GLOSSARY Introduction

April /'CBUpLo/ abril August /'GZLgW/ agosto birthday /'VKeXM/ cumpleaos black /VoDY/ negro/a blue /VoI/ azul book /VHY/ libro brown /VpPm/ marrn December /XB'gClVL/ diciembre eight /CBW/ ocho eighteen /CB'WAm/ dieciocho eighth /CBWe/ octavo/a eighty /'CBWi/ ochenta eleven /B'oCdm/ once February /'cCVpILpi/ febrero fifteen /cBc'WAm/ quince fifth /cBce/ quinto/a fifty /'cBcWi/ cincuenta first /'cKgW/ primero/a five /cOd/ cinco forty /'cGWi/ cuarenta four /cG/ cuatro fourteen /cG'WAm/ catorce fourth /cGe/ cuarto/a Friday /'cpOXM/ viernes green /ZpAm/ verde grey /ZpCB/ gris January /'bDmqHLpi/ enero July /bI'oO/ julio June /XjIm/ junio March /lEa/ marzo May /lM/ mayo Monday /'lJmXM/ lunes nine /mOm/ nueve nineteen /mOm'WAm/ diecinueve ninety /'mOmWi/ noventa ninth /mOme/ noveno/a notebook /'mNWVHY/ cuaderno November /mLH'dClVL/ noviembre October /FY'WNVL/ octubre one /rJm/ uno one hundred /rJm 'kJmXpLX/ cien orange /'FpBmb/ naranja pen /UCm/ bolgrafo pencil /'UCmgo/ lpiz, lapicero
Build Up 1 Spanish
B Burlington Books

pencil case /'UCmgo YMg/ estuche pink /UBnY/ rosa purple /'UKUo/ morado/a red /pCX/ rojo/a rubber /'pJVL/ goma (de borrar) ruler /'pIoL/ regla Saturday /'gDWLXM/ sbado schoolbag /'gYIoVDZ/ mochila second /'gCYLmX/ segundo/a September /gCU'WClVL/ septiembre seven /'gCdm/ siete seventeen /gCdm'WAm/ diecisiete seventh /'gCdme/ sptimo/a seventy /'gCdmWi/ setenta six /gBYg/ seis sixteen /gBYg'WAm/ diecisis sixth /gBYge/ sexto/a sixty /'gBYgWi/ sesenta Sunday /'gJmXM/ domingo ten /WCm/ diez tenth /WCme/ dcimo/a third /eKX/ tercero/a thirteen /eK'WAm/ trece thirty /'eKWi/ treinta three /epA/ tres Thursday /'eKhXM/ jueves Tuesday /'WqIhXM/ martes twelve /WrCod/ doce twenty /'WrCmWi/ veinte two /WI/ dos Wednesday /'rCmhXM/ mircoles white /rOW/ blanco/a yellow /'qCoN/ amarillo/a

Unit 1
Algeria /Do'bBLpiL/ Argelia Belgium /'VCoXjLl/ Blgica brother /'VpJfL/ hermano Cambodia /Yl'VNXiL/ Camboya capital city /'YUBWo gBWi/ capital (de un pas) children /'WiBoXpLm/ nios; hijos China /'WiOmL/ China Chinese /WiO'mAh/ chino/a daughter /'XGWL/ hija Ecuador /'CYrLXG/ Ecuador

glossary

Ecuadorian /CYrL'XGpiLm/ ecuatoriano/a England /'BnZoLmX/ Inglaterra English /'BnZoBi/ ingls/esa Ethiopia /Aei'NUiL/ Etiopa father /'cEfL/ padre flag /coZ/ bandera France /cpEmg/ Francia French /cpCma/ francs/esa Germany /'bKlLmi/ Alemania grandfather /'ZpDmcEfL/ abuelo grandmother /'ZpDmlJfL/ abuela grandparents /'ZpDmUSpLmWg/ abuelos Greece /ZpAg/ Grecia Holland /'kFoLmX/ Holanda Hungary /'kJmZpi/ Hungra Ireland /'OLoLmX/ Irlanda Italy /'BWLoi/ Italia Moroccan /lL'pFYLm/ marroqu Morocco /lL'pFYLH/ Marruecos Moscow /'lFgYN/ Mosc mother /'lJfL/ madre Norway /'mGrCB/ Noruega parents /'UCLpLmWg/ padres Poland /'UNoLmX/ Polonia Romania /pH'lMmiL/ Rumana Romanian /pH'lMmiLm/ rumano/a royal family /'pQLo cDlLoi/ Familia Real Russia /'pJiL/ Rusia Russian /'pJim/ ruso/a Scotland /'gYFWoLmX/ Escocia sister /'gBgWL/ hermana son /gJm/ hijo Spain /gUCBm/ Espaa Spanish /'gUDmBi/ espaol/a Sweden /'grAXm/ Suecia Switzerland /'grBWgoLmX/ Suiza Wales /rMoh/ (pas de) Gales whiteboard /'rOWVGX/ pizarra

Unit 2
ancient /'MmiLmW/ antiguo/a astrolabe /'DgWpLoMV/ astrolabio buy things /'VO eBnh/ comprar cosas candle /'YmXo/ vela (de cera) century /'gCmaLpi/ siglo chat with friends /'aDW rBf cpCmXh/ charlar con amigos/as clean my room /'YoAm lO pIl/ limpiar mi cuarto
Build Up 1 Spanish
B Burlington Books

clock /YoFY/ reloj do homework /XI 'kNlrKY/ hacer los deberes early /'Koi/ pronto easy /'Ahi/ fcil everybody /'CdpiVFXi/ todos/as fun /cJm/ divertido/a get dressed /ZCW 'XpCgX/ vestirse get up /ZCW 'JU/ levantarse (de la cama) go home /ZN 'kNl/ ir a casa go shopping /ZN 'iFUBn/ ir de compras go swimming /ZN 'grBlBn/ ir a nadar go to bed /ZN WL 'VCX/ ir a la cama go to school / ZN WL 'gYIo/ ir al colegio great /ZpCBW/ genial guess /ZCg/ adivinar have a shower /kDd L 'iPL/ darse una ducha have breakfast /kDd 'VpCYcLgW/ desayunar have dinner /kDd 'XBmL/ cenar have lunch /kDd 'oJmWi/ comer holiday /'kFoLXM/ vacaciones hourglass /'PLZoEg/ reloj de arena Japan /bL'UDm/ Japn Japanese /XjDULm'Ah/ japons/esa join /bQm/ unir(se) late /oCBW/ tarde listen to music /oBgm WL 'lqIhBY/ escuchar msica measure /'lCjL/ medir, calcular meet friends /lAW 'cpCmXh/ quedar con amigos/as mobile phone /lNVOo 'cNm/ telfono mvil play football /UoM 'cHWVGo/ jugar al ftbol play games /UoM 'ZMlh/ jugar a juegos play the guitar /UoM fL ZB'WE/ tocar la guitarra read a book /pAX L 'VHY/ leer un libro ride a bike /pOX L 'VOY/ montar en bicicleta schoolwork /'gYIorKY/ trabajo escolar/de clase send text messages /gCmX 'WCsW lCgBbBh/ mandar mensajes de texto shadow /'iDXLH/ sombra shoe /iI/ zapato star /gWE/ estrella study /'gWJXi/ estudiar sundial /'gJmXOLo/ reloj de sol teenager /'WAmMbL/ adolescente watch /rFa/ reloj (de pulsera) watch TV /rFa WA'dA/ ver la televisin work /rKY/ funcionar

glossary

Unit 3
amphibian /Dl'cBViLm/ anfibio arm /El/ brazo at the top /DW fL 'WFU/ en la cima/cumbre bird /VKX/ pjaro, ave butterfly /'VJWLcoO/ mariposa canary /YL'mSpi/ canario carnivore /'YEmBdG/ carnvoro/a consumer /YLm'gqIlL/ consumidor/a eagle /'AZo/ guila ear /R/ oreja, odo elephant /'CoBcLmW/ elefante/a eye /O/ ojo foot /cHW/ pie, pata frog /cpFZ/ rana giraffe /bL'pEc/ jirafa gorilla /ZL'pBoL/ gorila hair /kCL/ pelo, cabello hamster /'kDlgWL/ hmster hand /kmX/ mano head /kCX/ cabeza herbivore /'kKVBdG/ herbvoro/a horse /kGg/ caballo insect /'BmgCYW/ insecto leg /oCZ/ pierna, pata, anca (de rana) lion /'oOLm/ len look like /'oHY oOY/ parecer(se) meat /lAW/ carne mountain /'lPmWLm/ montaa mouth /lPe/ boca nose /mNh/ nariz own /Nm/ propio/a panda /'UDmXL/ oso panda pet /UCW/ animal de compaa, mascota producer /UpL'XqIgL/ productor reptile /'pCUWOo/ reptil shark /iEY/ tiburn size /gOh/ tamao snake /gmMY/ serpiente teeth /WAe/ dientes tiger /'WOZL/ tigre weight /rMW/ peso whale /rMo/ ballena zebra /'hCVpL/ cebra

Unit 4
all over the world /Go NdL fL 'rKoX/ alrededor del mundo bathroom /'VEepIl/ cuarto de bao bed /VCX/ cama bedroom /'VCXpIl/ dormitorio block /VoFY/ bloque carpet /'YEUBW/ alfombra chair /aS/ silla character /'YpLYWL/ personaje company /'YJlULmi/ compaa, empresa cook dinner /YHY 'XBmL/ hacer la cena cupboard /'YJVLX/ armario desk /XCgY/ escritorio, pupitre dining room /'XOmBn pIl/ comedor do the laundry /XI fL 'oGmXpi/ hacer la colada electricity /BoCY'WpBgLWi/ electricidad feed the dog /cAX fL 'XFZ/ dar de comer al perro garage /'ZDpEj/ garaje garden /'ZEXm/ jardn kitchen /'YBWiBm/ cocina lamp /oDlU/ lmpara living room /'oBdBn pIl/ sala de estar, saln look for /'oHY cG/ buscar make the bed /lMY fL 'VCX/ hacer la cama Pope /UNU/ Papa (de la Iglesia) portable /'UGWLVo/ porttil President /'UpChBXLmW/ Presidente/a Prime Minister /UpOl 'lBmBgWL/ Primer/a Ministro/a reading corner /'pAXBn YGmL/ rincn de la lectura really /'pBLoi/ realmente, verdaderamente sheep /iAU/ oveja(s) shelves /iCodh/ baldas, estantes sofa /'gLHcL/ sof start /gWEW/ comienzo, principio strange /gWpMmb/ extrao/a street /gWpAW/ calle streetlamp /'gWpAWoDlU/ farola suddenly /'gJXLmoi/ de repente, de pronto sweep the floor /grAU fL 'coG/ barrer el suelo table /'WMVo/ mesa take out the rubbish /WMY PW fL 'pJVBi/ sacar la basura tiny /'WOmi/ diminuto/a, minsculo/a together /WL'ZCfL/ juntos/as tunnel /'WJmo/ tnel under the ground /JmXL fL 'ZpPmX/ debajo de la tierra

Build Up 1 Spanish

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glossary

unusual /Jm'qIjHLo/ inusual wash the dishes /rFi fL 'XBiBh/ fregar los platos water /'rGWL/ agua water the plants /rGWL fL 'UoEmWg/ regar las plantas

Unit 5
angry /'DnZpi/ enfadado/a bad /VDX/ malo/a bean /VAm/ alubia, juda Belgian /'VCoXjLm/ belga bored /VGX/ (estar) aburrido/a bread /VpCX/pan Bulgarian /VJo'ZSpiLm/blgaro/a cake /YMY/tarta, pastel cheese /aAh/queso chicken /'aBYBm/pollo chips /aBUg/patatas fritas chocolate /'aFYoLW/chocolate cola /'YNoL/refresco de cola cup /YJU/taza diet /'XOLW/dieta egg /CZ/huevo excited /BY'gOWBX/entusiasmado/a fat /cW/grasa fish /cBi/pescado frightened /'cpOWmX/ asustado/a fruit /cpIW/fruta grain /ZpMm/cereal gram /ZpDl/gramo happy /'kUi/feliz, contento/a have a look /kDd L 'oHY/echar un vistazo healthy /'kCoei/sano/a, saludable hungry /'kJnZpi/hambriento/a ice cream /Og 'YpAl/ helado mayonnaise /lML'mMh/mayonesa meat /lAW/carne meatball /'lAWVGo/albndiga milk /lBoY/leche nut /mJW/nuez olive /'FoBd/aceituna onion /'JmqLm/cebolla orange juice /'FpBmb bIg/ zumo de naranja potato /UL'WMWN/patata pyramid /'UBpLlBX/pirmide recipe /'pCgLUi/receta rice /pOg/arroz sad /gDX/triste
Build Up 1 Spanish
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salad /'gDoLX/ensalada sandwich /'gDmrBa/ bocadillo spaghetti /gUL'ZCWi/ espagueti sugar /'iHZL/ azcar surprised /gL'UpOhX/ sorprendido/a thirsty /'eKgWi/ sediento/a tired /'WOLX/ cansado/a tomato /WL'lEWN/ tomate

Unit 6
Ash Wednesday /Di 'rCmhXM/ mircoles de ceniza basketball /'VEgYBWVGo/ baloncesto bounce /VPmg/ botar boxing /'VFsBn/ boxeo carry /'YDpi/ llevar catch /YDa/ coger champion /'aDlUiLm/ campen/ona chariot racing /'WiDpiLW pMgBn/ carrera de carros / cuadrigas cook /YHY/ cocinero/a dance /XEmg/ bailar discus throwing /'XBgYLg epNBn/ lanzamiento de disco drive /XpOd/ conducir goal /ZNo/ portera Good luck! /ZHX 'oJY/ Buena suerte! gymnastics /bBl'mgWBYg/ gimnasia hit /kBW/ golpear horse riding /'kGg pOXBn/ equitacin ice skating /'Og gYMWBn/ patinaje sobre hielo Its great fun /BWg ZpCBW 'cJm/ es muy divertido javelin /'bDdoBm/ jabalina Join the fun! /bQm fL 'cJm/ nete a la fiesta! judo /'bIXN/ judo jump /bJlU/ saltar jumping /'bJlUBn/ salto kick /YBY/ golpear, dar una patada Lent /oCmW/ Cuaresma lose /oIh/ perder prize /UpOh/ premio race /pMg/ carrera rollerblading /'pNoLVoMXBn/ patinaje (con patines en lnea) rule /pIo/ regla, norma run /pJm/ correr Shrove Tuesday /ipNd 'WqIhXM/ martes de carnaval skateboard /'gYMWVGX/ monopatn, patinete skateboarding /'gYMWVGXBn/ ir en monopatn

glossary

skiing /'gYABn/ esqu surfboard /'gKcVGX/ tabla de surf surfing /'gKcBn/ surf swim /grBl/ nadar team /WAl/ equipo tennis /'WCmBg/ tenis the Olympics /fA L'oBlUBYg/ las Olimpiadas third /eKX/ tercero/a throw /epN/ arrojar, lanzar town /WPm/ ciudad tradition /WpL'XBim/ tradicin volleyball /'dFoiVGo/ voleibol, balonvolea weightlifting /'rMWoBcWBn/ levantamiento de peso welcome /'rCoYLl/ bienvenidos/as win /rBm/ ganar, vencer winner /'rBmL/ ganador/a wrestling /'pCgoBn/ lucha

on /Fm/ sobre, encima de opposite /'FULhBW/ enfrente de palace /'UDoLg/ palacio Parliament /'UEoLlLmW/ Parlamento restaurant /'pCgWpFmW/ restaurante road /pNX/ carretera Roman /'pNlLm/ romano/a shoe shop /'iI iFU/ zapatera shopping centre /'iFUBn gCmWL/ centro comercial sports centre /'gUGWg gCmWL/ polideportivo supermarket /'gIULlEYBW/ supermercado under /'JmXL/ debajo de western /'rCgWLm/ occidental wild west /rOoX 'rCgW/ salvaje oeste

Unit 8
adventure /LX'dCmWiL/ aventura army /'Eli/ ejrcito beautiful /'VqIWBco/ guapo/a, precioso/a cape /YMU/ capa clay /YoCB/ arcilla, barro dark /XEY/ oscuro/a die /XO/ morir discover /XB'gYJdL/ descubrir disguise /XBg'ZOh/ disfraz dress /XpCg/ vestido earplugs /'RUoJZh/ tapones para los odos exhibit /BZ'hBVBW/ objeto expuesto exhibition /CYgB'VBim/ exposicin fat /cW/ gordo/a film /cBol/ pelcula funny /'cJmi/ raro/a; divertido/a Greek /ZpAY/ griego/a hat /kDW/ sombrero jacket /'bDYBW/ chaqueta, americana, cazadora jeans /bAmh/ pantalones vaqueros job /bFV/ trabajo, empleo light /oOW/ claro/a long /oFn/ largo/a nanny /'mDmi/ niera new /mqI/ nuevo/a old /NoX/ viejo/a pirate /'UOpLW/ pirata plaster /'UoEgWL/ yeso ready /'pCXi/ preparado/a sandals /'gDmXoh/ sandalias scarf /gYEc/ bufanda, pauelo

Unit 7
above /L'VJd/ encima de, sobre Anglo-Saxon /DnZoN'gDYgm/ anglosajn/ona bakery /'VMYLpi/ panadera behind /VB'kOmX/ detrs de bell /VCo/ campana between /VB'WrAm/ entre (dos cosas) bookshop /'VHYiFU/ librera building /'VBoXBn/ edificio butchers /'VHaLh/ carnicera caf /'YcM/ caf, cafetera church /WiKa/ iglesia cinema /'gBmLlL/ cine cow /YP/ vaca either /'OfL/ tampoco fire /'cOL/ incendio general store /'bCmpLo gWG/ tienda (de comestibles), almacn ghost /ZNgW/ fantasma gold /ZLHoX/ oro hospital /'kFgUBWo/ hospital in /Bm/ en, dentro de in front of /Bm 'cpJmW Ld/ delante de lesson /'oCgLm/ clase, leccin library /'oOVpLpi/ biblioteca museum /lqI'hALl/ museo music shop /'lqIhBY iFU/ tienda de msica need /mAX/ necesitar next to /'mCYgW WI/ al lado de noise /mQh/ ruido
Build Up 1 Spanish
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glossary

shirt /iKW/ camisa shoes /iIh/ zapatos short /iGW/ corto/a shorts /iGWg/ pantalones cortos skirt /gYKW/ falda socks /gFYg/ calcetines still /gWBo/ todava sweater /'grCWL/ jersey swim hat /'grBl kDW/ gorro de bao swimsuit /'grBlgIW/ baador teen /WAm/ juvenil thin /eBm/ delgado/a trainers /'WpMmLh/ zapatillas de deporte Trojan horse /WpNbLm 'kGg/ caballo de Troya trousers /'WpPhLh/ pantalones truth /WpIe/ verdad T-shirt /'WAiKW/ camiseta ugly /'JZoi/ feo/a waistcoat /'rMgYNW/ chaleco

scooter /'gYIWL/ escter ship /iBU/ barco steam /gWAl/ vapor Swiss /grBg/ suizo/a Switzerland /'grBWgoLmX/ Suiza take /WMY/ coger (un medio de transporte) taxi /'WYgi/ taxi train /WpMm/ tren tram /WpDl/ tranva underground /'JmXLZpPmX/ metro van /dDm/ furgoneta wonder /'rJmXL/ maravilla

Unit 9
aeroplane /'CLpLUoCBm/ avin, aeroplano beach /VAWi/ playa bicycle /'VOgBYo/ bicicleta boat /VNW/ barco/a bus /VJg/ autobs canyon /'YmqLm/ can car /YE / coche, automvil conquer /'YFnYL/ conquistar contest /'YFmWCgW/ concurso desert /'XChLW/ desierto drive /XpOd/ conducir fly /coO/ volar, pilotar forest /'cFpBgW/ bosque helicopter /'kCoBYFUWL/ helicptero island /'OoLmX/ isla jeep /bAU/ vehculo todoterreno jungle /'bJnZo/ selva lake /oMY/ lago lorry /'oFpi/ camin motorbike /'lNWLVOY/ moto mountain /'lPmWLm/ montaa ocean /'Nim/ ocano reef /pAc/ arrecife ride /pOX/ montar (a caballo, en bicicleta, en moto) river /'pBdL/ ro sail /gMo/ navegar
Build Up 1 Spanish
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SPEAKING GUIDE INTRODUCTION UNIT

Greetings and introductions Hello, Im (Daniel). /kLoLH Ol ('XDmqLo)/ Hola, soy (Daniel). Im (Lucy) and this is my friend (David). /Ol ('oIgi) DmX fBg Bh lO cpCmX ('XMdBX)/ Soy (Lucy) y este es mi amigo (David). Nice to meet you. /mOg WL 'lAW qI/ Encantado de conocerte. Classroom language When is (the English lesson)? /rCm Bh (fA 'BnZoBi oCgLm)/ Cundo es (la clase de ingls)? Who knows the answer to question (1)? /kI mNh fA 'EmgL WL YrCgWiLm (rJm)/ Quin sabe la respuesta a la pregunta (1)? Where is (your pencil)? /rCL Bh (qG 'UCmgo)/ Dnde est (tu lapicero)? What is the homework? /rFW Bh fL 'kNlrKY/ Cules son los deberes? Do you understand the question? /XI qI JmXLgWDmX fL 'YrCgWiLm/ Entiendes la pregunta? Can you spell this word? /YLm qI 'gUCo fBg rKX/ Sabes deletrear esta palabra? Please be quiet. /UoAh VA 'YrOLW/ Callaos, por favor. Please read the (text). /UoAh pAX fL ('WCsW)/ Por favor, leed el (texto). Open your books to page (15). /NULm qG 'VHYg WL UMb (cBcWAm)/ Abrid los libros por la pgina (15). Please sit down. /UoAh gBW 'XPm/ Sentaos, por favor. Whats your name? /rFWg qG 'mMl/ Cmo te llamas? How do you say this in English? / kP XI qI gM fBg Bm 'BnZoBi/ Cmo se dice esto en ingls? Answer the questions. /EmgL fL 'YrCgWiLmh/ Contestad las preguntas. Copy and complete the chart. /YFUi DmX YLlUoAW fL 'aEW/ Copiad y completad el cuadro. Can you help me, please? /YLm qI 'kCoU lA UoAh/ Puedes ayudarme, por favor? Match the words to the pictures. /lDWi fL 'rKXh WL fL UBYWiLh/ Relaciona las palabras con las fotografas / los dibujos. Choose the correct answer. /aIh fL YLpCYW 'EmgL/ Elige la respuesta correcta. Write the words in the correct order. /pOW fL 'rKXh Bm fL YLpCYW GXL/ Escribe las palabras en el orden correcto.

Unit 1
Introductions Where are you from? /rCL L qG 'cpFl/ De dnde eres? Im from (England). /Ol cpLl ('BnZoLmX)/ Soy de (Inglaterra). Whats your (name / nationality)? /rFWg qG ('mMl / miL'mDoLWi)/ Cmo te (llamas)? / Cul es tu (nacionalidad)? My name is (David). /lO mMl Bh ('XMdBX)/ Me llamo (David). Exchanging personal information Im (English / thirteen years old). /Ol ('BnZoBi / eK'WAm qRh NoX)/ Soy (ingls). / Tengo (trece aos). Ive got (a brother). /Od ZFW (L 'VpJfL)/ Tengo (un hermano).

Build Up 1 Spanish

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speaking guide

Unit 2
Talking about routines I often get up at (seven oclock). /O 'Fcm ZCW JU LW (gCdm LYoFY)/ A menudo me levanto a (las siete en punto). You always ... /qI 'GorCBh/ T siempre... She sometimes ... /iA 'gJlWOlh/ Ella algunas veces... They never ... /fM 'mCdL/ Ellos nunca... We go to school at (eight oclock). /rA ZN WL 'gYIo LW (CBW LYoFY)/ Vamos al colegio a (las ocho en punto). They have breakfast at (half past seven). /fM kDd 'VpCYcLgW LW (kEc UEgW gCdm)/ Desayunan a (las siete y media). Talking about activities (Darren) plays (computer games). /('XDpm) UoMh (YLlUqIWL ZMlh)/ (Darren) juega (con el ordenador). I play (computer games), too. /'O UoM (YLlUqIWL ZMlh WI)/ Yo tambin juego (con el ordenador).

Unit 3
Exchanging information What colour is it? /rFW 'YJoL Bh BW/ De qu color es? What does it do? /rFW XJh BW 'XI/ Qu hace? When does it (sleep)? /rCm XJh BW ('goAU)/ Cundo (duerme)? Describing animals Its got (big ears). /BWg ZFW ('VBZ Rh)/ Tiene (las orejas grandes). Its a (snake). /BWg L ('gmMY)/ Es una (serpiente).

Unit 4
Talking about current actions What are you doing? /rFW L qG 'XIBn/ Qu ests haciendo? Where is (your sister)? /rCL Bh (qG 'gBgWL)/ Dnde est (tu hermana)? Do you usually (eat in the kitchen)? /XL qI qIhILoi (AW Bm fL 'YBWiBm)/ Normalmente (comes en la cocina)? Describing a picture Hes in (the garden). /kAh Bm (fL 'ZEXm)/ Est en (el jardn). Theyre (watching TV). /fS (rFaBn WA'dA)/ Estn (viendo la televisin).

Unit 5
Expressing likes and dislikes I love / like (chocolate) . /O 'oJd/'oOY (aFYoLW)/ Me encanta / gusta (el chocolate). I dont mind (fish). /O XNmW 'lOmX (cBi)/ No me desagrada (el pescado). I hate / dislike (onions) . /O 'kMW/XBg'oOY (JmqLmh)/ Odio / No me gusta/n (las cebollas). Ordering food Do you want to order? /XL qI rFmW WL 'GXL/ Quieres pedir? Yes, I want (fish) and (chips), please. /qCg O rFmW ('cBi) DmX ('aBUg) UoAh/ S, quiero (pescado) y (patatas fritas), por favor. OK, thats (20). /NYM fDWg (WrCmWi 'qHLpLHh)/ De acuerdo, son (20 ).
Build Up 1 Spanish
B Burlington Books

speaking guide

Unit 6
Talking about abilities Can you (swim) well? /YLm qI ('grBl) rCo/ Sabes (nadar) bien? I cant (play volleyball) well. /O YEmW (UoM 'dFoiVGo) rCo/ No s (jugar) bien (al voleibol). I can (play basketball) well. /O YLm (UoM 'VEgYBWVGo) rCo/ S (jugar) bien (al baloncesto). Making rules You must (kick the ball). /qI 'lJgW (YBY fL VGo)/ Debes (golpear la pelota). You mustnt (catch the ball with your hands). /qI 'lJgmW (YDa fL VGo rBf qG kDmXh)/ No debes (coger la pelota con las manos).

Unit 7
Talking about past events Where were you on (Sunday)? /rCL rK qI Fm ('gJmXM)/ Dnde estabas (el domingo)? Were you at the (cinema)? /rK qI LW fL ('gBmLlL)/ Estabas en (el cine)? I was at the (sports centre). /O rFh LW fL ('gUGWg gCmWL)/ Estaba en (el polideportivo). Comparing past and present There are (shops on Town Street). /fS L ('iFUg Fm WPm gWpAW)/ Hay (tiendas en Town Street). There wasnt (a bakery near the cinema five years ago). /fS rFhmW (L 'VMYLpi mR fL gBmLlL cOd qRg LZN)/ No haba (una panadera cerca del cine hace cinco aos).

Unit 8
Going shopping Can you help me, please? /YLm qI 'kCoU lA UoAh/ Puedes ayudarme, por favor? What size are you? /rFW 'gOh L qI/ Qu talla tienes / usas? What colour do you want? /rFW 'YJoL XL qI rFmW/ Qu color quieres? Do you like this one? /XL qI oOY 'fBg rJm/ Te gusta este/a? Talking about the past I went to (a party at the weekend). /O rCmW WI (L 'UEWi LW fL rAYCmX)/ Fui a (una fiesta el fin de semana). I wore (my blue jeans). /O 'rG (lO VoI bAmh)/ Llev / Llevaba (mis vaqueros azules).

Unit 9
Buying a ticket How much is a (museum) ticket? /kP 'lJa Bh L (lqIhALl WBYBW)/ Cunto cuesta una entrada (al museo)? Its (10) for adults and (5) for children. /BWg (WCm UPmXh) cL 'DXJoWg DmX (cOd UPmXh) cL 'WiBoXpLm/ Son (10 ) por adulto y (5 ) por nio. When is the (museum) open? /rCm Bh fL (lqIhALl) 'NULm/ Cundo est abierto (el museo)? Its open from (9.00) to (4.00). /BWg 'NULm cpLl (mOm) WL (cG)/ Est abierto desde las (9) hasta las (4). Making plans Lets go to (the museum). /oCWg 'ZN WL (fL lqIhALl)/ Vamos / Vayamos (al museo). Why dont we (take the tram)? /rO XNmW rA (WMY fL 'WpDl)/ Por qu no (cogemos el tranva)? Were going to (sail to the island). /rR ZNBn WL (gMo WL fL 'OoLmX)/ Vamos a (navegar hasta la isla). Thats a good / bad idea. /fDWg L 'ZHX / 'VDX OXR/ Esa es una buena / mala idea.
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GRAMMAR APPENDIX introduction

to be
Lo utilizamos para describir cosas, expresar hechos generales e indicar la edad. Recuerda que en la conversacin am, is y are se suelen contraer con el pronombre sujeto. Im thirteen years old. (Tengo trece aos.) En negativa adele la partcula not, que con is y are se contrae en isnt y arent. Im not in the park. (No estoy en el parque.) The teacher isnt in the classroom. (El profesor no est en la clase.) My books arent on my desk. (Mis libros no estn sobre mi pupitre.) Para preguntar se invierte el orden del sujeto y el verbo. Las respuestas breves llevan solo los pronombres sujeto y el verbo to be sin contraer en afirmativa, o contrado en negativa. Is your birthday in May? Yes, it is. / No, it isnt. (Tu cumpleaos es en mayo? S. / No.)

1 Circle the correct answers.

1. Miss Brown am / is / are a teacher. 2. The boys am / is / are 14 years old. 3. I am / is / are in the classroom. 4. My pencil case am / is / are white. 5.  The rubbers am / is / are 2.
form of the verb to be.

4 Answer the questions so they are true for

you. Use short answers.

1. Is your schoolbag pink? 2. Is your pencil yellow? 3. Are your pens blue? 4. Are you twelve years old? 5. Is your birthday in March? 6. Is today Tuesday?

2 Complete the sentences with the correct

1. The girls 2. I 3. Tina 4. My notebooks 5. The pen 6.  My birthday blue. (not) in November.

are

at school. my friend. (not) red.

(not) 12 years old.

Check Yourself!
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb to be.

3 Write questions with the words below and the

correct form of the verb to be.

1.  The teacher classroom. 2.  My notebook schoolbag. 3. 4. I 6. 7. They 8. a student.

in the (not) in my

1. the teacher / at school 3. Mike / 13 years old 4. the pencils / two pounds 5. the schoolbag / green

Is the teacher at school?

you at school? my friends. (not) my pens. I in this class?

Answers, see page 30

2. the students / in the classroom

5. Carol and Mark

David 12 years old?

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GRAMMAR APPENDIX

Las partculas interrogativas

Las partculas interrogativas aparecen solo en preguntas que no pueden contestarse con un s o un no. Who is she? Shes the teacher. (Quin es? Es la profesora.) What is that? Its a notebook. (Qu es eso? Es un cuaderno.) Where are your friends? Theyre in the school. (Dnde estn tus amigos? Estn en el colegio.) When is the English test? Its on Monday. (Cundo es el examen de ingls? Es el lunes.)

Why are you at home? Because Im ill. (Por qu ests en casa? Porque estoy enfermo.)

5 Match the questions and the answers.

Questions 1. Who is that? 2. Where is Jane? 3. What day is it? 4. When is your birthday? 5. Why are you in this classroom? Answers a. Shes at school. b. Because its the English classroom. c. Its Monday.

1 d. Thats Pete.
e. Its in January.

6 Read the answers to the questions. Then choose the correct question word.
1. What / Where is my ruler? Its in your pencil case. 2. When / Where is your birthday? Its in September. 3. Who / Why is the teacher? Miss Smith. 4. What / Where is Benny? At school. 5. Why / When is Helen at school? Because its Tuesday. 6. Who / What is that? Its my English book.

7 Answer the questions so they are true for you.

1. What is your name? 2. Who is your English teacher? 3. Where are you? 4. When is your birthday?

Check Yourself!
Complete the questions with Who, What, Where, When or Why.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

colour is that pen? Its black. is the English lesson? Its on Thursday. is Emma? Shes in the classroom. is that? Thats Davy. is Jill at home? Because its Saturday. are they? Theyre my pencils. is the teacher? Shes at home. is your birthday? Its in August.
Answers, see page 30

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GRAMMAR APPENDIX

unit 1

have got
Se usa have got con I, you, we y they, pero has got con he, she e it.

We have got two schoolbags. (Tenemos dos carteras.) Ecuador has got a yellow, blue and red flag. (Ecuador tiene una bandera amarilla, azul y roja.)
En negativa aadimos not a have y has, pero se usan ms las formas contradas.

John hasnt got Russian postcards. (John no tiene postales rusas.)

 n interrogativa ponemos have o has + el sujeto + got. En las respuestas breves usamos solo los pronombres E sujeto y have / havent o has / hasnt, sin got.

Have you got a postcard collection? Yes, I have. (Tienes una coleccin de postales? S.) Has Paul got a sister? No, he hasnt. (Paul tiene una hermana? No.)

1  Complete the sentences with have got or

has got.

1. John 2.  They 3. I 4. My friend 5.  We Romania.

has got

a pen. a new computer. a dog. a sister. friends from

2 Complete the sentences with the correct

affirmative or negative form of have got.

havent 1.  The students an English lesson today.

2.  Our school a computer room. 3.  Tony collection. 4.  Alfonso and Mara (not) a son. 5. I
and the words below.

got

(not) (not)

Check Yourself!
Complete the sentences with the correct affirmative, negative or interrogative form of have got or has got.

a football a brother.

1.  I His name is Steve.

a brother.

2.  We red schoolbags. Theyre blue. 3.  4.  No, Harry a sister. 5.  China a yellow flag? a dog. 32 days. your class 20 students?
Answers, see page 30

3 Write questions with Have got or Has got

1. Peter / a pencil / in his schoolbag 3. Rachel and Mandy / French parents 4. you / a sister 5. I / your book
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you my pencil?

Has Peter got a pencil in his schoolbag?

2. the teacher / an autograph collection

6.  Ryan Its name is Blackie. 7.  January 8. 

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GRAMMAR APPENDIX

Los adjetivos posesivos

my his her its our

mi, mis su, sus (de l) su, sus (de ella) su, sus (de cosa o animal) nuestro/a, nuestros/as

your tu, tus, su, sus (de usted)

your vuestro/a, vuestros/as, su, sus (de ustedes) their su, sus (de ellos/as)

Siempre van delante de la cosa poseda sin importar el gnero ni el nmero que esta tenga, pues su forma indica quin es el poseedor: our car (nuestro coche) our bikes (nuestras bicis). En la 3 persona del singular se diferencia muy claramente si el poseedor es de gnero masculino (his), femenino (her) o neutro (its).

His grandmother is eighty years old. (Su abuela tiene ochenta aos.) Her nationality is Moroccan. (Su nacionalidad es la marroqu.)

4 Circle the correct answers.

1. Im from London. My / Your nationality is English. 2. Cathy is my friend. Her / Our brother is my friend, too. 3. The students havent got a lesson. His / Their teacher isnt at school. 4. Look at that dog. Your / Its name is Rex. 5. Weve got a new house. Our / Their house is big. 6. Youve got my pen. This is his / your pen. 7. Sarah and I have got a new desk. My / Our desk is blue. 8. Mark is in my class. His / Its brother is in my class, too.

Check Yourself!
Complete the sentences with the correct possessive adjectives.

1. You arent English. 2. I have got a new schoolbag. 3.  Bill and Andy are brothers. 4. Jane has got two sisters. 5.  Danny has got a sport collection. 6. The cat is white. 7. We are in Year 8.

nationality is French. schoolbag is purple. family name is Smith. sisters are great. collection is big. class is 8A. teacher is Mrs Dawson.
Answers, see page 30

name is Fluffy.

8. You and Simon have got a new teacher.

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unit 2

El Present Simple en afirmativa y los adverbios de frecuencia

Recuerda que el Present Simple se usa para expresar: rutinas y horarios gustos y opiniones hechos generales

I have breakfast at eight oclock every morning. (Desayuno a las ocho todas las maanas.) I like the Harry Potter books very much. (Me gustan mucho los libros de Harry Potter.) Many children go to bed early. (Muchos nios se van a la cama temprano.)

En afirmativa es igual que el infinitivo sin to, excepto en la 3 persona del singular que termina en s. En algunos casos, dependiendo de las terminaciones de los verbos, se aade es: los terminados en ss, sh, ch y x miss misses finish finishes los que acaban en o do does go goes los que terminan en consonante + y study studies En este caso, cambia la y por una i antes de aadirle la terminacin en es. Los adverbios de frecuencia son palabras muy usadas con el Present Simple. Expresan la frecuencia con que hacemos algo.

watch watches

fix fixes

always (siempre) usually (normalmente)

often (a menudo) sometimes (a veces, algunas veces)

never (nunca)

Siempre van delante del verbo pero, si se trata del verbo to be, se colocan detrs. School always starts at half past eight. (El colegio siempre empieza a las ocho y media.) Peoples routines are often very different. (Las rutinas de la gente son a menudo muy diferentes.)

1  Write sentences with the words below.

Use the Present Simple affirmative.

2  Add the adverbs of frequency to the

sentences below.

1.  my mother / read / books / at night 3. the children / play / football / on Mondays 4. Tom / go / to bed / at eight oclock 5. Lee and Ben / get up / at seven oclock 6.  the teacher / look / at our notebooks / every week

1.  I eat pizza. (never)

My mother reads books at night.

I never eat pizza.

2. I / clean / my room / every day

2. The boys get up at seven oclock. (always) 3. Anna watches TV after school. (often) 4.  My friends buy me presents on my birthday. (usually) 5.  Tom meets friends on Saturdays. (sometimes)

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GRAMMAR APPENDIX

Check Yourself!
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple affirmative.

1.  Paul usually 2.  I 3.  We sometimes 4.  Sally 5.  The teacher often 6.  Jake never 7.  My father and I 8.  My brother always

(start) school at 9 oclock. (walk) to school in the morning. (go) to bed at 10 oclock. (clean) her room every day. (write) questions on the board. (do) homework at school. (watch) TV every evening. (study) at night.
Answers, see page 30

El genitivo sajn
Para indicar de quin es algo aadimos un apstrofo ( ) y una s al poseedor, en caso de ser un sustantivo singular o un nombre propio. Peters shoes (los zapatos de Peter) Si el nombre propio acaba en s, podemos aadirle solo el apstrofo ( ) o las dos cosas. Charles car / Charless car (el coche de Charles) Si el sustantivo es plural y termina en s, solo se pone el apstrofo, pero si es un plural irregular, aadimos las dos cosas. the teachers books (los libros de los profesores) the mens cars (los coches de los hombres)

3  Complete the sentences with the words in brackets and the Saxon Genitive.
1.  The 2.  My 3.  The 4.  My 5. 

girls

(girls) schoolbags are red. (friend) shoes are pink. (dog) ball is blue. (sisters) friends are from Morocco. (John) grandmother is French.

Check Yourself!
Complete the sentences with the words in brackets and the Saxon Genitive.

1. The 2.  My 3.  The 4. 5.  The 6.  My 7.  The 8.  My

Build Up 1 Spanish

(students / work) is good. (brother / notebook) is blue. (boys / names) are Ben and Jake. (Alice / house) is new. (girl / dog) is in the classroom. (parents / birthdays) are in June. (teacher / sister) is a teacher, too. (friends / schoolbags) are in the classroom.
Answers, see page 30

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GRAMMAR APPENDIX

unit 3

El Present Simple en negativa e interrogativa

En negativa aadimos do not (dont) delante del verbo. Para la 3 persona del singular utilizamos does not (doesnt). I dont play the guitar. (No toco la guitarra.) Helen doesnt watch TV. (Helen no ve la televisin.) En interrogativa aadimos do al comienzo de la oracin. Para la 3 persona del singular utilizamos does. En este ltimo caso, como does ya expresa que es 3 persona del singular, no se aade s al verbo principal. En las respuestas breves usa los pronombres sujeto y do / does si son afirmativas o dont / doesnt si son negativas.

Does Mara water the plants? Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. (Riega Mara las plantas? S. / No.)

1 Write the words in the correct order to make sentences.

1.  work / doesnt / my mother / at home 3. TV / watch / my dog / doesnt

My mother doesnt work at home.

4.  dont / English books / read / Pete and Alice / usually 5. doesnt / at school / homework / Harry / do

2. eat / dont / butterflies / other animals

2 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple negative.
1.  I 3. Tom 4. Mario and Mara 5. I 6. My canary (like) snakes. (sing) songs.

dont wear

(wear) a tracksuit for school. (live) in houses. (listen) to music every day. (play) football at school.

2. Giraffes

3 Change the words in bold to make negative sentences. Use the words in brackets.
1. I go to school at eight oclock. (nine oclock) 3. We usually have lunch at school. (always) 4. Tina rides her bike every morning. (every evening) 5. Pandas live up to 20 years. (40 years)

I dont go to school at nine oclock.

2. Benny cleans his room once a week. (every day)

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GRAMMAR APPENDIX

4 Complete the questions with the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple interrogative.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Do

you giraffes Lisa you

like

(like) hamsters? (eat) frogs? (come) from Europe? (work) with horses? (study) biology at school?

your snake

5 Write questions with the words below. Use the Present Simple.
1. your parents / get up / at 7 oclock 3. you / love / animals 4. a cat / sleep / in your room 5. pandas / live / in your country

Do your parents get up at 7 oclock?

2. your family / have dinner / at 8 oclock

6 Answer the questions in Exercise 5.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Check Yourself!
Circle the correct answers.

1. I usually meet / meets my friends after school. 2. Do / Does you want to adopt an animal? 3. Caitlin dont like / doesnt like insects. 4. Andy and I dont go / doesnt go to the zoo every week. 5. Do / Does a whale weigh up to 200 tons? 6. Lin sometimes help / helps at the pet shop. 7. My dog never sleep / sleeps in my room. 8. Zorses dont have / doesnt have babies.
Answers, see page 30

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GRAMMAR APPENDIX

unit 4

El Present Continuous
Recuerda que el Present Continuous expresa lo que estamos haciendo o lo que est pasando en el momento en el que se est hablando. Suele ir acompaado de las expresiones at the moment (en este momento), now (ahora), right now (ahora mismo) y today (hoy). La afirmativa se forma con el presente del verbo to be (am, is, are) + el verbo principal terminado en ing. Josh is reading now. (Josh est leyendo ahora.) En negativa aadimos not a am, pero a is y are podemos aadirles not o la contraccin nt. People arent walking in the street. (La gente no est andando por la calle.) En interrogativa el sujeto va entre el verbo to be y el verbo terminado en ing. En las respuestas breves afirmativas se usan los pronombres sujeto y am, is o are sin contraer, pero en las negativas s se contraen.

Is Belinda listening to music at the moment? Yes, she is. / No, she isnt. (Belinda est escuchando msica en este momento? S. / No.)
Cuando aadas la terminacin ing a un verbo debes seguir las siguientes reglas ortogrficas: Si acaba en e muda, pierde la e.

write writing

drive driving run running

come coming sit sitting

Si es monoslabo y acaba en vocal + consonante, dobla la consonante.

stop stopping

1 Complete the sentences. Use the Present Continuous affirmative.

1.  My friends 2. Brad 3. Gabriella 4. We 5. Helen and Paul
Use the Present Continuous negative.
play have wash feed water

are playing

(play) football at the moment. (read) a good book now.

(do) homework right now. (listen) to music at the moment. (watch) TV now.

2  Complete the sentences with the words below.

Check Yourself!
Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the Present Continuous.

1.  Kenny 2. The girls

isnt playing

tennis right now. the plants now. the dishes at

3. Mark the moment. 4. I 5. Jean and I

1.  now?

you

(go) to bed (not play) football (have) dinner now. (listen) to music right (get)

the dog at the moment. dinner now.

2.  Dan at the moment. 3. We 4.  I now.

3 Circle the correct answers.

1. Am / Is / Are we going to the party now? 2. Am / Is / Are Jenny swimming at the moment? 3. Am / Is / Are Jo and Mike working in the garden right now? 4. Am / Is / Are the teachers watching TV at the moment? 5.  Am / Is / Are your father cooking dinner right now?
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5.  Donna dressed at the moment? 6.  I 7.  David? 8.  They I

(not study) right now. (talk) to (not eat) right now.

Answers, see page 30

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GRAMMAR APPENDIX

Contraste Present Continuous / Presen

t Simple

El Present Simple habla de hechos habituales, mientras que el Present Continuous dice lo que est ocurriendo en el momento presente. I make the bed every day. (Hago la cama todos los das.) I am making the bed now. (Estoy haciendo la cama ahora.) Fjate en que las expresiones temporales ayudan a diferenciar un tiempo del otro.

4  Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple or
Present Continuous.

1. I I 2. Don

am watching watch

(watch) TV at the moment. (watch) it every evening. (not play) tennis on Wednesdays. (not play) because its Wednesday.

Today, he 3. He you you always

(do) homework now? (do) homework after school? (work) in the garden. (not work) in the garden now because he is having lunch.

4. My grandfather usually

Check Yourself!
Choose the correct answers.

1. The teacher at the moment. a. is talking a. is reading a. dont chat a. Does walk a. isnt watching a. Is playing 7. I to you right now. a. am not listening b. dont listen 8. We English every day. a. are studying b. study
Answers, see page 30

b. talks b. reads b. arent chatting b. Is walking b. doesnt watch b. Does play

2. Emily usually in the afternoon. 3. The boys on the Internet now. 4. Jane to school every day? 5. Mark TV every night. 6. Pete the guitar right now?

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GRAMMAR APPENDIX

unit 5

There is / There are; a, an, some, any

Afirmativa There is (o la contraccin theres) va delante de nombres contables en singular y de nombres no contables. Con los nombres contables utilizamos a (o an cuando el nombre empieza con vocal) y con los no contables utilizamos some.

There is a tomato. (Hay un tomate.) There is an onion. (Hay una cebolla.) There is some meat. (Hay algo/un poco de carne.)
Utilizamos there are solo delante de nombres contables en plural.

There are some chips. (Hay [algunas] patatas fritas.)

Negativa

Aadimos not o nt detrs de is/are. En lugar de a/an o some utilizamos any, que significa ningn/a o nada de, aunque normalmente no se traduce.

There isnt any vinegar. (No hay vinagre.) There arent any nuts. (No hay ninguna nuez.)
Interrogativa

Para preguntar ponemos is o are delante de there. En las respuestas breves volvemos al orden normal. Si son negativas, usamos las formas contradas. Al igual que en las negativas, en las oraciones interrogativas empleamos any en lugar de a/an o some.

Is there any milk? Yes, there is. (Hay [algo de] leche? S.) Are there any potatoes in the shop? No, there arent. (Hay patatas / alguna patata en la tienda? No.)

1  Complete the chart with the words below.

Add a, an or some.

Countable Nouns
Singular Plural

Uncountable Nouns

tomato sheep bread rice fish cheese sugar meat pencil ear

a tomato

some tomatoes

2  Complete the sentences with a, an, some or

any.

3 Complete the sentences with There is,

There isnt, There are or There arent.

1.  There are 3.  I want please. 4.  There arent kitchen.

some

chips on the table. sugar? rice with my chicken, men in the sandwich for you in orange?

2. Have you got

1.  There are schoolbag. 2.

some sandwiches in my any cheese for lunch.

3.  a fish in the aquarium. Its blue and yellow. 4.  5.  some sauce on the rice. any women at the caf.

5.  There is the dining room. 6. Do you want

6.  a meatball on my spaghetti. Please give me one.

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GRAMMAR APPENDIX

4 Write questions with Is there or Are there

and the words below.

1. any / olives / on the pizza 3. a / good caf / in your town 4. any / eggs / on the table 5. any / food / in your bedroom 6. any / programmes / about food / on TV 7. an / onion / in your hand

Are there any olives on the pizza?

Check Yourself!
Circle the correct answers.

2. any / orange juice / in the house

1.  Im thirsty. I want some / a milk, please. 2.  There is / There are some sandwiches for lunch. 3.  Is there / Are there any potatoes in the kitchen? 4.  There are three men / man at the restaurant. 5. Tom doesnt want some / any lunch. 6.  There isnt / There arent any rice in the house. 7.  Please dont put a / an egg in my salad. 8. There is / There are a new caf here.
Answers, see page 30

EXTRA!

How much / How many

Utilizamos how much y how many para preguntar sobre cantidades. Utilizamos how many con nombres contables. How many meals are there? (Cuntas comidas hay?) Utilizamos how much con nombres no contables. How much food is there? (Cunta comida hay?) Tambin utilizamos how much para preguntar sobre el precio de las cosas. How much is it? (Cunto cuesta?)

Complete the sentences with How much or How many.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

How many

students are there in your school? chocolate do you eat every day? time have we got for lunch? pens have you got? cola do you drink every day? brothers and sisters has Helen got?

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GRAMMAR APPENDIX

unit 6

Can / Cant, Must / Mustnt

can / cant Can expresa la habilidad (saber), la posibilidad (poder) o el permiso para hacer algo.

He can dance very well. (Sabe bailar muy bien.) We can run today. (Podemos correr hoy.)
En negativa se usa cannot, sin separacin, o la forma contrada cant. I cant drive. (No s conducir.) They cant carry me. (No me pueden llevar.) En interrogativa se invierte el orden y se coloca el sujeto detrs de can. En las respuestas breves se utiliza el pronombre conveniente y can o cant. Can you play tennis? Yes, I can. (Sabes jugar al tenis? S.) Can I do judo? No, you cant. (Puedo hacer yudo? No.)
must / mustnt Must expresa la necesidad, conveniencia u obligacin de hacer algo (significa deber).

You must listen to the teacher. (Debes escuchar a la profesora.)

En cambio, mustnt, que es la contraccin de must y de not, indica que la accin expresada por el otro verbo no es conveniente o est prohibida. We mustnt speak in class. (No debemos hablar en clase. [no est bien]) You mustnt swim in the river. (No debis baaros en el ro. [est prohibido])

1 Circle the correct answers.

1.  A baby can / cant cook food. 2. A fish can / cant swim. 3. A frog can / cant jump. 4. A dog can / cant read. 5. An elephant can / cant ride a bike.

Check Yourself!
Choose the correct answers.

2 Complete the sentences with must or mustnt.

1.  The teacher is talking. You talk. 2. You 3. Students 4.  You 5.  You zoo. 6.  You

1. You listen to your teachers. a. mustnt b. must 2. I do the homework. Its hard! a. cant b. mustnt 3.  Jenny run very fast. She always gets first prize. a. can b. must 4. You use your mobile phone in the lesson. a. cant b. mustnt 5. An elephant sweep the floor. a. mustnt b. cant 6.  The classroom be clean at the end of a lesson. a. must b. mustnt 7.  I speak French, but my German is very good. a. can b. cant 8.  You kick the ball in football. a. must b. mustnt
Answers, see page 30

mustnt

listen to your parents. sit on their desks. stop at a red light. feed the animals at the drink water on a hot day.

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GRAMMAR APPENDIX

Los adverbios de modo

Los adverbios de modo describen la forma en que se realiza la accin. Con ellos se responde a las preguntas que empiezan con How ...? (Cmo...?). La mayora son regulares y se forman aadiendo la terminacin ly al adjetivo correspondiente, aunque algunos no siguen esta regla y hay que saberlos de memoria (good well, fast fast, hard hard). I cant run quickly. (No puedo correr deprisa.)

3 Complete the sentences with the adverb form of the adjectives in brackets.
1.  Dan can win the race. He runs 2. Brian works

quickly

(quick). (happy). (good). (bad).

(hard). He works ten hours every day.

3. Wendy loves tennis. She always plays 4. Petes geography mark is 20%. He didnt do 5. Im not a good dancer. I dance 6. Donna sings (beautiful).

Check Yourself!
Complete the sentences with the adverb form of the adjectives below.
sad happy good hard bad slow beautiful hungry

1. She comes to the lessons 2. Dave reads 4. Mandy always works 5. Shakira sings 6. I want to eat, the boy says 7. Laura isnt happy. She talks 8. I dont play football well. I play it 3. Keith is good on the piano. He plays it

because she loves them. . He only reads one book a year. . . Shes a good student. . I listen to her every day. . . .
Answers, see page 30

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GRAMMAR APPENDIX

unit 7

El verbo to be en pasado
En afirmativa, usa was cuando el sujeto sea I, he, she o it, y were si el sujeto es we, you o they. Fjate en la expresin temporal que suele haber en la oracin (yesterday, last month, the other day, etc.). John was next to the cinema yesterday. (John estaba al lado del cine ayer.) Peter and Carla were a good couple. (Peter y Carla eran una buena pareja.) En negativa aadimos not, que con was y were se contraen en wasnt y werent. He wasnt at the church. (No estaba en la iglesia.) En interrogativa ponemos was y were al principio y en las respuestas breves usamos los pronombres sujeto y was / wasnt o were / werent. Were the students at the museum? Yes, they were. / No, they werent.

(Estuvieron los alumnos en el museo? S. / No.)

1 Complete the sentences with was, wasnt, were or werent. Make the sentences true for you.
1.  I 2. Our teacher 3. My friends 4. My family and I 5. I 6. My friend and I at home last night. late yesterday. at the cinema yesterday. at a football game last Thursday. at the library yesterday. at a party at the weekend.

2  Write the words in the correct order to make questions.

1. the bank / open / was / yesterday 3. angry / the teacher / was / yesterday 4. Lin and Lee / last night / at the party / were 5. Tony / was / at home / last weekend

Was the bank open yesterday?

2. you / were / last week / at school

Check Yourself!
Complete the sentences with the correct past form of the verb to be.

1.  My friends home yesterday. 2.  party? 3.  I yesterday. 4.  morning? 5.  I Tuesday.

(not) at

Chloe happy at the late for school you at home on Saturday (not) at school on

6.  the children with you at the supermarket? 7.  We week. 8.  Sarah last year. at the museum last (not) in my class
Answers, see page 30

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GRAMMAR APPENDIX

There was / There were

There was indica que haba una cosa, sea un nombre contable en singular o uno no contable.

There was a restaurant under the house. (Haba un restaurante debajo de la casa.) There was good meat at the butchers. (Haba buena carne en la carnicera.)
There were indica que haba dos cosas o ms, y por eso se utiliza con nombres contables en plural.

There were hundreds of people in the shops. (Haba cientos de personas en las tiendas.)
En negativa aadimos not, que con was y were se contraen en wasnt y werent. There werent any children at the sports centre. (No haba nios en el polideportivo.) Las preguntas empiezan con was o were, y en las respuestas breves volvemos al orden normal. Si son negativas, usamos las formas contradas. Were there many people at the library? Yes, there were. / No, there werent. (Haba mucha gente en la biblioteca? S. / No.)

3 Complete the sentences with There was, There were, There wasnt or There werent.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

There was

a maths test yesterday and it was hard. any cheese in the sandwich. a snake in the classroom and the students were frightened. any computers 200 years ago. some pencils in my pencil case five minutes ago.

4 Write the words in the correct order to make questions.

1. there / were / teachers / any / in the room 3. were / any / people / there / at the museum 4. there / was / any / in the tea / sugar 5. a / good film / there / was / at the cinema

Were there any teachers in the room?

2. there / at the sports centre / was / a basketball game

Check Yourself!
Complete the sentences with There was, There were, There wasnt, There werent, Was there or Were there.

1.  2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

any books on the desk. any people at the bookshop? a cat in the room but there is one now. some lions and tigers at the zoo. a giraffe near the zebra. Where is it now? any food at the party? some food on the table. any milk in the kitchen?
Answers, see page 30

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GRAMMAR APPENDIX

unit 8

El Past Simple en afirmativa

El Past Simple se usa para expresar acciones ocurridas en un momento concreto del pasado y para contar historias en pasado. I saw a great jacket last week. (Vi una chaqueta estupenda la semana pasada.) Se usan las mismas expresiones temporales que con el verbo to be en pasado, pues indican el momento en que ocurri la accin. Antes de aadirle ed a un verbo regular para ponerlo en pasado, hay que fijarse en estas reglas ortogrficas: Si acaba en e muda, solo aadimos d. arrive arrived Si es monoslabo y acaba en vocal + consonante, dobla esa consonante. stop stopped Si acaba en consonante + y, cambia la y por una i antes de aadirle ed. study studied Los verbos irregulares no aaden ed y por lo tanto tienes que aprendrtelos de memoria. Puedes encontrar la lista en las pginas 31-32.

1 Complete the chart.

 ance play try change carry d walk bounce wait study

-ed

-d

-ied

danced

2  Complete the sentences with the correct

watch like walk talk study 

form of the verbs below. Use the Past Simple.

1.  The teacher yesterday. 2.  We very nice. 3. Judy 4.  Adam last night. 5. I

talked

to my mother

Check Yourself!
Complete the sentences with the Past Simple form of the verbs below.
buy start take wear study see chat visit

the new teacher. She was to school yesterday. TV for five hours hard for the test.

1.  We our grandparents in London last weekend. 2.  Lisa hour ago. 3.  Don last night. out the rubbish an for the history test

3  Complete the sentences with the Past Simple

form of the verbs in brackets.

wrote 1.  Carol (write) an e-mail to her friend yesterday.

2.  I days ago. 3.  We last night. (buy) a new sweater two (go) to the sports centre

4.  I on the phone with my friend after school. 5.  They last week. a new computer

6.  Mandy and Pete a good film on TV yesterday. 7. The film

4.  Mario (draw) a beautiful picture at school yesterday. 5.  The students last week. 6. I
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at 8 oclock.

(have) two tests (see) that film last night.

8.  Mary new trainers at school yesterday.

Answers, see page 30

26

GRAMMAR APPENDIX

Los demostrativos
This este, esta, esto That ese, esa, eso o aquel, aquella, aquello These estos, estas Those esos, esas o aquellos, aquellas

Recuerda que concuerdan con el sustantivo al que se refieren solo en nmero (singular / plural), mientras que en castellano tambin concuerdan en gnero (masculino / femenino). That is his scarf. (Aquella es su bufanda.) These are your trousers. (Estos son vuestros pantalones.) Funcionan como adjetivos cuando van delante de un sustantivo. En este caso, this y that no conservan los significados de esto, eso o aquello.

This car is clean. (Este coche est limpio.) Those men are Chinese. (Esos hombres son chinos.)

4 Complete the sentences with This, That, These or Those.

1 2 3

This  is a great computer game.

4

 Dannys.
5

books are

 school.
6

is a new

parents.

are my

 beautiful.

dogs are

 pen.

is your

Check Yourself!
Circle the correct answers.

1. This / These is my new scarf. 2. Are this / these your shoes? 3. That / Those boy is in my class. 4. That / This is my new hat. Its on my head. 5. These / Those trousers in the shop window are very nice. 6. Is these / this my pencil? 7. Look at that car. Are those / these your sisters in the car? 8. These / This chocolates are fantastic!
Answers, see page 30

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GRAMMAR APPENDIX

unit 9

be going to
En afirmativa se forma con el presente de to be + going to y un verbo en la forma base, y significa ir a + infinitivo. Como expresa nuestros planes e intenciones, suele llevar alguna expresin de futuro que indique cundo haremos la accin (tomorrow, later, soon, etc.). Im going to ride a horse tomorrow. (Voy a montar a caballo maana.) En negativa aadimos not o nt al verbo to be. She isnt going to sail this summer. (Ella no va a navegar este verano.) Las preguntas empiezan con am, is o are, y en las respuestas breves solo repetimos estas formas de to be, sin contraer en afirmativa y contradas en negativa. Are your friends going to go to the beach on Wednesday? Yes, they are. / No, they arent. (Tus amigos van a ir a la playa el mircoles? S. / No.)

1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use be going to.
1. Jack 2. We 3. I 4. My mother 5. Donna and Faye

is going to travel

(travel) to school by train. (not eat) hamburgers for lunch. (study) for the test later. (not work) at the hospital today. (buy) new clothes after school.

2 Write questions with the words below. Use be going to.

1. the boys / play / basketball / tomorrow 3. you / meet / your friends / at the shopping centre / later 4. Jack and Laura / have / dinner / at eight oclock 5. Sue / do / her homework / tonight

Are the boys going to play basketball tomorrow?

2. Ben / start / the project / today

Check Yourself!
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use be going to.

1. My friends 2. Jodi 3. 4. I 5. We 6. 7. Sally 8.

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(make) me a party for my birthday. (not read) that book. the girls (finish) the project tomorrow? (not play) computer games tonight. Carla I (buy) an iPod soon? (drive) to France in the summer. (be) in your class next year?
Answers, see page 30

(meet) Mark at the caf later.

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GRAMMAR APPENDIX

El Present Continuous con valor de fut

uro

Anuncia un evento que ocurrir en el futuro prximo porque as se ha fijado de antemano. Para que esa idea de futuro est clara debemos decir cundo ocurrir la accin. We are flying at three oclock tomorrow. (Volamos / Volaremos maana a las tres.) Recuerda, si es una intencin usa be going to. Si es algo seguro, usa el Present Continuous (tambin en castellano usamos el presente para anunciar lo que haremos con toda seguridad). I am staying at home tonight. (Me quedo / quedar en casa esta noche.) En la Unidad 4 vimos cmo se forman la negativa, la interrogativa y las respuestas breves del Present Continuous. Repsalas all si lo necesitas. My brother is not coming later. (Mi hermano no viene / no vendr despus.) Are you having lunch in an hour? Yes, we are. / No, we arent. (Comis / Comeris dentro de una hora? S. / No.)

3  Complete the sentences with the correct

 o leave play have not meet g not work

form of the verbs below. Use the Present Continuous.

Check Yourself!
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the Present Continuous.

1. The bus

is leaving

at 1 oclock. tennis on to at home

2.  Sue and Pam Monday. 3.  Dave the bakery soon? 4.  My dad tomorrow. 5.  6. I

1.  Lynn America tonight? 2.  My friends centre after school.

(fly) to (go) to the sports

3.  I (not ride) my bicycle to school this morning. 4.  We (not have) a test tomorrow. (take) 5.  you your brother to the shops soon? 6.  Tania 7.  The train 8.  I

Brad and Andy a party after school? Tom this evening.

(not play) tennis later. (come) at 6 oclock. (leave) in five minutes.

Answers, see page 30

EXTRA!

Los pronombres personales objeto

Sustituyen a un sustantivo que ya se ha mencionado antes y, como hacen la funcin de complemento, van detrs del verbo o de una preposicin. Ive got two cats. Do you want to see them? (Tengo dos gatos. Quieres verlos?) This motorbike is for you. (Esta moto es para ti.)
me

me (a m)

it us you

lo, la (una cosa o un animal) nos (a nosotros/as) os (a vosotros/as), los, las, les (a ustedes)

you te (a ti), lo, la, le, se (a usted) him lo, le, se (a l) her

la, le, se (a ella)

them los, las, les, se (a ellos/as)

 Complete the sentences with the correct object pronouns.

1. This is Janes sweater. Please give it to

her

. ? ? . .

2. We are going to a restaurant. Do you want to come with 3. Our new bicycles are red. Do you want to see 4. I have got Gregs pen. I must give it to 5. Thats my sandwich. Mum made it for
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check yourself! answer key

Introduction, page 10, to be Unit 5, page 21, There is / There are; a, an, some, any

1. is 2. isnt

3. Are 4. am

5. are 6. Is

7. arent 8. Am

Introduction, page 11, Las partculas interrogativas

1. 2. 3. 4.

some There are Are there men

5. 6. 7. 8.

any There isnt an There is

1. What 2. When

3. Where 4. Who

5. Why 6. What

7. Where 8. When

Unit 6, page 22, Can / Cant, Must / Mustnt

Unit 1, page 12, have got

1. b 2. a

3. a 4. b

5. b 6. a

7. b 8. a

1. 2. 3. 4.

have got havent got Have got hasnt got

5. 6. 7. 8.

Has got has got hasnt got Has got

Unit 6, page 23, Los adverbios de modo 1. 2. 3. 4. happily slowly well hard 5. 6. 7. 8. beautifully hungrily sadly badly

Unit 1, page 13, Los adjetivos posesivos

1. Your 2. My

3. Their 4. Her

5. His 6. Its

7. Our 8. Your

Unit 7, page 24, El verbo to be en pasado

Unit 2, page 15, El Present Simple en afirmativa y los adverbios de frecuencia

1. werent 3. was 2. Was 4. Were

5. wasnt 6. Were

7. were 8. wasnt

1. starts 2. walk

3. go 4. cleans

5. writes 6. does

7. watch 8. studies

Unit 7, page 25, There was / There were

Unit 2, page 15, El genitivo sajn

1. 2. 3. 4.

students work brothers notebook boys names Alices house

5. 6. 7. 8.

girls dog parents birthdays teachers sister friends schoolbags

1. 2. 3. 4.

There werent Were there There wasnt There were

5. 6. 7. 8.

There was Was there There was Was there

Unit 8, page 26, El Past Simple en afirmativa

Unit 3, page 17, El Present Simple en negativa e interrogativa

1. 2. 3. 4.

visited took studied chatted

5. 6. 7. 8.

bought saw started wore

1. meet 3. doesnt like 2. Do 4. dont go

5. Does 6. helps

7. sleeps 8. dont have

Unit 8, page 27, Los demostrativos

Unit 4, page 18, El Present Continuous

1. This 2. these

3. That 4. This

5. Those 6. this

7. those 8. These

1. 2. 3. 4.

Are going isnt playing are having am listening

5. 6. 7. 8.

Is getting am not studying Am talking arent eating

Unit 9, page 28, be going to

Unit 4, page 19, Contraste Present Continuous /

1. 2. 3. 4.

are going to make isnt going to read Are going to finish am going to meet

5. 6. 7. 8.

arent going to play Is going to buy is going to drive Am going to be

Present Simple
1. a 2. b 3. b 4. a 5. b 6. a 7. a 8. b

Unit 9, page 29, El Present Continuous con valor de futuro

1. 2. 3. 4.

Is flying are going am not riding arent having

5. 6. 7. 8.

Are taking isnt playing is coming am leaving

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IRREGULAR VERB LIST

BASE FORM (V1) be /VA/ beat /VAW/ become /VB'YJl/ begin /VB'ZBm/ bend /VCmX/ bet /VCW/ bite /VOW/ bleed /VoAX/ blow /VoLH/ break /VpMY/ bring /VpBn/ build /VBoX/ burn /VKm/ buy /VO/ catch /Ya/ choose /aIh/ come /YJl/ cost /YFgW/ cut /YJW/ dig /XBZ/ do /XI/ draw /XpG/ dream /XpAl/ drink /XpBnY/ drive /XpOd/ eat /AW/ fall /cGo/ feed /cAX/ feel /cAo/ fight /cOW/ find /cOmX/ fly /coO/ forget /cL'ZCW/ forgive /cL'ZBd/ freeze /cpAh/ get /ZCW/ give /ZBd/ go /ZN/ grow /ZpN/ hang /kn/ have /kd/ hear /kBL/ hide /kOX/ hit /kBW/ hold /kNoX/ hurt /kKW/ keep /YAU/ know /mN/ lay /oCB/ lead /oAX/ PAST SIMPLE (V2) was/were /rFh/rK/ beat /VAW/ became /VB'YMl/ began /VB'Zm/ bent /VCmW/ bet /VCW/ bit /VBW/ bled /VoCX/ blew /VoI/ broke /VpLHY/ brought /VpGW/ built /VBoW/ burnt/burned /VKmW/VKmX/ bought /VGW/ caught /YGW/ chose /aLHh/ came /YMl/ cost /YFgW/ cut /YJW/ dug /XJZ/ did /XBX/ drew /XpI/ dreamt/dreamed /XpClW/XpAlX/ drank /XpnY/ drove /XpLHd/ ate /CBW/ fell /cCo/ fed /cCX/ felt /cCoW/ fought /cGW/ found /cPmX/ flew /coI/ forgot /cL'ZFW/ forgave /cL'ZMd/ froze /cpLHh/ got /ZFW/ gave /ZMd/ went /rCmW/ grew /ZpI/ hanged/hung /knX/kJn/ had /kX/ heard /kKX/ hid /kBX/ hit /kBW/ held /kCoX/ hurt /kKW/ kept /YCUW/ knew /mqI/ laid /oCBX/ led /oCX/ PAST PARTICIPLE (V3) CASTELLANO

been /VAm/ ser, estar beaten /'VAWm/ golpear become /VB'YJl/ llegar a ser begun /VB'ZJm/ empezar bent /VCmW/ doblar(se) bet /VCW/ apostar bitten /'VBWm/ morder bled /VoCX/ sangrar blown /VoLHm/ soplar broken /'VpLHYLm/ romper brought /VpGW/ traer built /VBoW/ construir burnt/burned /VKmW/VKmX/ quemar bought /VGW/ comprar caught /YGW/ coger, agarrar chosen /'aLHhm/ elegir come /YJl/ venir cost /YFgW/ costar cut /YJW/ cortar dug /XJZ/ cavar done /XJm/ hacer drawn /XpGm/ dibujar dreamt/dreamed /XpClW/XpAlX/ soar drunk /XpJnY/ beber driven /'XpBdm/ conducir eaten /AWm/ comer fallen /'cGoLm/ caer(se) fed /cCX/ alimentar felt /cCoW/ sentir(se) fought /cGW/ luchar found /cPmX/ encontrar flown /coLHm/ volar forgotten /cL'ZFWm/ olvidar forgiven /cL'ZBdm/ perdonar frozen /'cpLHhm/ congelar(se) got /ZFW/  conseguir; llegar given /ZBdm/ dar gone /ZFm/ ir grown /ZpNm/ crecer; cultivar hanged/hung /knX/kJn/ colgar had /kLX/ tener; haber heard /kKX/ or hidden /'kBXm/ esconder(se) hit /kBW/ golpear, pegar held /kCoX/ sujetar hurt /kKW/  herir, hacer dao kept /YCUW/ guardar, mantener known /mNm/ saber, conocer laid /oCBX/ poner, extender led /oCX/ guiar, conducir

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IRREGULAR VERB LIST

BASE FORM (V1) learn /oKm/ leave /oAd/ lend /oCmX/ let /oCW/ lie /oO/ lie /oO/ (regular verb) light /oOW/ lose /oIh/ make /lCBY/ mean /lAm/ meet /lAW/ pay /UM/ put /UHW/ read /pAX/ ride /pOX/ ring /pBn/ rise /pOh/ run /pJm/ say /gM/ see /gA/ sell /gCo/ send /gCmX/ set /gCW/ shake /iMY/ shine /iOm/ shoot /iIW/ show /iLH/ shut /iJW/ sing /gBn/ sink /gBnY/ sit /gBW/ sleep /goAU/ smell /glCo/ speak /gUAY/ spell /gUCo/ spend /gUCmX/ stand /gWmX/ steal /gWAo/ stick /gWBY/ sweep /grAU/ swim /grBl/ take /WMY/ teach /WAa/ tear /WCL/ tell /WCo/ think /eBnY/ throw /epN/ understand /JmXC'gWmX/ wake up /rMY 'JU/ wear /rCL/ win /rBm/ write /pOW/

PAST SIMPLE (V2) learnt/learned /oKmW/oKmX/ left /oCcW/ lent /oCmW/ let /oCW/ lay /oCB/ lied /oOX/ lit /oBW/ lost /oFgW/ made /lCBX/ meant /lCmW/ met /lCW/ paid /UMX/ put /UHW/ read /pCX/ rode /pLHX/ rang /pn/ rose /pLHh/ ran /pm/ said /gCX/ saw /gG/ sold /gLHoX/ sent /gCmW/ set /gCW/ shook /iHY/ shone /iFm/ shot /iFW/ showed /iLHX/ shut /iJW/ sang /gn/ sank /gnY/ sat /gW/ slept /goCUW/ smelt/smelled /glCoW/glCoX/ spoke /gULHY/ spelt/spelled /gUCoW/gUCoX/ spent /gUCmW/ stood /gWHX/ stole /gWLHo/ stuck /gWJY/ swept /grCUW/ swam /grl/ took /WHY/ taught /WGW/ tore /WG/ told /WLHoX/ thought /eGW/ threw /epI/ understood /JmXC'gWHX/ woke up /rLHY 'JU/ wore /rG/ won /rJm/ wrote /pLHW/

PAST PARTICIPLE (V3) learnt/learned /oKmW/oKmX/ left /oCcW/ lent /oCmW/ let /oCW/ lain /oCBm/ lied /oOX/ lit /oBW/ lost /oFgW/ made /lCBX/ meant /lCmW/ met /lCW/ paid /UMX/ put /UHW/ read /pCX/ ridden /'pBXm/ rung /pJn/ risen /'pBhm/ run /pJm/ said /gCX/ seen /gAm/ sold /gLHoX/ sent /gCmW/ set /gCW/ shaken /'iMYLm/ shone /iFm/ shot /iFW/ shown /iLHm/ shut /iJW/ sung /gJn/ sunk /gJnY/ sat /gW/ slept /goCUW/ smelt/smelled /glCoW/glCoX/ spoken /gULHYLm/ spelt/spelled /gUCoW/gUCoX/ spent /gUCmW/ stood /gWHX/ stolen /'gWLHoLm/ stuck /gWJY/ swept /grCUW/ swum /grJl/ taken /'WMYLm/ taught /WGW/ torn /WGm/ told /WLHoX/ thought /eGW/ thrown /epNm/ understood /JmXC'gWHX/ woken up /rLHYLm 'JU/ worn /rGm/ won /rJm/ written /'pBWm/

CASTELLANO aprender dejar; irse, salir prestar permitir, dejar tumbarse, echarse mentir encender perder hacer, fabricar significar, querer decir conocer a; reunirse con pagar poner leer montar llamar (por telfono) elevarse, alzarse correr decir ver vender enviar colocar agitar brillar disparar mostrar cerrar cantar hundirse sentarse dormir(se) oler hablar deletrear gastar; pasar (tiempo) estar de pie robar pegar barrer nadar coger, llevar ensear romper, desgarrar decir, contar pensar arrojar, tirar comprender, entender despertar(se) llevar puesto, ponerse ganar escribir

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WRITING GUIDE las MAYSCULAS

(Capital letters)

Se escriben con mayscula:  los nombres: Tom Ashton  los nombres de lugares como ciudades, pases, continentes, edificios famosos, museos, etc.: London, France, Europe, Madame Tussauds, the British Museum las nacionalidades: English, Moroccan los das: Saturday, Tuesday, Thursday los meses: July, August, November la primera palabra de una oracin: We are at school.  el pronombre personal I: I am Russian.  los idiomas: English, French, German

las preposiciones de tiempo

(Prepositions of time)

Se usan distintas preposiciones delante de las horas y los periodos de fiesta, los das y las fechas, los meses, los aos y las partes del da. Es muy importante que sepas utilizar la correcta preposicin en cada caso. Presta atencin a estos ejemplos: at horas: at four o'clock festividades: at New Year on das de la semana: on Tuesday fechas: on 26th November on Christmas Day in meses: in January aos: in 2015 partes del da: in the morning Excepciones: at the weekend at night

la puntuacin
(Punctuation)

 El punto (.) va al final de las oraciones afirmativas y negativas. Whales live in the ocean. Giraffes dont eat animals.  El signo de interrogacin (?) se pone solo al final de las preguntas. Have you got a hamster? Do you like snakes?  El de exclamacin (!) tambin se pone solo al final de la frase y sirve para expresar una emocin o un sentimiento y para hacer hincapi en algo. Wow! This is great!  La coma (,) se usa para separar palabras o ideas. Normalmente no se pone delante de and. Ive got a dog, a cat and a snake.

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writing guide

el orden de las palabras: sujeto verBo

(Word order: Subject Verb)

El sujeto de la oracin se pone delante del verbo. Mark speaks English. They are in the garden. s v s v Pero en las preguntas, el verbo va delante del sujeto. Is Helen tall? Are you at home? v s v s

el orden de las palabras: Los adjetivos

(Word order: Adjectives)

Normalmente van delante de los sustantivos. big sandwich great food adj n adj n Y tambin detrs del verbo to be. The sandwich is big. The food is great. n adj n adj

las conjunciones
(Linking words)

Son palabras que unen dos o ms ideas.  and (y) une dos oraciones o ideas parecidas. I can swim and I can dance.  but (pero) une dos ideas contradictorias entre s. I like basketball but I cant play it.  because (porque) da la razn o causa de algo. I must run because Im late.

los conectores de secuencia

(Connectors of sequence)

Cuando contamos una serie de hechos usamos estas palabras para mostrar el orden en que ocurrieron: first (primero, en primer lugar) then (luego, entonces) next (a continuacin) after that (despus) finally (finalmente, para terminar) First indica lo primero que pas y finally lo ltimo.  Yesterday I was in town. First, I went shopping. Then, I had lunch with my friends. After that, I went to a museum. Finally, I went home.

Build Up 1 Spanish

B Burlington Books

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