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BPO that is contracted outside a company's country is called offshore outsourcing. BPO that is contracted to a company's neighboring (or nearby) country is called nearshore outsourcing. Often the business processes are information technology-based, and are referred to as ITES-BPO, where ITES stands for Information Technology Enabled Service.[] Knowledge process outsourcing (KPO) and legal process outsourcing (LPO) are some of the sub-segments of business process outsourcing industry. In 2010, the Philippines has surpassed India as the largest business process outsourcing industry in the world.[2][3] After growing 20 per cent in 2012, the Philippine's BPO industry is estimated to gross revenue of upwards to $25 billion by 2016. By these estimates, the Philippine's BPO industry will account for approximately 10 per cent of the nation's GDP.[]
Business process outsourcing Finally, flexibility is seen as a stage in the organizational life cycle: A company can maintain growth goals while avoiding standard business bottlenecks.[13] BPO therefore allows firms to retain their entrepreneurial speed and agility, which they would otherwise sacrifice in order to become efficient as they expanded. It avoids a premature internal transition from its informal entrepreneurial phase to a more bureaucratic mode of operation.[14] A company may be able to grow at a faster pace as it will be less constrained by large capital expenditures for people or equipment that may take years to amortize, may become outdated or turn out to be a poor match for the company over time. Although the above-mentioned arguments favor the view that BPO increases the flexibility of organizations, management needs to be careful with the implementation of it as there are issues, which work against these advantages. Among problems, which arise in practice are: A failure to meet service levels, unclear contractual issues, changing requirements and unforeseen charges, and a dependence on the BPO which reduces flexibility. Consequently, these challenges need to be considered before a company decides to engage in business process outsourcing[15] A further issue is that in many cases there is little that differentiates the BPO providers other than size. They often provide similar services, have similar geographic footprints, leverage similar technology stacks, and have similar Quality Improvement approaches.[16]
Threats
Risk is the major drawback with Business Process Outsourcing. Outsourcing of an Information System, for example, can cause security risks both from a communication and from a privacy perspective. For example, security of North American or European company data is more difficult to maintain when accessed or controlled in the Sub-Continent. From a knowledge perspective, a changing attitude in employees, underestimation of running costs and the major risk of losing independence, outsourcing leads to a different relationship between an organization and its contractor.[17][18] Risks and threats of outsourcing must therefore be managed, to achieve any benefits. In order to manage outsourcing in a structured way, maximizing positive outcome, minimizing risks and avoiding any threats, a Business continuity management (BCM) model is set up. BCM consists of a set of steps, to successfully identify, manage and control the business processes that are, or can be outsourced.[19] Another framework, more focused on the identification process of potential outsourceable Information Systems, identified as AHP, is explained.[20] L. Willcocks, M. Lacity and G. Fitzgerald identify several contracting problems companies face, ranging from unclear contract formatting, to a lack of understanding of technical IT- processes.[21] BPO is a sector which is processed business from outsources.
Industry size
India has revenues of US$10.9 billion[22] from offshore BPO and US$30 billion from IT and total BPO (expected in FY 2008). India thus has some 5-6% share of the total BPO Industry, but a commanding 63% share of the offshore component. This 63% is a drop from the 70% offshore share that India enjoyed last year: despite the industry growing 38% in India last year, other locations like Philippines, and South Africa have emerged to take a share of the market[citation needed]. The South African call center industry has grown by approximately 8% per year since 2003 and it directly employs about 54 000 people, contributing 0.92% to South Africa's gross domestic product(GDP).[23] China is also trying to grow from a very small base in this industry. However, while the BPO industry is expected to continue to grow in India, its market share of the offshore piece is expected to decline. Important centers in India are Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai, Kolkata, Mumbai, Pune, Patna, Trivandrum, Bhubaneswar and New Delhi. In fact, the Philippines has overtaken India as the largest call center industry in the world in 2010.[2]
Business process outsourcing The Association of Southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN) countries, along with the People's Republic of China and Indiaknown collectively as ACI countriesare likely to see services like BPO figure strongly in their economies over the medium term. Services trade among ACI countries has been growing at a very rapid rate over recent years, despite starting from a relatively low baseline. Although data are scarce and must be interpreted with caution, an analysis of applied services sector policies in the region suggests there is much policymakers can do to intensify this process, and increase the pace at which the transformation to a service economy is taking place.[24]
References
[1] Tas, J. & Sunder, S. 2004, Financial Services Business Process Outscourcing, Communications of the ACM, Vol 47, No. 5 [2] Balana, Cynthia D. and Lawrence de Guzman. (December 5, 2010). It's official: Philippines bests India as No. 1 in BPO (http:/ / www. inquirer. net/ specialfeatures/ thegoodnews/ view. php?db=1& article=20101204-306912). The Philippine Daily Inquirer. [3] http:/ / www. gmanetwork. com/ news/ story/ 63053/ economy/ companies/ philippines-still-top-bpo-destination-consulting-firm [4] Sagoo, Anoop. "How IT is reinvigorating business process outsourcing." CIO. 06 Sep 2012: n. page. Web. 25 Mar. 2013. <http://www.cio.co.uk/article/3378334/how-it-is-reinvigorating-business-process-outsourcing/>. [5] BPM Watch. "In-Sourcing Remotely: A Closer Look at an Emerging Outsourcing Trend" http:/ / www. bpmwatch. com/ columns/ in-sourcing-a-closer-look-at-an-emerging-outsourcing-trend/ [6] Anjum, Zafar. "Boundaries between IT outsourcing and BPO are becoming blurred: Ovum." CIO Asia. 17 Oct 2012: n. page. Web. 25 Mar. 2013. <http://www.cio-asia.com/mgmt/outsourcing/boundaries-between-it-outsourcing-and-bpo-are-becoming-blurred-ovum/>. [7] Willcocks, L., Hindle, J., Feeny, D. & Lacity, M. 2004, IT and Business Process Outsourcing: The Knowledge Potential, Information Systems Management, Vol. 21, pp 715 [8] Gilley, K.M., Rasheed, A. 2000. Making More by Doing Less: An Analysis of Outsourcing and its Effects on Firm Performance. Journal of Management, 26 (4): 763-790. [9] Kakabadse, A., Kakabadse. N. 2002. Trends in Outsourcing: Contrasting USA and Europe. European Management Journal Vol. 20, No. 2: 189198 [10] Weerakkody, Vishanth, Currie, L. Wendy and Ekanayake, Yamaya. 2003. Re-engineering business processes through application service providers - challenges, issues and complexities. Business Process Management Journal Vol. 9 No. 6: 776-794 [11] Leavy, B. 2004. Outsourcing strategies: opportunities and risk. Strategy and Leadership, 32 (6) : 20-25. [12] Tas, Jeroen, Sunder, Shyam. 2004. Financial Services Business Process Outsourcing. COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM Vol. 47, No. 5 [13] Fischer, L.M. 2001. From vertical to Virtual; How Nortels Supplier Alliances Extend the enterprise [online]. Strategy+Business, Available from http:/ / www. strategy-business. com/ press/ 16635507/ 11153 [Accessed 5 February 2008] [14] (Leavy 2004, 20-25) [15] Michel, Vaughan, Fitzgerald, Guy. 1997. The IT outsourcing market place: vendors and their selection. Journal of Information Technology 12: 223-237 [16] Adsit, D. (2009) Will a Toyota Emerge from the Pack of Me-Too BPO's?, In Queue http:/ / www. nationalcallcenters. org/ pubs/ In_Queue/ vol3no21. html [17] Bunmi Cynthia Adeleye, Fenio Annansingh and Miguel Baptista Nunes. "Risk management practices in IS outsourcing: an investigation into commercial banks in Nigeria", International Journal of Information Management 24 (2004): 167-180. [18] K. Altinkemer, A. Chaturvedi and R. Gulati. "Information systems outsourcing: Issues and evidence", International Journal of Information Management 14- 4 (1994): 252- 268. [19] Forbes Gibb, and Steven Buchanan. "A framework for business continuity management", International Journal of Information Management 26- 2 (2006): 128- 141. [20] Chyan Yang and Jen-Bor Huang. "A decision model for IS outsourcing", International Journal of Information Management 20- 3 (2000): 225- 239. [21] L. Willcocks, M. Lacity and G. Fitzgerald. "Information technology outsourcing in Europe and the USA: Assessment issues", International Journal of Information Management 15- 5 (1995): 333- 351. [22] Cover Story (http:/ / www. nasscom. in/ Nasscom/ templates/ NormalPage. aspx?id=53402) [23] southafrica.info (2009) Outsourcing to South Africa, In Queue http:/ / www. southafrica. info/ business/ investing/ opportunities/ bpo-overview. html [24] Services as a New Engine for Growth for ASEAN, the People's Republic of China and India (http:/ / www. adbi. org/ working-paper/ 2012/ 03/ 06/ 5017. services. new. engine. growth. asean. prc. india/ )
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