to the thermal expansion coefficient for ferritic steel for aluminum for plastic material for austenitic steel for titanium/ gray steel for molybdenum for quartz tolerance of the temperature response1) temperature response with matching in the range of3) mechanical hysteresis at reference temperature and strain = 1,000 m/m on strain gage type LY 11-6/120 at 1st load cycle and adhesive Z 70 at 3rd load cycle and adhesive Z 70 at 1st load cycle and adhesive X 60 at 3rd load cycle and adhesive X 60 maximum elongation at reference temperature using adhesive Z 70 on strain gage type LY41-3/120 absolute strain value for positive direction absolute strain value for negative direction fatigue life at reference temperature using adhesive Z 70 on strain gage type LY41-3/120 number of load cycles Lw at alternating strain w = 1,000 m/m and zero point drift m 300 zero point drift m 30 minimum radius of curvature, longitudinal and transverse, at reference temperature within the measuring grid area within the area of the solder tabs bonding material that can be used cold curing adhesives
1)
% 1/K
C C C %
m/m m/m m/m m/m
1 0.5 2.5 1
m/m m/m
20,000 ( 25,000 (
>
2 %) 2.5%)
m/m m/m mm mm
> 1 . 107 (test was interrupted at 107) 5 . 106 0.3 10 Z70; X60; X280
3)
= Properties of strain gages without at ribbon cables (incl. Teon wire) For more information such as permissible excitation voltage and dimensions, see Strain gages /Y series (page 23) Matching to plastic (code numer 8) is only possible in the temperature range of -10+50C.
>
43

Types that can be supplied at short notice Variants Nominal resistance Dimensions (mm/inch)
(incl. Teon wire) with 1 measuring grid

K-LY41
not required
Steel K-LY41-3/120 K-LY41-6/120 K-LY41-10/120 K-LY41-20/120 K-LY41-50/120
Aluminum
Others K-LY4x-3/120
120 120 120 120 120 120 120 350 350 350 700 700 700 1000 1000 1000
0.118

0.315
K-LY43
V 4 8 14 7 12 19 25 9 15 24 13 23 33 16 27 40
1.1
0.043
5
0.197
K-LY4x
K-LY43-6/120
K-LY4x-6/120 K-LY4x-10/120 K-LY4x-20/120 K-LY4x-50/120 K-LY4x-100/120 K-LY4x-150/120 K-LY4x-3/350
6
0.236
2.3
0.091
13.9
0.547
5.9
0.232
10
0.394
5
0.197
18
0.709
8
0.315
20
0.787
0.7
0.028
31.8
1.252
8.2
0.323
50
1.969
0.9
0.035
63.6
2.504
8.2
0.323
100
3.937
1
0.039
114.8
4.520
8.2
0.323
150
5.906
1.3
0.051
165.6
6.520
8.2
0.323
3
0.118
2.5
0.098
10.9
0.429
5.9
0.232
K-LY41-6/350
K-LY4x-6/350 K-LY4x-10/350 K-LY4x-3/700 K-LY4x-6/700 K-LY4x-10/700 K-LY4x-3/1000# K-LY4x-6/1000# K-LY4x-10/1000#
6
0.236
2.7
0.106
13.9
0.547
5.9
0.232
10
0.394
5
0.197
18
0.709
8
0.315
3
0.118
2.7
0.106
10.9
0.429
5.9
0.232
6
0.236
4.1
0.161
13.9
0.547
5.9
0.232
10
0.394
5
0.197
18
0.709
8
0.315
3
0.118
2.7
0.106
10.9
0.429
5.9
0.232
6
0.236
4.3
0.169
13.9
0.547
5.9
0.232
10
0.394
5
0.197
18
0.709
8
0.315
*Variants: minimum order quantity of 3 packages # = only available with temperature response matched to ferritic steel, austenitic steel and aluminum
Available cable lengths, see page 46
3
(0.118)
6
(0.236)
10
(0.394)
20
(0.787)
50
(2.968)
100
(3.937)
150
(5.905)
44

(incl. Teon wire) with 2 measuring grids

K-XY31
not required
Steel
Aluminum
Others K-XY3x-3/120
120 120 350 350
0.118

0.413
K-XY33
V 5.5 11 10 10
2.8
0.110
8
0.315
K-XY3x
K-XY31-6/120 K-XY31-3/350 K-XY33-6/350
K-XY3x-6/120 K-XY3x-3/350 K-XY3x-6/350
6
0.236
5.5
0.217
17.5
0.689
12
0.472
3
0.118
2.9
0.114
10.9
0.429
7.6
0.299
3
0.118
2.9
0.114
10.9
0.429
7.6
0.299
Illustrations show actual size
3
(0.118)
6
(0.236) Contents per package: 5 pcs.
Stock types
Variants
Steel
Aluminum
Others K-XY4x-3/120 K-XY4x-6/120 K-XY4x-3/350 K-XY4x-6/350 K-XY4x-3/700# K-XY4x-6/700
120 120 350 350 700 700
Measuring grid a b1 b2 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 4.1 6 4.1 6 5.4 10.2 5.6 10 5.6 10
Measuring grid carrier c d 11 16 11 16 11 16 8 12.2 8 12.2 8 12.2
not required
Nominal resistance
K-XY4x
Shear/ torsion half bridge Temperature response matching at customers choice, see page 20
V 5 9.5 9.5 16 13.5 23
0.118 0.118 0.213 0.433 0.315 0.236 0.236 0.402 0.630 0.480 0.118 0.161 0.220 0.433 0.315 0.236 0.236 0.394 0.630 0.480 0.118 0.161 0.220 0.433 0.315 0.236 0.236 0.394 0.630 0.480
3
(0.118)
*Variants: minimum order quantity of 3 packages # = only available with temperature response matched to ferritic steel, austenitic steel and aluminum
6
(0.236)
45

(incl. Teon wire) with 3 measuring grids

K-RY61R
0/45/90 rectangular hole drilling rosette Temperature response matching at customers choice, see page 20
c b
Steel
Aluminum
Others K-RY6x-1.5/120R**
120

0.059

0.531
not required
V 2
a d
0.72
0.028
8
0.315
1.5
Types that can be supplied at short notice
Variants
not required
Nominal resistance
K-RY81
Steel K-RY81-3/120 K-RY81-6/120
Aluminum
Others K-RY8x-3/120
120 120 350 350
0.118

0.382
K-RY83
V 3 7.5 5.5 12
0.9
0.035
14.6
0.575
K-RY8x
K-RY83-6/120
K-RY8x-6/120 K-RY8x-3/350 K-RY8x-6/350
6
0.236
2.8
0.110
13.2
0.520
22.9
0.902
3
0.118
1
0.039
9.7
0.382
14.6
0.575
6
0.236
2.4
0.094
13.1
0.516
22.9
0.902
*Variants: minimum order quantity of 3 packages **= only available with temperature response matched to ferritic steel
3
(0.118)
6
(0.236)
Available cable lengths (mounted PVC ribbon cable)

K-LY4... 2- 3- 4wire 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 7.5 10 m (1 ft 7.7 inch) m (3 ft 3.4 inch) m (6 ft 6.7 inch) m (9 ft 10.1 inch) m (13 ft 1.5 inch) m (16 ft 4.9 inch) m (24 ft 7.3 inch) m (32 ft 9.7 inch)

K-XY3... 2- 3- 4wire 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 7.5 10 m (1 ft 7.7 inch) m (3 ft 3.4 inch) m (6 ft 6.7 inch) m (9 ft 10.1 inch) m (13 ft 1.5 inch) m (16 ft 4.9 inch) m (24 ft 7.3 inch) m (32 ft 9.7 inch)

0.5 1 2 3 4 5 7.5 10
K-XY4... 2- 3wire m (1 ft 7.7 inch) - m (3 ft 3.4 inch) - m (6 ft 6.7 inch) - m (9 ft 10.1 inch) - m (13 ft 1.5 inch) - m (16 ft 4.9 inch) - m (24 ft 7.3 inch) - m (32 ft 9.7 inch) -
40.5 1 2 3 4 5 7.5 10
K-RY6.../RY8... 2- 3- 4wire m (1 ft 7.7 inch) m (3 ft 3.4 inch) m (6 ft 6.7 inch) m (9 ft 10.1 inch) m (13 ft 1.5 inch) m (16 ft 4.9 inch) m (24 ft 7.3 inch) m (32 ft 9.7 inch)

46
V series strain gages

Encapsulated strain gages
V series strain gages

3m (9 ft 10.1 inch) stranded connection wire, PVC insulated High mechanical protection
Experimental stress analysis on a railway rail
47
SG / V series
Stock types
encapsulated strain gages with 3m stranded connection wire

Nominal resistance Dimensions (mm/inch) Max. perm. effective bridge excitation voltage
LV41
Linear strain gage Contents per package: 10 pcs.
XV91
0/90 T rosette Contents per package: 5 pcs.
1-LV41-3/120-0.5* 1-LV41-3/120 1-XV91-3/120 1-RV91-3/120

* with cable 20 inch in length
0.118

0.748
V 2 2 2 1
RV91
0/45/90 rosette Contents per package: 5 pcs. Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
120 120 120 120
1
0.039
12
0.472
3
0.118
1
0.039
19
0.748
12
0.472
3
0.118
1.4
0.055
24.5
0.965
20.5
0.807
3
0.118
1.25
0.049
24.5
0.965
20.5
0.807
LV41
XV91
RV91
Specications
strain gage construction measuring grid material thickness carrier material thickness cover material thickness potting material thickness connections foil SG complete with embedded measuring grid and cable in plastic potting m (microinch) m (microinch) m (microinch) mm (inch) Constantan foil 5 (197) polyimide 45 10 (1772 394) polyimide 25 5 (984 197) plastic approx. 1.5 (0.059) PVC coated stranded connection wires, 3 m (118 inch) long in 2-wire circuit except 1-LV41-3/120-0.5 with 20 inch 120; including stranded connection wire 0.5 approx. 2 specied on each package 1 approx. 115 10 10-6 (64 5.5) 10-6 specied on each package 23 (73.4) 30 +105 (-22... +221) 30 +105 (-22... +221) specied on each package 10 +105 (14... 221)
nominal resistance resistance tolerance gage factor nominal value of the gage factor gage factor tolerance temperature coefficient of the gage factor nominal value of the temperature coefficient of the gage factor reference temperature operating temperature range for absolute, i.e. zero point related measurements for relative, i.e. not zero point related measurements temperature response temperature response with matching in the range of maximum elongation1) at reference temperature using adhesive Z 70 on strain gage typeLV41-3/120 absolute strain value for positive direction absolute strain value for negative direction minimum radius of curvature, longitudinal and transverse, at reference temperature bonding material that can be used cold curing adhesives
% 1/K (1/F)
C (F) C (F) C (F)
C (F)
m/m (microstrain) m/m (microstrain) mm (inch)
20,000 ( 2%) 50,000 ( 5%) 100 (3.94)
Z 70; X 60; X280
1)
The data depends on different installation parameters and is therefore specied for representative examples only.
48
Special SG
encapsulated strain gage with stranded wire

IP 67 1) protection 1 m (39.4 inch) Teon insulated stranded connection wire Moisture proof and resistant against chemicals 2) due to full encapsulation in special plastic material Excellent zero signal stability with changing moisture 2-wire or 4-wire circuit alternatively
Dimensions (mm/inch) Max. perm. effective bridge excitation voltage
Stock types
Nominal resistance
LE11
encapsulated linear strain gage Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6 /K (6.0 10-6/F)
1-LE11-3/350Z (2-wire connection) 1-LE11-3/350V 4-wire connection) 350 350
0.118

0.591
V 6 6
2
0.079
9
0.354
3
0.118
2
0.079
15
0.591
9
0.354
Specications
Type strain gage construction measuring grid material measuring grid length carrier material thickness covering material thickness of the complete SG nominal resistance resistance tolerance per package gage factor nominal value of the gage factor gage factor tolerance reference temperature operating temperature range for installation with Z 70 for installation with EP 250/EP 310S/X 280 temperature response matched to thermal expansion coefficient a for ferritic steel temperature range of the matching of the temperature response transverse sensitivity within reference temperature range using adhesive Z 70 minimum radius of curvature at reference temperature longitudinal and transverse maximum elongation at reference temperature fatigue life1) at reference temperature using adhesive Z 70 number of load cycles Lw at alternating strain w = 1,000 mm/m and zero point drift m 300 mm/m (microstrain) m 30 mm/m (microstrain) connection cable, 1m long bonding material that can be used LE11-3/350 foil SG IP 67, resistant against chemicals2) Constantan foil 3 (0.118) special plastic material 25 (984) special plastic material, 25 m (984 microinch)thick 0.65 (0.026) 350 0.5 approx. 2 specied on each package 1 23 (73.4) -70 +120 (-94... +248) -200 +180 (-328... +356) 10.8 10-6 (6.0 10-6) -10 +120 (14... +248)
mm (inch) m (microinch) mm (inch) %
% C (F) C (F) C (F) 1/K (1/F) C (F)
% mm (inch) m/m (microstrain)
0.25 3 (0.118) 50,000 ( 5%)
>> 107 (test was interrupted at 107) > 107 (test was interrupted at 107) 2 or 4 Teon insulated stranded wires Z 70, EP 310S, EP 250, X 280
1) Please
note the resistance of the adhesives used
2) only
concentrated acids (sulphuric acid, nitric acid) will destroy this special plastic material. High resistance against fuels and engine oils
49
C series strain gages
C series strain gages

The specialist for extreme temperatures -269... +250C (-452... +482F) Temperature response with matching in the range of -200... +250C (-328... +482F) Flexible, therefore easy to handle
Tensile force measurement using C series strain gages at low temperatures (permafrost)
50
Specications
strain gage construction measuring grid material thickness carrier material thickness cover material thickness connections nominal resistance resistance tolerance gage factor nominal value of the gage factor gage factor tolerance temperature coefficient of the gage factor reference temperature operating temperature range for absolute, i.e. zero point related measurements for relative, i.e. not zero point related measurements transverse sensitivity within reference temperature range using adhesive Z 70 on strain gage type LC11-6/120 temperature response temperature response at customers choice matched to the thermal expansion coefficient for ferritic steel for aluminum tolerance of the temperature response temperature response with matching in the range of mechanical hysteresis1) at reference temperature and strain = 1,000 m/m (microstrain) on strain gage type LC11-6/120 at 1st load cycle and adhesive Z 70 at 3rd load cycle and adhesivef Z 70 maximum elongation1) at reference temperature using adhesive Z 70 on strain gage type LC11-6/120 absolute strain value e for positive direction absolute strain value e for negative direction fatigue life1) at reference temperature using adhesive Z 70 on strain gage type LC11-6/120 number of load cycles Lw at alternating strain w = 1,000 m/m and zero point drift m m foil SG complete with embedded measuring grid m (microinch) m (microinch) m (microinch) % CrNi special alloy 5 (197) polyimide 45 10 (1,772 394) polyimide 25 5 (984 197) nickel plated Cu leads, approx. 30mm (1.18 inch) in length 120, 350 depending on SG type 0.35 approx. 2.2 specied on each package 1 specied on each package 23 (73.4) -200 +200 (-328... +392) -269 +250 (-452... +482)
C (F) C (F) C (F)
-0.15
1/K (1/F) 1/K (1/F) 1/K (1/F) C (F)
10.8 106 23 106 0.6 106 -200 +250
(6.0 10-6) (12.8 10-6) ( 0.34 10-6) (-328... +482)
1.25 0.75
20,000 ( 2 %) 100,000 ( 10 %)
300 m/m (microstrain) 30 m/m (microstrain)
>> 107 (test was interrupted at 107) > 107 (test was interrupted at 107)
minimum radius of curvature, longitudinal and transverse, at reference temperature within the measuring grid area within the area of the solder tabs bonding material that can be used cold curing adhesives hot curing adhesives
mm (inch) mm (inch)
0.3 (0.012) 2 (0.079) Z 70; X 60; X 280 EP 250; EP 310S
1)
The data depend on the various parameters of the specic application and are therefore stated for representative examples only.
51
SG / C series with 1 measuring grid, 2 measuring grids

LC11
Steel 1-LC11-3/120 1-LC11-6/120 1-LC11-10/120 1-LC11-3/350 1-LC11-6/350 1-LC11-10/350
Aluminum
Others
120 120 120
0.118

0.335
LC1x
V 6 9 11 10 14 18 LS5 LS5 LS5 LS5
3.2
0.126
5.5
0.217
6
0.236
3.2
0.126
12
0.472
5.5
0.217
Illustrations show actual size (Grid length in mm/inch) d b
10
0.394
3.2
0.126
16
0.630
5.5
0.217
1-LC1x-3/350* 1-LC1x-6/350* 1-LC1x-10/350*
350 350 350
3
0.118
3.2
0.126
8.5
0.335
5.5
0.217
6
0.236
3.2
0.126
12
0.472
5.5
0.217
ac
LS5 LS5 3
(0.118)
10
0.394
3.2
0.126
16
0.630
5.5
0.217
6
(0.236)
10
(0.394)
Stock types
Variants
Nominal resistance
XC11
Steel 1-XC11-3/350
Aluminum
Others 1-XC1x-3/350* 1-XC1x-6/350*
350 350
0.118

0.394
XC1x
V 10 20 LS7 LS4
Illustrations show actual size (Grid length in mm/inch) Temperature response matching at customers choice, see page 20
3.2
0.126
10
0.394
6
0.236
6.2
0.244
16
0.630
18
0.709
d
Types marked * are only available with matching to aluminum or ferritic steel
a c
3
6
(0.236)
52
SG / C series with 3 measuring grids

RC11
Steel 1-RC11-4/350
Aluminum
Others 1-RC1x-4/350* 1-RC1x-6/350*
350 350
Measuring grid a1 a2 b 1.1 2 4 6 1.1 1.3
RC1x
V 3.5 5 LS7 LS5
0.043 0.157 0.043 0.315 0.315 0.079 0.236 0.051 0.433 0.433

a2
Types marked * are only available with matching to aluminum or ferritic steel
b a1 d
4 (0.157)
6
(0.236)
53
G series strain gages
G series strain gages

Optimum strain gage for the manufacture of transducers Nominal resistances of 120 ohms and 350 ohms available Carrier material: glass ber reinforced phenolic resin/ Measuring grid material: constantan Leads: tted as standard
G series strain gages used on different base bodies in the manufacture of transducers
54
Specications
strain gage construction measuring grid material thickness carrier material thickness cover material thickness connections foil SG complete with embedded measuring grid m (microinch) m (microinch) m (microinch) Constantan foil 3.8 or 5 (150 or 197), depending on strain gage type glass ber reinforced phenolic resin 35 10 (1,378 394) glass ber reinforced phenolic resin 25 8 (984 315) nickel plated Cu leads, 0.2 or 0.3 x 0.06 x 30 mm (0.008 or 0.012 x 0.002 x 1.18 inch) 120 oder 350, depending on strain gage type 0.35 approx. 2 specied on each package 1.5 0.7 approx. (115 10) 10-6 (64 5.5) 10-6 specied on each package 23 (73.4) -70 +200 (-94... +392) -200 +200 (-328... +392)
nominal resistance resistance tolerance 2) gage factor nominal value of the gage factor gage factor tolerance for 0.6 mm (0.024 inch) and 1.5 mm (0.059 inch) measuring grid length for 3 mm (0.118 inch) measuring grid length temperature coefficient of the gage factor nominal value of the temperature coefficient of the gage factor reference temperature operating temperature range for absolute, i.e. zero point related measurements for relative, i.e. not zero point related measurements transverse sensitivity within reference temperature range using adhesive Z 70 on strain gage type LG11-6/120 temperature response emperature response at customers choice matched to the thermal expansion coefficient for ferritic steel for aluminum for plastic material for austenitic steel for titanium/ gray steel for molybdenum for quartz tolerance of the temperature response temperature response with matching in the range of3) mechanical hysteresis1) at reference temperature and strain = 1,000 m/m (microstrain) on strain gage type LG11-6/120 at 1st load cycle and adhesive EP 250 at 3rd load cycle and adhesive EP 250 at 1st load cycle and adhesive X 60 at 3rd load cycle and adhesive X 60 on strain gage type LG11-3/350 at 1st load cycle and adhesive Z 70 at 3rd load cycle and adhesive Z 70 maximum elongation1) at reference temperature using adhesive Z 70 on strain gage type LG 11-6/120 absolute strain value for positive direction absolute strain value for negative direction fatigue life1) at reference temperature using adhesive Z 70 on strain gage type LG11-6/120 number of load cycles Lw at alternating strain w = 1,000 m/m and zero point drift m 300 m/m (microstrain) m 30 m/m (microstrain) on strain gage type LG11-6/350 m 300 m/m (microstrain) m 30 m/m (microstrain) minimum radius of curvature, longitudinal and transverse, at reference temperature bonding material that can be used cold curing adhesives hot curing adhesives
% % 1/K (1/F)
C (F) C (F) C (F)
-0.1 specied on each package
1/K (1/F) 1/K (1/F) 1/K (1/F) 1/K (1/F) 1/K (1/F) 1/K (1/F) 1/K (1/F) 1/K (1/F) C (F)
(6.0 10-6) 10.8 10-6 (12.8 10-6) 23 10-6 (36.1 10-6) 65 10-6 (8.9 10-6) 16 10-6 (5.0 10-6) 9 10-6 (3.0 10-6) 5.4 10-6 (0.3 10-6) 0.5 10-6 0.3 10-6 ( 0.17 10-6) -10 + 120 (14... 248)
m/m (microstrain) m/m (microstrain) m/m (microstrain) m/m (microstrain) m/m (microstrain) m/m (microstrain)
0.5 0.5 3 1.5 1.6 0.8
20,000 ( 2 %) 50,000 ( 5 %)
>
>> 107 3 106 >> 107 3 106 mm (inch) 3 (0.118) Z 70; X 60; X 280 EP 250; EP 310S
1) 2) 3)
The data depend on the various parameters of the specic application and are therefore stated for representative examples only. With measuring grid lengths of 0.6 mm, the nominal resistance may deviate by 1%. Matching to plastic (code numer 8) is only possible in the temperature range of -10+50C (14F... 122F).
>
55
SG / G series with 1 measuring grid, 2 measuring grids

LG11
Steel
Aluminum
Others 1-LG1x-0.6/120# 1-LG1x-1.5/120
120 120 120 120 120 350 350 350

0.024

0.197
LG13
V 1.5 2.5 4 8 13 7 14 23 LS7 LS7 LS7 LS5 LS5 LS7 LS5 LS5
Illustrations show actual size (Grid length in mm/inch) Temperature response matched to aluminum with = 23 10-6/K (12.8 10-6/F)
1.4
0.055
3.2
0.126
1.5
0.059
1.2
0.047
6.5
0.256
4.7
0.185
LG1x
1-LG11-3/120 1-LG11-6/120 1-LG11-10/120 1-LG11-3/350 1-LG11-6/350 1-LG11-10/350 1-LG13-6/350
1-LG1x-3/120 1-LG1x-6/120 1-LG1x-10/120 1-LG1x-3/350 1-LG1x-6/350 1-LG1x-10/350
3
0.118
1.4
0.055
8.3
0.327
4.5
0.177
6
0.236
2.8
0.110
13
0.512
6.3
0.248
10
0.394
4.9
0.193
18.5
0.728
9.5
0.374
3
0.118
1.5
0.059
8.5
0.335
4.5
0.177
6
0.236
2.9
0.114
13
0.512
6
0.236
10
0.394
5
0.197
18.5
0.728
9.5
0.374
0.6
(0.024)
1.5
(0.059)
3
(0.118)
6
(0.236)
10
(0.394)
Stock types
Variants
Nominal resistance
XG11
T rosette Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
Steel
Aluminum
Others 1-XG1x-1.5/120
120 120 120 350 350

0.059

0.406
XG13
V 3 6 12 10 20 LS5 LS4 LS5 LS4 LS5
Illustrations show actual size (Grid length in mm/inch) Temperature response matched to aluminum with = 23 10-6/K (12.8 10-6/F)
1.5
0.059
5.7
0.224
1-XG11-3/120 1-XG11-6/120 1-XG11-3/350 1-XG11-6/350 1-XG13-3/350
1-XG1x-3/120 1-XG1x-6/120 1-XG1x-3/350 1-XG1x-6/350
3
0.118
3
0.118
14.5
0.571
7.5
0.295
XG1x
6
0.236
6
0.236
23.5
0.925
11
0.433
3
0.118
3
0.118
14.4
0.567
7.3
0.287
6
0.236
6
0.236
23.3
0.917
10.5
0.413
# = only available with temperature response matched to ferritic steel, austenitic steel and aluminum
1.5
(0.059)
3
(0.018)
6
(0.236)
56
SG / G series with 2 measuring grids

XG21
Shear/ torsion half bridge Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
Steel
Aluminum
Others 1-XG2x-1.5/120 1-XG2x-3/120 1-XG2x-6/120
120 120 120 350 350
Measuring grid a b1 b2 1.5 3 6 3 6 1.7 4.3 8 4.0 7.8 2.5 5.3 10 5.3 10
Measuring grid carrier c d 6.8 11.2 4.5 9.5
XG2x
V 4.5 6 11 10 19 LS7 LS5 LS5 LS4 LS5
0.059 0.067 0.098 0.268 0.177 0.118 0.169 0.209 0.441 0.374
17.5 12.7 11.2 9.5
0.236 0.315 0.394 0.689 0.500 0.118 0.157 0.209 0.441 0.374
1-XG21-3/350 1-XG21-6/350
1-XG2x-3/350 1-XG2x-6/350
17.5 12.7
1.5
(0.059)
0.236 0.307 0.394 0.689 0.500
3
(0.118)
6
(0.236) Contents per package: 5 pcs
57
K series strain gages
K series strain gages

Optimum strain gage for the manufacture of transducers Carrier material: glass ber reinforced phenolic resin/Measuring grid material: constantan Various strain gages with different creep adjustments available Especially matched compensating elements for zero point, TC0 and TCS balancing On request, every K strain gage without leads can be supplied as stick-on strain gage (with touch-dry adhesive coating, hot curing) for maximum precision and easy use in the manufacture of transducers.
Strain gage installation on a customized machine element
Z6 load cell from HBM without bellows
58
Specications
Type LK1x, DK1x, XK5x, XK1x, MK1x foil strain gage with embedded measuring grid with integrated leads m (microinch) m (microinch) m (microinch) LK2x, LK4x, DK2x, XK2x, XK6x, MK2x foil strain gage without cover with integrated solder tabs
strain gage construction
measuring grid material thickness carrier material thickness cover material thickness connections
Constantan foil 5 (197) glass ber reinforced phenolic resin 35 10 (1,378 394)
25 8 (984 315) nickel plated Cu leads approx. 30mm (1.18 inch) in length 350 0.35
integrated solder tabs
nominal resistance resistance tolerance gage factor nominal value of the gage factor4) gage factor tolerance 4) temperature coefficient of the gage factor nominal value of the temperature coefficient of the gage factor reference temperature operating temperature range for absolute, i.e. zero point related measurements for relative, i.e. not zero point related measurements transverse sensitivity within reference temperature range using adhesive Z 70 on strain gage type LK11E-3/350 temperature response temperature response at customers choice matched to the thermal expansion coefficient for ferritic steel for aluminum for plastic material for austenitic steel for titanium/ gray steel for molybdenum for quartz tolerance of the temperature response temperature response with matching in the range of3) Creep adjustment2) The end loop length u corresponds to a multiple of the grid line width s
% 1/K (1/F)
0.3 approx. 2 specied on each package 0.7 approx. (115 10) 10-6 (64 5.5) 10-6 specied on each package 23 (73.4) -70 +200 (-94... +392) -200 +200 (-328... +392) specied on each package
C (F) C (F) C (F)
-0.09 specied on each package
1/K (1/F) 1/K (1/F) 1/K (1/F) 1/K (1/F) 1/K (1/F) 1/K (1/F) 1/K (1/F) 1/K (1/F) C (F)
10.8 23 65 16 9 5.4 0.5 0.3 -10
10-6 (6.0 10-6) 10-6 (12.8 10-6) 10-6 (36.1 10-6) 10-6 (8.9 10-6) 10-6 (5.0 10-6) 10-6 (3.0 10-6) 10-6 (0.3 10-6) 10-6 ( 0.17 10-6) +120 (14... 248)
end loop
code letter A: u = 1s C: u = 2s E: u = 3s G: u = 4s I: u = 5s K:u = 6s
M: u = 7s O: u = 8 s Q: u = 9s S: u = 10s U: u = 11 s W: u = 12s
mechanical hysteresis1) at reference temperature and strain = 1,000 m/m (microstrain) on strain gage type LK11E-3/350 at 1st load cycle and adhesive Z 70 at 3rd load cycle and adhesive Z 70 maximum elongation1) at reference temperature using adhesive Z 70 on strain gage type LK11E-3/350 absolute strain value for positive direction absolute strain value for negative direction fatigue life1) at reference temperature using adhesive Z 70 alternating strain w = 1,000 m/m on strain gage type LK11E- 3/350 number of load cycles and zero point drift m 300 m/m m 30 m/m minimum radius of curvature, longitudinal and transverse, at reference temperature bonding material that can be used cold curing adhesives hot curing adhesives
1.1 0.8
20,000 ( 2%) 50,000 ( 5%)
>> 107 3 106 mm (inch) 3 (0.118) Z 70; X 60; X 280 EP 250; EP 310S
1) 3)
The data depend on the various parameters of the specic application and are therefore stated for representative examples only. Matching to plastic (code numer 8) is only possible in the temperature range of -10+50C.
2)Different 4) Does
creep adjustments are available per type. not apply for MK1x, MK2x..
59
SG / K series with 1 measuring grid

Stock types Variants Creep adjustmentDimensions (mm/inch) Max. perm. Solder effective terminals bridge excitation voltage
LK11
Linear strain gage with cover Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
Steel
Aluminum
Others 1-LK1xE-3/350 1-LK1xG-3/350 E G K O A C E G I
0.118

0.374
LK13
V 10 10 10 10 14 14 14 14 14 LS212 LS212 LS212 LS212 LS212 LS212 LS212 LS212 LS212
3
0.118
5
0.197
LK1x
3
0.118
3
0.118
9.5
0.374
5
0.197
1-LK11K-3/350 1-LK11O-3/350
1-LK13K-3/350
1-LK1xK-3/350 1-LK1xO-3/350 1-LK1xA-6/350 1-LK1xC-6/350
3
0.118
3
0.118
9.5
0.374
5
0.197
3
0.118
3
0.118
9.5
0.374
5
0.197
6
0.236
3
0.118
12.5
0.492
5
0.197
6
0.236
3
0.118
12.5
0.492
5
0.197
1-LK11E-6/350
1-LK13E-6/350
1-LK1xE-6/350 1-LK1xG-6/350 1-LK1xI-6/350
6
0.236
3
0.118
12.5
0.492
5
0.197
6
0.236
3
0.118
12.5
0.492
5
0.197
6
0.236
3
0.118
12.5
0.492
5
0.197
3
(0.118)
6
(0.236)
Stock types
Variants
Creepadjustment
LK21
Linear strain gage without cover Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
Steel 1-LK21K-3/350 1-LK21O-3/350 1-LK21S-3/350
Aluminum
Others 1-LK2xK-3/350 K O S W G K O
0.118

0.374
LK23
3
0.118
5
0.197
LK2x
1-LK23O-3/350 1-LK23S-3/350 1-LK23W-3/350
1-LK2xO-3/350 1-LK2xS-3/350 1-LK2xW-3/350 1-LK2xG-6/350
3
0.118
3
0.118
9.5
0.374
5
0.197
3
0.118
3
0.118
9.5
0.374
5
0.197
3
0.118
3
0.118
9.5
0.374
5
0.197
6
0.236
3
0.118
12.5
0.492
5
0.197
1-LK21K-6/350
1-LK2xK-6/350 1-LK2xO-6/350
6
0.236
3
0.118
12.5
0.492
5
0.197
6
0.236
3
0.118
12.5
0.492
5
0.197
3
(0.118)
6
(0.236)
60
SG / K series with 1 measuring grid

Stock types Variants Creep adjustment Dimensions (mm/inch) Max. perm. Solder effective terminals bridge (1) excitation voltage
LK4x
Linear strain gage without cover Temperature response matching at customers choice, see page 20
Steel
Aluminum
Others 1-LK4xK-3/350 1-LK4xO-3/350 1-LK4xS-3/350 K O S
0.118

0.413
V 9 9 9 LS212 LS212 LS212
Illustrations show actual size (Grid length in mm)
3
0.118
5
0.197
3
0.118
3
0.118
10.5
0.413
5
0.197
3
0.118
3
0.118
10.5
0.413
5
0.197
3
(0.118)
61
SG / K series
with 2 measuring grids / double strain gages

Creep adjustment Dimensions (mm/inch) Max. perm. Solder effective terminals bridge excitation voltage
DK11
Double strain gage with cover Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
Steel
Aluminum
Others 1-DK1xE-3/350 E G K O A C E G I
0.118

0.374
DK13
3
0.118
8.5
0.335
DK1x
1-DK11G-3/350 1-DK11K-3/350
1-DK13G-3/350
1-DK1xG-3/350 1-DK1xK-3/350 1-DK1xO-3/350 1-DK1xA-6/350 1-DK1xC-6/350
3
0.118
3
0.118
9.5
0.374
8.5
0.335
3
0.118
3
0.118
9.5
0.374
8.5
0.335
3
0.118
3
0.118
9.5
0.374
8.5
0.335
6
0.236
3
0.118
12.5
0.492
8.5
0.335
6
0.236
3
0.118
12.5
0.492
8.5
0.335
1-DK11E-6/350 1-DK11G-6/350
1-DK1xE-6/350 1-DK1xG-6/350 1-DK1xI-6/350
6
0.236
3
0.118
12.5
0.492
8.5
0.335
6
0.236
3
0.118
12.5
0.492
8.5
0.335
6
0.236
3
0.118
12.5
0.492
8.5
0.335
3
(0.118)
6
(0.236)
Stock types
Variants
Creep adjustment
DK21
Double strain gage without cover Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
Steel 1-DK21K-3/350 1-DK21O-3/350
Aluminum
Others 1-DK2xK-3/350 1-DK2xO-3/350 1-DK2xS-3/350 1-DK2xW-3/350 1-DK2xG-6/350 K O S W G K O
0.118

0.374
DK23
3
0.118
8.5
0.335
DK2x
3
0.118
3
0.118
9.5
0.374
8.5
0.335
3
0.118
3
0.118
9.5
0.374
8.5
0.335
3
0.118
3
0.118
9.5
0.374
8.5
0.335
6
0.236
3
0.118
12.5
0.492
8.5
0.335
1-DK21K-6/350
1-DK23K-6/350
1-DK2xK-6/350 1-DK2xO-6/350
6
0.236
3
0.118
12.5
0.492
8.5
0.335
6
0.236
3
0.118
12.5
0.492
8.5
0.335
3
6
(0.236)
62
SG / K series
with 2 measuring grids / shear / torsion strain gages

XK11
Shear / torsion strain gage with cover Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
Steel 1-XK11E-3/350
Aluminum
Others 1-XK1xE-3/350 1-XK1xG-3/350 E G K O A C E G I
Measuring grid a b1 b2 3 3 3 3 6 6 6 6 6 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 10.4 10.4 10.4 10.4 10.4
Measuring grid carrier c d 15 15 15 15 20 20 20 20 20 8 8 8 8 13 13 13 13 13
XK13
0.118 0.177 0.217 0.591 0.315 0.118 0.177 0.217 0.591 0.315 0.118 0.177 0.217 0.591 0.315 0.118 0.177 0.217 0.591 0.315 0.236 0.217 0.409 0.787 0.512 0.236 0.217 0.409 0.787 0.512 0.236 0.217 0.409 0.787 0.512 0.236 0.217 0.409 0.787 0.512 0.236 0.217 0.409 0.787 0.512
XK1x
1-XK11K-3/350 1-XK11O-3/350
1-XK11-XK-3/350 1-XK1xO-3/350 1-XK1xA-6/350 1-XK1xC-6/350
Illustrations show actual size (Grid length in mm/inch) d b2
1-XK11E-6/350
1-XK1xE-6/350 1-XK1xG-6/350 1-XK1xI-6/350
b1 c
3
(0.118)
6
(0.236)
Stock types
Variants
Creep adjustment
XK21
Shear / torsion strain gage without cover Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
Steel 1-XK21K-3/350 1-XK21O-3/350 1-XK21S-3/350
Aluminum
Others 1-XK21-XK-3/350 1-XK2xO-3/350 1-XK2xS-3/350 K O S
Measuring grid a b1 b2 3 3 3 4.5 4.5 4.5 5.5 5.5 5.5
Measuring grid carrier c d 15 15 15 8 8 8
XK2x
V 9 9 9 LS224 LS224 LS224
0.118 0.177 0.217 0.591 0.315 0.118 0.177 0.217 0.591 0.315 0.118 0.177 0.217 0.591 0.315
Illustrations show actual size (Grid length in mm/inch) d b2
b1
3
63
SG / K series
with 2 measuring grids / T rosette

XK51
0/ 90 T rosette with cover Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
Steel
Aluminum
Others 1-XK5xA-3/350 A E M A C E
0.118

0.394
XK5x
V 10 10 10 20 20 20 LS224 LS224 LS224 LS224 LS224 LS224
3
0.118
10
0.394
1-XK51E-3/350 1-XK51M-3/350 1-XK51A-6/350
1-XK5xE-3/350 1-XK5xM-3/350 1-XK5xA-6/350 1-XK5xC-6/350
3
0.118
3
0.118
10
0.394
10
0.394
3
0.118
3
0.118
10
0.394
10
0.394
6
0.236
6
0.236
16
0.630
18
0.709
6
0.236
6
0.236
16
0.630
18
0.709
1-XK51E-6/350
1-XK5xE-6/350
6
0.236
6
0.236
16
0.630
18
0.709
3
(0.118)
6
(0.236)
Stock types
Variants
Creep adjustment
XK6x
0/ 90 T rosette without cover Temperature response matching at customers choice, see page 20
Steel
Aluminum
Others 1-XK6xA-3/350 1-XK6xE-3/350 1-XK6xM-3/350 1-XK6xA-6/350 1-XK6xE-6/350 1-XK6xI-6/350 A E M A E I
0.118

0.394
V 9 9 9 18 18 18 LS224 LS224 LS224 LS224 LS224 LS224
3
0.118
10
0.394
3
0.118
3
0.118
10
0.394
10
0.394
3
0.118
3
0.118
10
0.394
10
0.394
6
0.236
6
0.236
16
0.630
18
0.709
6
0.236
6
0.236
16
0.630
18
0.709
3
6
(0.236)
6
0.236
6
0.236
16
0.630
18
0.709
64
SG / K series
with 4 measuring grids / diaphragm rosette

MK11
Diaphragm full bridge with cover Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
Steel 1-MK11M-10/350 1-MK11M-15/350
Aluminum
Others 1-MK1xM-10/350 1-MK1xM-15/350 M M
0.394

0.512
MK1x
V 8 13 LS224 LS224
15
0.591
18
0.709
Illustrations show actual size (Dimension a in mm/inch)
10
15
(0.591)
Stock types
Variants
Creep adjustment
MK21
Diaphragm full bridge without cover Temperature response matching at customers choice, see page 20
Steel
Aluminum
Others 1-MK2xM-10/350 M
0.394

0.472
V 7 LS224
10
65
SG / K series
Type a
balancing and compensating elements

Dimensions (mm/inch) Grid b c Carrier d
NA1 6/4.73
Adjustable foil resistor for zero point balancing on a polyimide carrier with a raw resistance of twice about 9 . For each bridge branch, a maximum of 4.73 can be connected, with the following stages: 2.4 1.2 0.6 0.3 0.15 0.08 20% a)
1-NA1-6/4.73
6
0.236
14.5
0.571
8
0.315
Zero point balancing resistor
Dimensions (mm/inch) Grid Type a b c Carrier d
TN1 3/1.05
Adjustable foil resistor for temperature compensation of the zero point. Nickel foil on a polyimide carrier with a raw resistance of twice about 0.7 . For each bridge branch, a maximum of 1.05 can be connected, with the following stages: 0.6 0.3 0.15 20% a) Temperature coefficient of the resistor: (20C 70C) (68F 158F): 4.9 10-3/K (2.7 10-3/F)
1-TN1-3/1.05
6
0.236
11
0.433
8
0.315
TC0 compensating resistor
Dimensions (mm/inch) Grid Type a b c Carrier d
TC1 4/60
Adjustable foil resistor for temperature compensation of the sensitivity. Nickel foil on a polyimide carrier with a raw resistance of about 1 . For each bridge branch, a maximum of 60 can be connected, with the following stages: 32 16 8 4 20% a) Temperature coefficient of the resistor: (20C 70C) (68F 158F): 4.9 10-3/K (2.7 10-3/F)
1-TC1-4/60
4,2
0.165
7
0.276
11,5
0.453
9
0.354
TCS compensating resistor

a) Reference
temperature for resistor specications T=23C (73.4F)
66
SG / K series
balancing and compensating elements
Example circuit diagram of balancing and compensating elements in a strain gage full bridge
Note: For more details, please refer to the HBM book The Route to Measurement Transducers
Its so easy,... ...using stick-on strain gages:

Preparation: - Roughly clean the installation area and degrease it (e.g. using RMS1) - Grind (grain size 220 300), sandblast (e.g. corundum, grain size 80 100) - Clean with ultrapure solvent (e.g. RMS1) No preparation required Use heat-resistant adhesive tape (e.g. 1-Klebeband)
Strain gage: Fixing the SG: Pressing of the SG:
e.g. using a clamping device protect the strain gage from damage using separating foil (e.g. 1-Teon) and pressure compensation pads
Curing of adhesives:
Prerequisites for optimum curing: - Contact pressure: 20 35 N/cm2 (36 51 lbf/sq. in.) - Rate of heating (under pressure): 2.5K(4.5 F)/min from room temperature to 160C (320F) - Curing time: 3.5h at 160C (320F) - Cooling (under pressure): down to room temperature - Subsequent curing (without pressure): 1h at 160C (320F) K strain gages without leads
are also available with the stick-on option
67
Special SG / Weldable strain gage

Field of application: Strain measurements at increased temperatures on weldable
components on which due to their size strain gage installation using hot curing adhesive is not possible. Use of strain gages on site where the cleanliness required for bonding cannot be guaranteed (construction sites, production plants, etc.).
Bonding: Spot welding is a simple bonding method for strain gages as hardly any preparations are necessary and very little practical experience is required of users. Strain gage layout: Y series foil strain gage on carrier plate, covered with transparent silicone rubber; tted with 0.5 m (1.64 ft) stranded connection wires
LS31
covering agent stranded wire 0.5 m (1.64 ft) long
(0.39 inch)
(1.57 inch)
Contents per package: 5 pcs1)
Specications
Type strain gage construction measuring grid carrier plate Ixw thickness material nominal resistance resistance tolerance per package gage factor nominal value of the gage factor maximum permissible bridge excitation voltage reference temperature operating temperature range temperature response at customers choice matched to the thermal expansion coefficient for ferritic steel temperature response with matching in the range of minimum radius of curvature at reference temperature longitudinal and transverse maximum elongation at reference temperature strain-related restoring force mm (inch) mm (inch) mm (inch) % LS 31-6/350 foil strain gage (quarter bridge), polyimide carrier and constantan measuring grid, hot-bonded to carrier plate 6 (0.236) 40 x 10 (1.57 x 0.39) 0.1 (0.004) X 8 Cr 17 (1.4016) 350 1 ; measured at end of cable approx. 2 specied on each package 15 23 (73.4) -200 +150 (-328... +302) 10.8 10-6 (6.0 10-6) -10 +120 (14... 248)
V C (F) C (F) 1/K (1/F) C (F)
mm (inch) m/m (microstrain) N (lbf) 1,000 m/m (microstrain)
75 (2.95) 3,000 ( 0.3%) < 250 (< 56) spot welding method
bonding method
1)
Each package is supplied with two plates for welding exercises
68
Strain gages for high strain

Strain gages for high strain
These strain gages are used in all applications where they are extended or shortened by > 5%.
Specications: maximum elongation 100,000 m/m (microstrain) ( 10%). Fatigue life: less resistance to alternating loads than with Y series strain gages.
More specications: see page 23
Stock types
Nominal resistance
LD20
Linear strain gage for high strains No matching of temperature response
1-LD20-6/120 1-LD20-10/120 120 120
0.236

0.504
V 8 13 LS7 LS5
2,8
0.110
6
0.236
10
0.394
4.9
0.193
18.5
0.728
9.5
0.374
6
(0.236)
10
(0.394)
69
Crack propagation gages

These strain gages are used to determine the crack propagation on a component. HBM offers three different types: Types RDS20 and RDS40 consist of electrically separated resistor lines, i.e. as the crack extends, individual circuits will be interrupted. Type RDS22 consists of conductor tracks connected in parallel which will tear if the crack extends under the crack propagation gage. This will gradually increase the electrical resistance of the strain gage as the crack continues to extend. This change in resistance can be measured using a resistance meter or a strain gage amplier (see connection diagram).
Order designation of the standard types
Dimensions (mm/inch) Resistance per web Measuring grid width b 22.5

0.886
RDS20, RDS22, RDS40

Measuring grid carrier c 28 d 25
0.984
Link length a 20
0.787
Pitch t center of link/center of link mm 1.15

0.045
Number of link
Max. perm effective excitation voltage V 1.5 0.8 2.5
Crack propagation gages Illustrations show actual size (Grid length in mm/inch)
Construction: Carrier: phenolic resin, glass-ber reinforced, thickness (35 10) m (1,378 394 microinch) Grid foil: constantan foil, thickness, 5 m (197 microinch)
d
1-RDS20 1-RDS22 1-RDS40
13 44 28
1.102
20 50 10
22
0.866
5
0.197
27.8
1.094
6.8
0.268
0.1
0.004
40
1.575
8.4
0.331
47
1.850
10
0.394
0.8
0.031
Resistance tolerance 20%
20
(0.787)
22
(0.866)
40
(1.575)
70
Crack propagation gages

Connecting a crack propagation gage
There are two different types of crack propagation gages: RDS22 consisting of conductor tracks connected in parallel which will tear if the crack extends under the crack propagation gage. This will gradually increase the electrical resistance of the strain gage as the crack continues to extend. Types RDS20 and RDS40 consist of electrically separated resistor lines, i.e. as the crack extends, individual circuits will be interrupted. If these are contacted individually, the direction in which the gap extends can be detected. The easiest way to detect the signals of crack propagation gages (RDS) is to measure the resistance. Many ampliers from HBM enable such direct resistance measurements to be taken (e.g. MGCplus or Spider8 with the appropriate modules). The resulting resistance (R) of the RDS is dependent on the number of torn links and can easily be calculated. n identical resistors (Ri) are connected in parallel: Rn= Ri n
Connecting an RDS crack propagation gage to a strain gage amplier

short, low-ohm leads R=1 ohm R=349.5 ohms
If a grid line is interrupted, this is described by R(n-1) = Ri (n-1)

RDS22 crack propagation gage 3-wire circuit between completion resistor and amplier
The measurement can also be taken using an amplier for strain gage measurements. The connection diagram shows how the RDS has to be complemented to obtain a resistance change that is inside the measuring range of an amplier for strain gage quarter bridges.
Ua Ub
amplier for strain gages in quarter bridge circuit, 350 ohms
Temperature effects can be minimized using temperature stable xed resistors or strain gages as completion resistors. A higher sensitivity can be obtained by selecting a parallel resistor with a higher resistance value. Please contact us (e-mail: support@hbm.com) to get a table and a diagram showing the bridge output signal depending on the number of torn links for each crack propagation gage.
Typical signal curve considering for example an RDS20 with links connected in parallel
output signal
number of intact links
71
SG for determination of residual stress

For determining residual stresses, the two following proven strain gage based technologies are frequently used: the ring core method and the hole-drilling method. A common feature of both methods is that, after installation of the strain gage rosettes onto the workpiece, the residual stress condition is disturbed by a suitable action. In case of the ring core method this is done by cutting a circular groove around the strain gage rosette. In case of the hole-drilling method, a hole is drilled into the center of the rosette. Following this action, residual stresses cause strains on the surface of the workpiece, which are detected by the strain gage, and then used for calculating the residual stress state. HBMs product range provides three different methods for determining residual stresses.
Ring core method

The XY51 rosettes (for residual stresses with known principal direction) and RY51 (for residual stresses with unknown principal direction) are specically designed for the ring core method. This process enables high precision measurements to be taken and the residual stresses to be represented in relation to the drilling depth.
Stock types
Variants
Nominal resistance
XY51
0/90 ring core rosette Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F) operating temperature range: 10C 60C (50F 140F)
Steel 1-XY51-5/350
Aluminum
Others
350
0.197

0.472
V 6.5 -
2.5
0.098
Specications: Resistance tolerance 1% More specications: see page 23 As these strain gages are covered by a print plate, they can be used on level or weakly curved surfaces only.
Stock types
Variants
Nominal resistance
RY51
0/45/90 ring core rosette Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F) operating temperature range: 10C 60C (50F 140F)
Steel 1-RY51-5/350
Aluminum
Others
350
0.197

0.472
V 4.5 -
2.5
0.098
Specications: Resistance tolerance 1% More specications: see page 23

As these strain gages are covered by a print plate, they can be used on level or weakly curved surfaces only.
72

Hole-drilling method according to the integral method
Using RY21 or, particularly easy to handle, RY61 and the associated drilling device (page 76), it is possible to determine the residual stresses according to the integral method. The result is the integral mean value of the residual stresses over the entire drilling depth.
Stock types
Variants
Nominal resistance
RY21
0/45/90 hole-drilling rosette Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F)
Steel 1-RY21-3/120
Aluminum
Others
120
0.118
Measuring grid carrier c d -
V 4.5 LS5
2.5
0.098
22
0.866
(0.394) (0.079)
Stock types
Variants
Nominal resistance
RY61
0/45/90 hole-drilling rosette For use with HBM drilling device RY 61 Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F) operating temperature range: 10C 60C (50F 140F)
Steel 1-RY61-1.5/120
Aluminum
Others
120

0.059
V 2 LS5
0.7
0.028
12
0.472
Specications: Resistance tolerance 1% More specications: see page 23 As these strain gages are covered by a print plate, they can be used on level or weakly curved surfaces only.
73

Hole-drilling method by means of High speed drilling
The RY 61K, RY 61R, RY 61S, and VY 61S rosettes have been specically designed for the requirements of high speed drilling. This method uses a special drilling techno-logy, with a speed of 300,000 rpm. This prevents new residual stresses from arising due to processing. The resulting highly precise measurement values allow a very precise representation of the residual stresses in relation to the drilling depth.
Stock types
Variants
Nominal resistance
RY61K
0/45/90 rectangular hole drilling rosette strain gage with integrated solder tabs Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F) Illustrations show actual size
Steel 1-RY61-1.5/120K
Aluminum
Others
120

0.059

0.209
V 2 LS7
d a
0.7
0.028
10.2
0.402
Stock types
Variants
Nominal resistance
RY61R
0/45/90 hole-drilling rosette Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F) Illustrations show actual size
d
Steel
Aluminum
Others 1-RY6x-1.5/120R**
120

0.059

0.531
V
a c
0.72
0.028
8
0.315
LS7
b
Stock types
Variants
Nominal resistance
RY61S
0/45/90 hole-drilling rosette Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F) (see p. 47). Illustrations show actual size
Steel 1-RY61-1.5/120S
Aluminum
Others
120

0.059
Measuring grid carrier c d .
V 2 LS5
0.7
0.028
10.2
0.402
Stock types
Variants
Nominal resistance
VY61S
0/45/90/135 hole-drilling rosette Temperature response matched to steel with = 10.8 10-6/K (6.0 10-6/F) Illustrations show actual size
d
Steel
Aluminum
Others 1-VY6x-1.5/120S**
120
Measuring grid a b 1,5

0.059
V
b
0,7
0.028
10,2
0.402
LS5
a
Contents per package: 5 pcs. (1) Solder terminals are not compulsory **= only available with temperature response matched to ferritic steel
74
MTS 3000... the system for automatically
determining residual stress using strain gages
The strength behavior of components is inuenced by residual stresses existing in these components without showing any visible signs. Therefore, the aim is to determine the mechanical stresses in the components. With the hole-drilling method for determining residual stresses, a small hole of 1.6 mm (0.063 inch) diameter is drilled into the work piece and strain gages are used to measure the resulting strain. HBM offers both the required amplier and the MTS 3000 system which enable this process to be implemented comfortably. The system uses a stepping motor which permits drilling at 300,000 rpm. The strain changes arising due to the step-by-step drilling of the hole into the work piece will be detected by a strain gage rosette specically designed for this process. Signal processing is performed digitally. In addition to system control functions, the software package comprises four different evaluation algorithms which enable the mechanical stresses to be computed from the measured strain. The entire measurement process is PC-controlled. This ensures a high degree of measurement reliability as well as optimum reproducibility.
RY61S special strain gage rosette
MTS 3000 components
PC or notebook
drilling device
compressed air stepping motor control system compressed air
software
PCI card PCMCIA DAQ card
SG. rosette
MTS 3000 components

drilling device control system
test specimen a b c RS 232 - interface/LPT1-interface
software PCI card or PCMCIA DAQ card
amplier (e.g. Spider8)
75
MTS 3000 ... hole drilling method

Spare turbine for MTS 3000: Order no.: 1-SINTT Spare milling cutter MTS 3000: Order no.: 1-SINTB Order no.: 1-SINTCT/1 Order no.: 1-SINTCTI/1 Diamond milling cutter MTS 3000: Order no.: 1-SINTD For more detailed information, please request our MTS 3000 data sheet.
Complete measuring chain with amplier and control and analysis PC
Integral hole drilling method

RY 61 drilling device for hole drilling rosette 1-RY61-1,5/120 The drilling device is used to apply the hole in the center of the installed hole drilling rosette. It comprises a magnetic holder, a centering pin, a shaft drill, and a universal coupling: Order no.: 1-RY61 Spare drill for material hardness up to 30 HRC: Order no.: 1-8410.0019 Carbide drill for material hardness up to 45 HRC: Order no.: 2-9219.9133
76
Customized strain gages

You have special requirements which cannot be met by a strain gage from our standard product range? You are looking for a strain gage which is equivalent to the one you currently use? You have designed your own strain gage?
Contact us, we will produce customized strain gages according to your requirements, already from quantities of 20 packages. Please use the request form included in our price list or send your request or layout direct via fax or e-mail to: info@hbm.com
Please also see our catalog Strain Gages for Transducer Manufacturers.
Customized strain gages
Diaphragm rosette strain gages Half-bridge strain gages
T strain gages Full-bridge strain gages
77
SG accessories bonding material

The most common way in which strain gages are attached to the test object is by bonding. It is prerequisite to use application-specic adhesives that meet the following requirements: transmission (as much as possible without loss) of the deformations of the test object to the strain gages stable behavior across a temperature and strain range which is as wide as possible strain gage and test object must not be chemically attacked All adhesive packages from HBM include the adhesive and the accessories (such as Teon foil) required for bonding and, in addition, a safety data sheet. Your criteria for adhesive selection should be: application temperature material of the measuring body and recommendations for the relevant strain gage requirements for long-term stability and reproducibility surface roughness
Hot curing adhesives

Hot curing adhesives can be used where the test object can be brought up to the curing temperature. This is generally possible in the manufacture of transducers, but also where installations can be made before machine assembly or where the machine can be disassembled. Hot curing adhesives meet higher quality demands and can be used within a greater temperature range than cold curing adhesives.
Z 70
Adhesive
Description
Suitable SG
Pot life at room temperature (RT)
BCY 01
cold curing single component adhesive Z 70 Cyanoacrylate Order no.: thin liquid 1-Z 70 for optional use with Z 70 BCY 01 accelerator for Z 70
optimum: Y, C, LD, LE, V residual stress strain gages good: K, G
X 60
X 60 Order no.: 1-X 60 two component adhesive Polymethyl Methacrylate pasty, even on absorbent or uneven surfaces optimum: Y, C, LD, DA, V residual stress strain gages good: K, G, LS 5 minutes
X 280
X 280 Order no.: 1-X 280 hot curing EP 310 S Order no.: 1-EP 310 S
two component epoxy resin adhesive
optimum: Y, C, LD, LE, V good: G, K for smooth and absorbent surfaces
30 minutes
two component epoxy resin adhesive thin liquid
optimum: Y, C, K, G, LD, LE good: residual stress SG
1 month (at RT) 6 months (at +2C/+36F) 12 months (at 32C/-26F)
EP 310 S
EP 250 Order no.: 1-EP 250 two component epoxy resin adhesive pasty, even on absorbent surfaces optimum: Y, C, K, G, LD, LE good: residual stress SG 24 h
EP 250
78
SG accessories bonding material

Cold curing adhesives
Cold curing adhesives are easy to use and can be processed at minimum cost and effort since they harden under normal ambient conditions. If they feature short curing times they are also called superglue. The preferred eld of application is in experimental stress analysis. However, if the temperature around the measuring point is higher than about 80 C (176F), we recommend to use a hot curing adhesive or a heat resistant, cold curing epoxy resin adhesive (X280).
Spot weld joints

Spot weld joints are only possible with the special strain gage of type LS 31, and if the test object is of a weldable material. This method is particularly suitable for applications where the cleanliness required for bonding cannot be guaranteed. Hardly any preparations are necessary and the installer needs very little previous experience. However, it is essential to follow the process instructions supplied with the strain gages.
Storage time
Curing temperature
Curing period3)
Contact pressure N/mm2 (lbf/sq. in.)
lower
Temperature limits upper absolute1)
Delivery quantity upper relative2)
6 months at 15C (5F): at least 2 years
5C (41F) 20C (68F) 30C (86F)
10 minutes 1 minute 0.5 minutes
thumb pressure
55C (-67F) (temporarily -70C (-94F)
+100C (212F)
+120C (248F)
10 ml (0.34 liquid ounce, US)
> 1 year
0C (32F) 20C (68F) 35C (95F)
60 minutes 10 minutes 2 minutes
thumb pressure
200C (-328F)
+60C (140F)
+80C (176F)
component A= 0.1 kg (0.22 lb) B = 80 ml (2.7 liquid ounce, US) other quantities see price list
1 year at + 4C (39F)
RT... 95C (203F)
8 h... 1 h
0.05... 2.0 (0.07... 2.90)
70C (-94F)
+200C (392F)
+280C (536F)
6 double pouches each 10 g = 60 g (0.35 oz = 2.12 oz)
6 months
95... 205C (203F... 401F)
5 h... 0.5 h
0.1... 0.5 (0.15... 0.73)
-270C (-454F)
+260C (500F)
+310C (590F)
component A = 60 ml (2.0 liquid ounce, US) B = 30 ml (1.0 liquid ounce, US)
1 year
95... 200C (203F... 392F)
16 h... 0.5 h
0.1... 1.5 (0.15... 2.18)
240C (-400F)
+250C (428F)
+315C (599F)
5 double pouches each 10.5 g = 52.5 g (0.37 oz = 1.85 oz)
1) zero-point
related measurement
2) non
zero-point related measurement
3) curing
conditions: relative humidily between 30-80%
79
SG accessories
... strain gage covering agents
The quality of a measuring point with strain gages is not only dependent on the strain gage itself but mainly on the type of installation and its implementation. A perfectly functioning measuring point requires a thorough preparation of the installation surface, careful bonding, correct connection, and a protective covering. It is therefore important to provide the user with all necessary aids. With its strain gage accessories, the HBM product range offers everything necessary for a good strain gage installation. Strain gage covering agents In general, it is recommended that strain gages be protected against external effects such as humidity or mechanical damage since even small uctuations in the atmospheric humidity affect the measured signal of a strain gage. Suitable covering agents should have only minimum effects on the measuring point. Strain gage and test object must not be affected at all. Criteria for selecting the appropriate covering agent should be: application temperature, media surrounding the measuring point.

The following table will help in the selection of a suitable means of measuring point protection, which for special requirements can also be carried out in several layers. For instance, it would make sense to apply AK22, with - in extremely humid environments - additional sealing by ABM 75. Caution: NG150 cannot be combined with PU120. Please ensure, in the case of multi-layer covering, that the second layer may only be applied after full curing of the rst layer and that it should overlap on all sides. All HBM covering agents are supplied with a safety data sheet.
80
SG accessories
ABM 75 SG 250
AK 22 NG 150
PU 120
SL 450
Strain gage covering agent
Temperature range of resistance in air 50C... +170C (-58F... +338F)
Package contents
One package suffices for approx.
Application method
Curing conditions
Storage capability at room temperature unlimited
Components
AK 22
viscous putty Order no.: 1-AK 22
1 kg (2.2 lb)
30 strain gages
kneading on by hand
viscous, kneadable sticky putty
ABM 75
aluminum foil c/w knead. compound Order no.: 1-ABM 75
196C... +75C (-321F... +167F)
11 pcs. 205 mm x 100 mm (8.07 x 3.94 in.) 3 bottles c/w approx. 25 cm3 each (0.85 liquid ounce, US) tube with approx. 85 g (3.0 oz)
200 strain gages
pressing on by hand
unlimited
0.05 mm thick aluminum foil, coated with 3 mm thick kneading compound one-component solvent containing nitrile rubber
NG 150 1)
nitrile rubber Order no.: 1-NG 150
269C... +150C (-452F... +302F)
35 strain gages
brush application
air drying at room temperature
max. 1 year
SG 250
transparent silicone rubber Order no.: 1-SG 250
70C... +250C (-94F... +482F)
20 strain gages
tube application
air drying at room temperature
6 months
transparent one-component solvent free silicone rubber one-component solvent containing polyurethane paint
PU 120 1)
polyurethane paint Order no.: 1-PU 120
40C... +120C (-40F... +248F)
3 bottles c/w approx. 30 ml each (1.0 liquid ounce, US) 3 bottles c/w approx. 25 g each (0.9 oz)
250 strain gages
brush application
room temperature .... +100C (... 212F)
1 year
SL 450
transparent silicone resin Order no.: 1-SL 450
50C... +450C (-58F... +842F)
90 strain gages
brush application
in temperature steps from 95C... 315C (203F... 599F)
6 months
transparent solvent containing silicone resin
1) Caution: PU120 cannot be combined with NG 150
81
SG accessories
Chemical substance Exposure Water: water under pressure 400 bar (5,800 psi) condensation tropical climate vapour Oils: engine oil RT/70C (158F) mineral oil RT/70C (158F) hydraulic oil RT/70C (158F) Fats Solvents general Fuels: petrol kerosene Aromatic substances/aliphatic mixtures Aromatic substances: benzene toluene xylene Chlorinated solvents: dichloromethane carbon tetrachloride perchloroethylene 1.2-dichloroethane o-dichlorobenzene Alcohols: ethyl alcohol methyl glycole butyl alcohol iso-propyl alcohol ethylene glycole Ketone: acetone methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) Terpene: dipenten turpentine Acids: hydrochloric conc. sulphuric acid 50 % acetic acid 50 % nitric acid 50 % oleic acid conc. lactic acid conc. air which contains acid Lyes: sodium hydroxide 10 % potassium hydroxide 10 % ammonia 28 % air which contains alkaline Liquied gases (except oxygen) UV resistance
1) low 2)
Chemical resistance of HBM covering agents

AK 22 yes yes yes no no no no no no no no no no conditional conditional conditional conditional no no no no no no conditional conditional yes ABM 75 yes yes no conditional no no no no no no no yes yes conditional conditional no conditional2) conditional2) yes NG 150 yes yes yes yes yes yes conditional yes yes yes conditional conditional no conditional conditional no no no no no no conditional conditional no conditional conditional yes no no no conditional conditional yes conditional conditional yes no no yes conditional conditional no no conditional yes yes SG 250 yes yes yes no no no no no no no no conditional conditional no no no yes yes yes yes yes no no yes PU 120 yes yes yes yes yes yes conditional conditional yes conditional no no conditional1) conditional conditional conditional conditional no no no no no no no no yes conditional no yes yes SL 450 yes yes conditional no no no no no yes yes conditional yes conditional yes yes yes conditional yes yes yes
alcohol up to 5 % (destruction of aluminum foil) conditional = conditionally resistant (minimum 10 days at RT)
Chemical resistance:
Unless identied specically, the resistance refers to room temperature. No information can be provided on long term effects. The data is based on our own experience or was taken from literature. Since the specic conditions vary with each user, it is recommended individual users carry out their own tests on resistance. Some covering agents become milky when in contact with some chemicals.
82
SG accessories
Cleaning solvent RMS 1
... cleaning solvents, aids for bonding and soldering
Satisfactory bonding joints are only achieved if the adhesive covers the bonded surfaces well. Therefore, the application surfaces must be cleaned prior to bonding with a chemically pure solvent and a clean cleaning pad. RMS 1 is an environmentally friendly mixture of Isopropanol and Acetone which dissolves all normal contamination. One packing unit contains 1 l cleaning agent and 500 cleaning pads. Order no.: 1-RMS 1
Teon foil
33 m (108 ft) Teon foil on reel, suitable for cold curing and hot curing strain gage bonding. The Teon foil prevents other material except the strain gage from bonding to the component. Thickness: 0.05 mm (0.002 inch), width: 60 mm (2.36 inch) Order no.: 1-Teon
Flux pen
Soldering aid in felt pen format helps to achieve perfect small soldering connections. Suitable for solders with melting points up to 350C (662F). The ux pen contains non-corrosive ux without chloride. Package contents: 5 pcs. Order no.: 1-FS 01
Flux pen
Polyimide tape
33 m (108 ft) heat resistant tape, 19 mm (0.75 inch) in width. Suitable for all standard strain gage installation procedures to ensure safe positioning of the strain gage on the workpiece. Temperature resistant up to 270C (518F) Order no.: 1-Klebeband
Cleaning pads
Cellulose for cleaning of test objects prior to strain gage installation. Format 5 cm x 5 cm (1.97 inch x 1.97 inch). Package contents: 500 pcs. Order no.: 1-8402.0026
Cleaning solvent dispenser

In order to avoid contamination of the solvent in the course of time, we recommend to use the RSP 120 cleaning agent dispenser. Order no.: 1-RSP 120
Cleaning solvent dispenser
Resin cored solder

Resin cored solder as used in strain gage applications. Soldering wire 0.5 mm (0.03 inch) consisting of solder S-SN60Pb38Cu2 with resin core, type F-SW32. The ux is non-corrosive. Conversion to lead-free solder is scheduled for 2006. Melting range: 183 C to 190 C (361F to 374F). Delivery form: 1 kg (2.2 lb) on reel Order no.: 1-Lot
83
SG accessories
... solder terminals

LS 2 LS4 LS 212 LS 224 LS 5 LS 7 For strain gages with leads or wires, solder terminals should be installed between the connecting cables and the strain gage itself. This facilitates the perfect soldering joint and provides strain relief of the strain gage connections. The solder terminals are installed in the same manner as the strain gages onto the test object. HBM offers solder terminals in different designs and dimensions.
LS2
Order no. Dimensions (mm/inch) Soldering tag a 1-LS 2 2,5
0.098 bronze soldering tag on teon carrier suitable for dynamic loads attachement to test object: bonding usable up to 180C (356F), for short periods up to 260C (500F)
Carrier
Distance d 20
0.787
Contents per package
b 14
0.551
c 72
2.835
t 4
0.157
36 pairs
LS7/5/4
Order no. Dimensions (mm/inch) Soldering tag a 1-LS 7 1-LS 5 1-LS 4 1
0.039 copper, nickel-plated, on polyimide attachment to test object: bonding usable up to 180C (356F), for short periods up to 260C (500F)
Carrier
Distance d 6
0.236
b 3
0.118
c 20
0.787
t 2
0.079
125 pairs 125 pairs 125 pairs
1.5
0.059
4.5
0.177
35
1.378
10
0.394
2.5
0.098
2.5
0.098
6.5
0.256
50
1.969
13
0.512
4
0.157
LS212
Order no. Dimensions (mm/inch) Soldering tag a 1-LS 212 3.7
0.146 copper nickel-plated on polyimide attachement to test object: bonding usable up to 180C (356F), for short periods up to 260C (500F)
Carrier
Distance d 8
0.315
b 6
0.236
c 47,5
1.870
t 1
0.039
125 pairs
LS224
Order no. Dimensions (mm/inch) Soldering tag a 1-LS 224 6.5
0.256 copper nickel-plated on polyimide attachement to test object: bonding usable up to 180C (356F), for short periods up to 260C (500F)
Carrier
Distance d 8
0.315
b 6
0.236
c 45
1.772
t 1
0.039
75 pairs
84
SG accessories
PVC ribbon cable
... cables and stranded wires
PVC insulated ribbon cable consisting of six leads each with a cross section of 0.14 mm2 (0.0002 sq. in.), 50 m (164 ft) per reel, resistance 0.131 /m (0.04 /ft). Order no.: 1-3133.0034
Paint insulated copper wire

Polyurethane-insulated copper wire with a cross section of 0.04 mm2 (6.2 10-5 sq. in.), 25 m (82 ft) in length. Order no.: 1-CULD01
Jumper wire
Teon insulated jumper wire with a cross section of 0.05 mm2 (7.75 10-5 sq. in.), yellow, 100 m (328 ft) per reel, resistance 0.34 /m (0.104 /ft). Order no.: 1-3130.0239-G
Very exible stranded wire

For internal, exposed wiring of transducers; cross section of 0.04 mm2 (6.2 10-5 sq. in.) (multi-wire) and 0.6 mm (0.024 inch) outer diameter, resistance 0.417 /m (0.127 /ft), permissible temperature +70C (158F), 25 m (82 ft) per reel, PVC insulation. Order no. 1-SLI 01
Flexible stranded wire

Teon-insulated exible stranded wire with a cross section of 0.24 mm2 (0.0004 sq. in.) (multi-wire) and an outside diameter of 0.9 mm (0.035 inch), 100 m (328 ft) per reel, resistance 0.0741 /m (0.023 /ft). blue Order no.: 1-3301.0092-B green Order no.: 1-3301.0091-Gr white Order no.: 1-3301.0094-W black Order no.: 1-3301.0088-S red Order no.: 1-3301.0089-R
Designation Flexible stranded wire 1-3301.0088-S 1-3301.0089-R 1-3301.0091-Gr 1-3301.0092-B 1-3301.0094-W Jumper wire 1-3130.0239-G Very exible stranded wire 1-SLI 01 Insulation Teon Thermal resistance 200... +260 C (-328F... +500F) Chemical resistance resistant against nearly all chemicals. except: elementary uoride, chlorine triuoride, molten alkali metals Typical application for internal connection of strain gage bridges or for contacting from strain gage through to solder terminal
Teon
200... +260 C (-328F... +500F) short period 105 C (221F) permanent ... 70 C (... 158F)
see exible stranded wire
see exible stranded wire
PVC
non resistant against: ester, chlorinated hydrocarbons, ketone, aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene, liquid halogens, nitric acid conc., depending on the softener used, also aqueous solutions see very exible stranded wire
for internal connection of the strain gages in the transducer
PVC ribbon cable 1-3133.0034 Paint insulated copper wire 1-CULD 01
PVC
short period 105 C (221F) permanent ... 90 C (194F) short period 120 C (248F) permanent -40...80 C permanent(-40F... +176F)
see very exible stranded wire
Polyurethane
non resistant against: strong acids, strong lyes, alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons, saturated vapor, hot water
for internal connection of the strain gages in the transducer
85
SG accessories
Type Kab4.1/00-3
... cable and stranded wire
Kab5/00-4
Kab8/00-4
Kab7/00-4
Shielded
Kab9/00-4 See KAB7/00-4, however, with lower line resistance, therefore, wider range if low-frequency CF ampliers or DC ampliers are used gray gray
Notes
Inexpensive cable for connection of 1/4 bridges in three-wire circuit CF 600 Hz < 50 m (164 ft); CF 4.8 kHz < 20 m (65 ft)
Low-capacitance, therefore also suitable for CF ampliers and longer distances. Very thin, predestined for geometrically critical circumstances
Very low-capacitance cable with low line resistances, therefore suitable for long distances
Wide temperature range and good chemical resistance. If CF ampliers are used, the usable cable length is reduced CF 600 Hz < 50 m (164 ft); CF 4.8 kHz <20 m (65 ft)
Sheath color
gray
gray
gray
No. of cores
Outside diameter mm (inch)
4.1 (0.161)
5 (0.197)
8 (0.215)
6.5 (0.256)
8.8 (0.346)
Core cross section mm (inch)
0.14 (0.006)
0.17 (0.007)
0.26 (0.010)
0.5 (0.020)
1.25 (0.049)
Insulation material (core)
PVC
PE
PE
Teon
Teon
Sheath material Resistance /m (/ft)
PVC
PVC
PVC
silicone
silicone
0.130 (0.04)
0.106 (0.305)
0.075 (0.0229)
0.040 (0.0122)
0.014 (0.00427)
Insulation resistance (corecore) /m (/ft)
1012 (0.305 1012)
1012 (0.305 1012)
1012 (0.305 1012)
1012 (0.305 1012)
1012 (0.305 1012)
Capacitance (core-core) pF/m
110 (33.5 pF/ft)
80 (24.4 pF/ft)
67 (20.4 pF/ft)
140 (42.7 pF/ft)
140 (42.7 pF/ft)
Capacitance (core-shield) pF/m
110 (33.5 pF/ft)
80 (24.4 pF/ft)
67 (20.4 pF/ft)
140 (42.7 pF/ft)
140 (42.7 pF/ft)
Temperature range C (F)
-20... 80 (-4... +176)
-35... 80 (-31... +176)
-35... 80 (-31... +176)
-50... 180 (-58... +356)
-50... 180 (-58... +356)
1/4-bridges in 3-wire circuit, half bridges without sensing lead connected
1/4-bridges in 4-wire circuit, full bridges without sensing lead connected
Half bridges; full bridges with sensing lead connected
Order no.
4-3131.0017
4-3133.0002
4-3133.0023
4-3131.0048
4-3131.0012
Minimum order quantity: 10 m (32.8 ft)
For more information please refer to our Price List (load cells, transducers, ampliers, data acquisition and software)
86
SG accessories
... cable and stranded wire
cable
Kab5.4/00-6 Inexpensive 6-wire cable for uncritical applications CF 600 Hz < 50 m (164 ft); CF 4.8 kHz <20 m (65 ft) gray
Kab6.5/00-6-TPE
Kab6.5/00-6-SIL
Kab4.2/00-6-PUR
Kab8/00-2/2/2
Kab8/00-2/2/2 SIC
See Kab5.4/00-6, however, with extended temperature range
Chemically resistant cable with extended temperature range. Reduced capacitance and low resistance, therefore, suitable for longer distances
Special cable for use in the soil CF 600 Hz < 50 m (164 ft); CF 4.8 kHz <20 m (65 ft))
Quad-shielded cable twisted in pairs, also suitable for longer distances and higherfrequency CF ampliers
See Kab8/00-2/2/2, however, better chemical resistance
gray
gray
black
gray
gray
5.4 (0.213)
6.5 (0.256)
6.5 (0.256)
4.2 (0.165)
7.5 (0.295)
7.5 (0.295)
0.14 (0.006)
0.25 (0.010)
0.25 (0.010)
0.15 (0.006)
0.14 (0.006)
0.14 (0.006)
PE
TPE
Teon
TPE
PE
PE
PVC
TPE
silicone
PUR
PVC
silicone
0.130 (0.04)
0.077 (0.0235)
0.080 (0.0244)
approx. 0.120 (0.0366)
0.138 (0.0421)
0.138 (0.0421)
1012 (0.305 1012)
1012 (0.305 1012)
1012 (0.305 1012)
1012 (0.305 1012)
1012 (0.305 1012)
1012 (0.305 1012)
82 (25 pF/ft)
100 (30.5 pF/ft)
100 (30.5 pF/ft)
95 (42.7 pF/ft)
75 (22.9 pF/ft)
75 (22.9 pF/ft)
82 (25 pF/ft)
100 (30.5 pF/ft)
100 (30.5 pF/ft)
140 (42.7 pF/ft)
130 (39.6 pF/ft)
130 (39.6 pF/ft)
-30... 85 (-22... +185)
-50... 120 (-58... +248)
-50... 180 (-58... +356)
-50... 125 (-58... +257)
-30... 70 (-22... +158)
-30... 70 (-22... +158)
4-3131.0071
4-3301.0115
4-3301.0108
4-3301.0151
4-3301.0071
4-3301.0169
87
SG accessories
... bridge completion, resistance meter
Bridge completions
Bridge completion resistors are connected to the strain gages of a measuring point to form the Wheatstone bridge circuit. In accordance with the nominal strain gage resistances, HBM offers different resistance values. 2 x 120 , Order no.: 3-3054.0334 2 x 350 , Order no.: 3-3054.0282
TO 3 resistance meter
The TO 3 is an electronic measuring unit (ohmmeter and megohmmeter) for determining resistances within the range of 0 to 50 G . This pocket megohmmeter has been designed, and is particularly suitable, for fast checking of the insulation resistance of strain gage installations and strain gage resistances in the eld and in service. It features a total of 16 measuring ranges for insulation resistance and throughput measurements. Four self-adjusting measuring voltages (50 V, 25 V, 10 V, and 2.5 V) enable adaptation to the measuring task in hand and prevent any possible destruction of a specimen by a test voltage which is too high. The megohmmeter is accommodated in a solid plastic housing complete with carrying handle, and it is supplied with a protective bag and two measuring cables. Order no.: 1-TO3
Specications
measuring range number of measuring ranges minimum resistance that can be read off measuring voltages open circuit voltage display application position accuracy class adjustment time, max. operating temperature range temperature error batteries number of measurements protection class per EN 60529 (IEC 529) safety conformity (CE mark) housing dimensions weight, approx. mm (inch) kg (lb) s C (F) %/10K (18F) V M
TO 3 resistance meter
0 50,000 16 20 2.5; 10; 25 and 50, dep. on measuring range 1.1 x UN max. analog display with mirror scale, scale length 110 mm (4.33 inch) horizontal 2.5 (IEC publication 51) 4 0...40 (32..104) 30% up to 60% rel. humidity 1.5 6 pcs. 1.5 V, rod batteries (type IEC LR 14) approx. 2,000 with a single battery set IP 50 (measuring mechanism), IP 20 (other parts) EN 61010-1 class 2, (tested at 1 kV AC / 1 min.) EN 45014, EN 50081-1, EN 50082-1, EN 61010-1, IEC 51, IEC 529, VDE 0410 plastic, impact resistant, with carrier strap 205 x 128 x 100 (8.07 x 5.04 x 3.94) 1 (2.2)
88
SG accessories
DAK 1 strain gage starter kit
... installation case
The DAK1 starter kit is convenient to use, contains the equipment needed for installing strain gages for the rst time and provides an easy introduction to strain gage technology. The specialized book by Karl Hoffmann, an experienced specialist in strain gage technology, provides comprehensive know-how both on the installation and wiring of strain gages and on the evaluation of measured values. For the rst pratical steps it includes: strain gages, Contents of DAK 1 solder terminals, 10 LY11-6/120A SG 1 Z 70 cleaning agents and cleaning pads, 1 X 60 emery cloth, 1 AK 22 the cold curing adhesives X60 and Z70, 1 ABM 75 Solder terminals stranded connection wires, Stranded connection wire 2 agents for measuring point protection: AK22 and ABM75 Emery cloth Because DAK1 has been used in company-internal strain gage and instrumentation seminars for many years, the contents of this kit has been constantly optimized. Order no.: 1-DAK1
RMS 1 Cleaning pads Solder Specialized book An Introduction to Measurements using Strain Gages Petri dish
DAK 2 strain gage installation case

The DAK 2 strain gage installation case contains all tools and aids required for strain gage installations. It is portable and lockable. In the bottom part of the DAK 2 there is empty space for various adhesives and other uses, below the removable insert. Dimensions: 470 x 170 x 360 mm (18.50 x 6.69 x 14.17 inch) Weight: approx. 6 kg (13.23 lb) (incl. standard scope of delivery) Order no.: 1-DAK 2
Contents of DAK 2
1 Ersa soldering iron (16 W) 1 at brush 1 folding magnifying glass (6 times) 1 graduated ruler, 150 mm (5.91 inch) 1 glass ber erasing brush, plus 1 spare brush 1 pair of scissors, toothed 1 pair of pointed scissors 1 wide pair of tweezers 1 pointed pair of tweezers 1 exible ruler, 300 mm (11.81 inch) 1 dental probe with bent tip 1 cement spatula 1 cutting pliers with wire strippers 1 1 10 m (32.8 ft) Petri dish 60/15 scalpel holder, plus 6 blades ribbon cable 6 x 0.14 mm2 (6 x 0.0002 sq. in.), multi-colored solder diameter 1 mm (0.039 in.)
ux pen roll of Scotch tape rubber HBM pen sheet of corundum cloth grain size 180/220/360 100 cm3 cleaning agent RMS 1 (3.38 liquid ounce, US) 200 cleaning pads 50 x 50 mm (1.97 x 1.97 inch)
25 g (0.88 oz) 1 1 1 1 1 each
89
HBM-software ... for stress analysis
HBM-software
With its catman family HBM provides the complete measurement chain the complete solution from strain gages right through to the software. The amplier is set up by simply assigning the strain gage or sensor from the sensor database. Already during the measurement, the comprehensive mathematics library enables strain gage rosettes to be analyzed online.
catmanEnterprise catmanProfessional catmanEasy

Easy data acquisition software
Quick results thanks to modern and intuitive user interface Library for experimental stress analysis Graphical data analysis with optional export of curves (e.g. Word) Data export in commonly used formats (Excel, ASCII, DIAdem)
Comfortable conguration of up to 10,000 channels

Client/server architecture for distributed data access over a network Online data distribution to several client PCs Comprehensive trigger functions (e.g. reference curve or limit trigger) Complete measurement run reported in a log le Automatic check of all strain gage measuring points Trend analysis
The complete solution for measurement, visualization, analysis and documentation

Free denition of individual interfaces for visualization and reports Mathematical analysis (signal analysis, statistics, etc.) Automation of individual measurement sequences Development of your own applications using catman Script Open ActiveX interface
catman
90
... for stress analysis
n-family
3 Strain Gages and Accessories 91
HBM ampliers used in stress analysis

MGCplus
Modular computer-controllable measuring amplier system for universal applications

stand-alone amplier modules for all standard measurement quantities different computer interfaces (RS232, Ethernet, USB, CANbus, ProbusDP) parallel synchronous data aquisition of up to 128 channels per device sampling rate of up to 19,200 measured values / sec. / channel 24 bit resolution can be operated manually via operating panel or computer stand-alone data acquisition on PC-Card hard disk proven HBM technology also with 8-channel modules quarter, half- and full bridge connection patented transducer identication technology, T-ID and TEDS
MGCplus amplier system from HBM
CANHEAD
Amplier module for installation close to the measuring point and for data transfer via standard CANbus system. A maximum of 10 strain gages per CANHEAD amplier module and up to 12 CANHEADs can be connected to one CANbus line. Installation costs can be reduced by a ratio of 10:1.
CANHEAD includes two components:

Strain gages in 3-wire circuit
intelligent base module for strain gage wiring amplier module for the amplifying and processing of measured signals
MGCplus (ML74)
Connection module CANHEAD
CANbus + power supply
92
HBM ampliers used in stress analysis

Spider8 and Spider8-30
PC measurement electronics with 4 carrier frequency ampliers. Spider8 can be retrotted with SR55 (4.8 kHz) and SR01 (DC module), Spider 8-30 can be retrotted with SR30 (600 Hz) and SR01 (max. 8 channels per device).

Voltage supply via power pack or 10 to 16 V/DC Sensor supply, signal adaptation, A/D conversion, digital lter and computer interface in EMC tested housing High sampling rate at 16 bit resolution Parallel and serial interface for parameterization of the device and data acquisition.
Connection, for example, via parallel printer port of the computer; optionally via USB adaptor. No PC interference required 8 devices can be cascaded via parallel interfaces Can be combined with laptop computer for mobile applications
Scout55
Single channel universal amplier with carrier frequency 4.8 kHz for strain gage halfand full bridges, inductive half- and full bridges, LVDT, piezo-resistive and potentiometric transducers
Serial interface signal output and full parameterization Interactive control via LCD display
T-ID
In experimental stress analysis with large numbers of measuring points, strain gages are identied using T-ID modules. An unambiguous, 64-bit-long identication number written on the T-ID module in a non-erasable format is read off through the same cable connections that are also used for transmission of the analog measurement signals. Thanks to the patented wiring technique, the additional digital information processing does not affect the highly sensitive and precise analog measurement signal. Similar to the solder terminals, T-ID modules can be located in the direct vicinity of the strain gage. HBM software enables alias names to be assigned to the identication numbers and LEDs on the T-ID modules to be driven which facilitates locating of in dividual strain gages.
93
Literature, teaching pack, seminars, CD ROM

Specialized book
An Introduction to Measurements Using Strain Gages. A practical introduction into this specialist area of measurement technology with a focus on how to avoid or correct measuring errors. Order no. 1-Hoffm. Buch-D (German) 1-Hoffm. Buch-E (English)
Literature, teaching pack,

Strain gage teaching pack
The strain gage teaching pack provides a multimedia introduction to the installation of strain gages. The lm explains the competent installation of strain gages by means of cold curing and hot curing adhesives. In addition, the tips and tricks shown can be read in the manuscript and in the specialized book An Introduction to Measurements Using Strain Gages. Order no.: 1-DMS-Lernpaket
Seminars
Learning by rote is not our style. HBM offers you practical basic and advanced training in the eld of the electrical measurement of mechanical quantities. By means of hands-on lectures, the basics will rst be explained and demonstrated, and then used in practice in subsequent training courses. Theory and practice sessions alternate several times during the course of the seminar, in order to discuss and clarify questions which usually rst occur in practical application sessions - in the next theory block. Our concept offers the right seminar for everybody ranging from the free one-day lecture through workshops up to 1-week seminars.
94
seminars, CD ROM
DK
Basics of strain gage bonding and measuring technology Target group: Specialist personnel, master tradesmen or engineers who want to implement strain gage installations independently and under their own responsibility.
DM
Strain gage measuring technology in the manufacture of transducers and in experimental stress analysis Target group: Users from all specialist disciplines who want to carry out measurements by means of strain gages. For more detailed information on our seminars on HBM device technology and software and all seminar dates, please visit our homepage at www.hbm.com. Or request our seminar program from seminare@hbm.com. It is of course possible to implement all seminars that are offered in our seminar center at Darmstadt directly on your own premises. On request, we will modify our seminars in order to enable us to offer a target-oriented basic and advanced training.
e-Strain Gage Catalog

Electronic order catalog and manual for strain gages The e-Strain Catalog to makes it as easy for you to search for and order strain gages. The CD-ROM contains: Help and assistance on to strain gage selection, Installation notes Tips and tricks in strain gage handling, The option of generating a legally binding strain gage quotation by yourself as well as to print out the appropriate order The lm The correct installation of strain gages using our Z70 superglue.
To request your free e-Strain Catalog CD, please send an e-mail to info@hbm.com
95
SG installation service
...for you from us
Benet from over 50 years experience in application know-how

We provide you with these valuable services:
Strain gage installation - Planning support - Installation of strain gages, additional sensors and ampliers - Taking and logging of measurements Special transducers - Applications engineers design and develop special transducers in cooperation with you, these are built, applied and tested at HBM Measuring machine parts - Machine parts are tted with strain gages and thus become transducers adapted to your measurement task Commissioning of HBM measuring equipment Customized adapted system solutions for data acquisition and processing System calibrations including calibration certicate
96
Our experienced service engineers ... Come Consult Install Measure Calibrate at your site or at HBM
Contact us: Strain gage in services Tel.: +49 8000 182388 Email to service@hbm.com For customers in North an South America, please contact: Tel.: +1 800-578-4260 +1 508-624-4500 Fax: +1 508-485-7480 Email to info@usa.hbm.com
97
HBM Companies and Representatives Worldwide

Global Head Offices
Europe Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH: Im Tiefen See 45, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany Tel. +49 6151 8030, Fax +49 6151 8039100 Email: info@hbm.com Internet: www.hbm.com North and South America HBM, Inc., 19 Bartlett Street, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA Tel. +1-800-578-4260 / +1-508-624-4500, Fax +1-508-485-7480 Email: info@usa.hbm.com Asia Hottinger Baldwin Measurement (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. 106 Heng Shan Road, Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu, PR China Tel. (+86) 512 68247776, Fax (+86) 512 68259343 Email: hbmchina@hbm.com.cn Greece: NETSCOPE Solutions S.A. 4, Lachana Str., 14342 N. Filadelfia, Tel. (+30) 210 27 24 107, Fax (+30) 210 27 11 999 Email: mmylonas@netscope.gr Web: www.netscope.gr Hong Kong: refer to HBM (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., PR China Hungary: HB Mrnki Iroda, kos Teleki, Szolo u. 27-29, P.O. Box 81, H-2101 Gdll, Tel. (+36) 28 430 209, Fax (+36) 28 430 115 Email: info@hbmiroda.hu Web: www.hbmiroda.hu Iceland: refer to Norway India: IPS, Integrated Process Systems, 9 MP Avenue, Santhome, Chennai-600 004, Tel. (+91) 44 2498 17 86, 44 2498 00 91 + 92 Fax (+91) 44 2498 17 90 Email: sales@ips-india.com Indonesia: refer to HBM (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., PR China Ireland: refer to UK Israel: **Elina Technologies Ltd., P.O. Box 11475, 3 Hametzuda St,, Ind. Area Azur, Azur 58001, Tel. (+972) 3 559 0277, Fax (+972) 3 559 0360 Email: elina@inter.net.il Italy: HBM Italia s.r.l., Via Pordenone, 8, I-20132 Milano, Tel. (+39) 02 45 47 16 16, Fax (+39) 02 45 47 16 72 Email: info@it.hbm.com Japan: Spectris Co., Ltd. HBM Division, Saitama Urawa Bld., 8F, 2-2-3 Takasago, Urawa-Ku, Saitama City, Saitama Pref., 330-0063 Japan, Tel. (+81) 48 814 0251, Fax (+81) 48 814 0252 Email sales: hbm-sales@spectris.co.jp Email support: kyomi_yokokawa@spectris.co.jp Web: www.hbm.com/jp Korea: Spectris Korea Co. Ltd. / HBM Team, #463-825, 8F Turboteck Bldg. 16-6 Sunae-Dong, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-City, Kyeonggi-Do, Korea Tel. (+82) 31-786-0860~4, Fax (+82) 31-786-0865 E-Mail: wcjung@hbmkorea.co.kr Web: www.hbmkorea.co.kr Liechtenstein: refer to Switzerland Luxembourg: refer to Netherlands Malaysia: refer to HBM (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., PR China Mexico: ByASA Bsculas y automatizaciones S.A., Vereda Nacional No. 7, Prol. Mar Rojo, Col. Popotla, Mexico D.F. CP 11400, Tel. (+52) 5 553419999, Fax (+52) 5 553417981 Email: byasa@prodigy.net.mx Morocco: AUTEREP 195, Boulevard Emile Zola N8, 3me Etage, Belvdre 20300 Casablanca Maroc Tel: (+212) 22 24 73 44, Fax: (+212) 22 24 79 74 Email: info@auterep.ma Email: auterep@auterep.com Web: www.auterep.com Netherlands: HBM Benelux, Laan van Westroijen 2F-G, NL-4003 AZ Tiel, Postbus 6035, NL-4000 HA Tiel, Tel. (+31) 344 67 3434, Fax (+31) 344 67 3435 Email: info@bnl.hbm.com Norway: IAF Maaleteknikk AS, P.B. 254, Kapellveien 18, N-1411 Kolbotn, Tel. (+47) 66 82 31 60, Fax (+47) 66 82 31 61 Email: post@iaf.no Web: http://www.iaf.no Poland: Biuro Inzynierskie M. Zajaczkowski ul. Krauthofera 16, PL 60-203 Poznan, Tel. + Fax (+48) 61 66 25 666 Email: info@bimzajac.com.pl Web: www.bimzajac.com.pl Portugal: HBM Ibrica, S.L. Sucursal, Av. Toms Ribeiro, Ed. de Escritrios, Quinta do Jamor, Gabinete 3, 2795-891 Queijas, Tel. (+351) 214 182 126, Fax (+351) 214 182 127 Email: info@es.hbm.com Romania: Spectromas Srl Office Bukarest: Str. Horia Macelariu nr. 18, Bl.20/1A, Sc.C, Parter, Ap.30, RO-013936 Bucuresti, Sector 1, Tel. (+40) 21 2325791, Fax (+40) 21 2325131 Email: info@spectromas.ro Office Cluj-Napoca: Dipl. Eng. Dragos Muntean Str. Donath 17, Bloc M2, Scara 2, Ap. 14, 3400 Cluj-Napoca, Tel. + Fax (+40) 264 586426 Email: dragos_muntean@spectromas.ro Web: www.spectromas.ro Russia (West): *KWT, Kaschirskoje Schosse, 23, Strojenije 5, Off.1. (A/JA 314), RUS-125009 Moskau, Tel. (+7) 495 743 6827 + 8362, Fax (+7) 495 980 1350 Email: hbmwt@aha.ru Web: www.hbmwt.ru **Messtechnik Moskau A/ja (post-Box) 63, RUS-125047 Moskau, Tel. (+7) 495 787 11 84, Fax (+7) 495 787 11 83 Email: hbmimt@aha.ru Web: www.messtechnik.ru Russia (Sibiria): *Cestus Ltd., Lenina pr., 152-B, 116 Kemerovo, 650065. Russia, Tel. + Fax (+7) 3842 36 28 12 Email: cestus@polenet.ru Singapore: refer to HBM (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., PR China Slovenia and Croatia: TRC, Vreckova 2, SLO-4000 Kranj, Tel. (+386) 4 235 83 10, Fax (+386) 4 235 83 11 Email: ljudmila.licen@siol.net South Africa: Elexsys (Pty) Ltd. Boompies Street, P.O. Box 6007, Parow East 7501, Western Cape Province, Tel. (+27) 21 930-0214, Fax. (+27) 21 930-8685 Email: sales@elexsys.co.za Web: www.elexsys.co.za Spain: HBM Ibrica, S. L., Avda. de los Encuartes, 19, E-28760 Tres Cantos (Madrid) Tel. (+34) 91 806 2610, Fax (+34) 91 804 9327 Email: info@es.hbm.com Sweden: Metrolink Scandinavia AB, Reprovgen 6, S-183 77 Tby, Tel. (+46) 87 56 23 33, Fax (+46) 87 56 23 47 Email: info@metrolink.se Web: www.metrolink.se Switzerland: Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik AG Chriesbaumstrasse 6, CH-8604 Volketswil, Tel. (+41) 44 943 60 80, Fax (+41) 44 943 60 81 Email: info@ch.hbm.com Bro Yverdon: Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik SA Route de Bellevue 11, 1400 Yverdon-les-bains, Tel. (+41) 24 426 72 80, Fax (+41) 24 426 72 85 Syria: *Charbek & Harirah Est., Al-Taweel Building, New Clock Square, P.O. Box 4439, Homs / Syria, Tel. (+963) 31 226 577, Fax (+963) 31 222 020 Email: abc.est@scs-net.org Taiwan: Tolsolution weighing & measurement Ent., General Manager Tony Liu, 9F-2, No. 240, Sec. 2, Ta-Tung Rd., Hsi-Chi Town, Taipei Hsien, Taiwan R.O.C., Tel. (+886) 2 2649 7330, Fax (+886) 2 2649 7335 Email: liu.wt@msa.hinet.net Thailand: **Dynistec Co Ltd., 32/92 Moo 8, Nuanchan Road, Klongkum, Bungkum, Bangkok 10230, Tel. (+66) 2 9461735 7, Fax (+66) 2 8410039 Email: intro@ksc.th.com Tunisia: SCOPIA , 24 Bis, Rue Said Abou Baker, 1001 Tunis, Tel. (+216) 71 25 66 96, Fax (+216) 71 33 27 06 Email: Sonelect.scopia@gnet.tn Turkey: Sensor Teknolojileri Ltd. Sti., Ziyabey Cad.13. Sk. No: 22/1, 06520 Balgat / Ankara, Tel. (+90) 312 284 9723, Fax (+90) 312 284 9213 Email: t.batur@sensor-hbm.com Web: www.sensor-hbm.com UK: HBM United Kingdom Ltd., 1 Churchill Court, 58 Station Road, North Harrow, Middlesex, HA2 7SA, Tel. +44 (0) 208 515 6100, Fax +44 (0)208 515 6149 Email: info@uk.hbm.com Ukraine: Anwit, Garmatna 8, 03067 Kiev, Tel./Fax (+380) 444514699 Email: but@ukrnet.net Venezuela: I.C.C. Ingeniera de Control de Calidad, Av. Fco. De Miranda, Torre Profesional La California, Piso 1, Oficina 1-3, Urb. La California Norte, Caracas 1070A, Tel. (+58) 212 2729756, Fax (+58) 212 2713270 Email: ventas@icc.com.ve Vietnam: **Thuan Quoc Jsc., 53 Lac Trung - Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi, Tel. (+84) 4 7762744, Fax (+84) 4 7762745 Email: tqco@hn.vnn.vn Yugoslavia and Macedonia: TRCpro, Preradoviceva 31, YU-21131 Petrovaradin, Tel. + Fax (+381) 21-6433774, 6433824, 6431929 Email: trcpro@neobee.net
Sales Companies Worldwide

Argentina: I.S.P.I.S.A., I.S. Proveedores de Industrias S.A., Ameghino 3321 (B1674AGO), Senz Pea, 1674 Buenos Aires, Tel. (+54)11 47571839, Fax (+54)11 47571839 ext.39 Email: ispisa@rcc.com.ar Australia: *Rinstrum, 41 Success Street, Acacia Ridge, Qld. 4110, P.O. Box 300, Archerfield, Qld. 4108, Tel. (+61) 7 3216 7166, Fax (+61) 7 3216 6211 Email: sales@rinstrum.com Web: www.rinstrum.com Austria: Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH, Lembckgasse 63/2/2, A-1230 Wien Tel. (+43) 1 865 84 41, Fax (+43) 1 865 84 41-420 Email: info@at.hbm.com Baltic provinces (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania): ISOmetrija SIA, Mukusalas iela 42, LV-1004 Riga, Tel. (+371) 76 14 427, Fax (+371) 76 15 140 Email: isometrija@apollo.lv Belgium: refer to Netherlands Brazil: HBM do Brasil Ltda, Rua Jos de Carvalho, 55 So Paulo, SP, 04714-020 Brazil, Tel. (+55) 11 5188 8193, Fax (+55) 11 5182 5339 Email: hbm@hbm-br.com.br Bulgaria: Sigmametro EOOD, Bistar Potok Str. 30, 1641 Sofia, Tel. (+359) 2 9515172, Fax (+359) 2 9516680 Email: sigmametro@cabelnet.net Canada: refer to HBM, Inc., USA Chile: CELESTRON, Eliodoro Yaez 1231, Providencia, Santiago, Tel. (+56) 2 2640404, Fax (+56) 2 2641434 Email: celestron@celestron.cl Columbia: B.C.I., Bsculas comerciales e Industriales Ltda., Kra. 56 B #46-40, Barrio Salitre-Greco, Bogota, Tel. (57) 1 3157572, Fax (+57) 1 3156457 Email: bci@supercabletv.net.co Croatia: refer to Slovenia Czech Republic and Slovakia: HBP, Ing. Ivan Wasgestian, Podskalska 7, CZ-128 00 Praha 2, Tel. (+42) 0224 921861, 0224912437, Fax (+42) 02 24 91 36 57 Email: hbmcz@hbm.cz Denmark: NORIS Mleteknik ApS, Nydamsvej 19D, 8362 Hrning, Tel. (+45) 87 68 05 00, Fax (+45) 87 68 05 01 Email: sales@noris.dk Egypt: **SOI Scientific Office for Instruments, P.O. Box 262; Sidi Gaber, El Horia Avenue behind 330 Sidi Gaber Alexandria, Tel. (+203) 522 5080, Fax (+203) 546 5412 Email: ebtehalf@aast.edu Finland: Oy Transmotec Ab, c/o Jyrki Peltonen, Tupamenkuja 7, 21330 Paattinen, Finland, Tel. (+358) 50 4626653, Fax (+358) 22 579378 Email: info@transmotec.fi Web: http://www.transmotec.fi France: HBM France SAS, 46 rue du Champoreux, BP 76, F-91542 Mennecy Cedex, Tel. (+33) 1 69 90 63 70, Fax (+33) 1 69 90 63 80 Email: info@fr.hbm.com
*= for Weighing components **= for Industrial Measurement components
The current List of Representatives is also available on the Internet at: www.hbm.com/representatives Modifications reserved. All details describe our products in general form only. They are not to be unterstood as express warranty and do not constitute any liability whatsoever.
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Strain Gages

measurement with confidence

Y, V, C, G and K series strain gages

Strain Gages and Accessories

58 59 60-61 62-64 65 66-67

Special strain gages, MTS 3000

Strain gage accessories

Strain gage installation service

Strain Gages and Accessories

New . New . New . New . New . New . New

competence in residual stress analysis

Strain Gages and Accessories

New .New . New . New . New . New . New . New

T rosette with big solder tabs with strain relief

KY8x VY4x... RY61... KY9x

StrainGages Gagesand andAccessories Accessories Strain

Strain gages used in:

Strain gages in railway engineering Experimental stress analysis on a railway car

Strain gages in the manufacture of transducers SG installed on a customized torque transducer

Strain Gages and Accessories

manufacture of transducers, electrical industry

Strain Gages and Accessories

How to nd the right strain gage (SG)

Strain Gages and Accessories

high-quality transducers, creep adjustment required?

according to the measurement task:

SG rosette with 3 measuring grids

SG rosette with 2 measuring grids

homogeneous eld of strain?

actual SG size determined by test objects measure strain gradient?

short measuring grids

Strain Gages and Accessories

Strain Gages and Accessories

a active measuring grid length

Schematic diagram of a strain gage

Strain gage resistance

Gage factor (strain sensitivity)

Temperature coefficient of the gage factor

gages of the V series, LE11 * see page 42 and following pages

Strain Gages and Accessories

Schematic diagram of the transverse sensitivity of a measuring grid

Strain Gages and Accessories

Operating temperature range

Temperature response in a 1/4-bridge circuit

with with with with with with with

=10.8 = 23 = 16 = 0.5 = 9 = 65 = 5.4

Strain Gages and Accessories

Strain Gages and Accessories

Minimum radius of curvature

alternating strain w in mm/m (inch/1000 inch)

remaining zero point error in m/m (microstrain) 10 30 100 300 failure

number of load cycles n

Example diagram of the fatigue life of strain gages

Alternative bonding materials

Strain Gages and Accessories

From measured strain to

0/45/90 rosette, e.g. RY3x

and for the 0/60/120 rosette:

0/60/120 rosette, e.g. RY7x

Strain Gages and Accessories

Then the angle should be determined using the below scheme:

Strain Gages and Accessories

available for selected strain gages only