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Example:
A 500 kg cow producing 400 kg MS per year will need to consume 5.0 tonnes of dry matter of 11 MJ ME per kg DM. At 20% wastage of feed, feed allowance will be 6.3 tonnes of dry matter.
Extra Requirements above Maintenance for Body Condition Score (BCS) Gain
1 BCS equals Kg DM required Kg DM/day over 6 wks Jersey 25 kg LWT 130 3 Crossbred 35 kg LWT 190 4.5 Friesian 40 kg LWT 210 5
Assumes 1 BCS gain over 6 weeks. Add an extra 1-2 kg DM if feeding low energy feed (less than 11 MJME).
For walking assume 1 MJ ME/km on flat to 5 MJ ME/km on hills. For grazing assume 5-7 MJ ME per cow per day.
Example: Daily requirements of a 450 kg crossbred cow, 12 weeks before calving. Maintenance 59 Walking on hills (3 km x 5MJ/km) 15 Grazing 6 Milksolids (0.8 kg MS x 67 MJ) 54 Pregnancy 7 LWT gain (0.5 kg LWT x 50 MJ) 25 Total MJ ME 166 MJ Total kg DM. (Divide by 11 MJ) 15 kg DM
Feed Quality Varies considerably. Get a sample analysed for accurate assessment.
%DM Pasture - autumn - winter - spring (short) - spring (rank) - summer dry Annual ryegrass (leafy) Kikuyu leaf stem Silages, Hay & Straw Grass silage Baleage Maize silage Lucerne silage Wheat/ Barley silage Hay Barley straw Roots/Crops Turnips Swedes Choumoellier Concentrates Barley Maize grain Meal By-products Molasses Brewers grains Proliq (Mother liquor) 16 15 15 18 25 15 20-30 40-60 25-30 30-40 33 30-40 35-40 85 87 9 11 14 89 89 87-92 75 24 42 MJ ME/ kg DM 11.8 11.5 12.0 10.5 9 12 9-11 7-9 9.0-11.0 9.0-11.0 10.5 10.5 9-11 8 6.5 12.5 13 11.8 13 13.6 11-13 11 10 13 %CP 25 24 22 20 14 24 16-20 6-10 15 16 8 17-21 8-12 10 4 12 8-24* 16 11 8 15-25 5 23 24
Feed Quantities Estimates only. Weigh feed and test for % DM and ME for accurate assessment.
Kg DM pasture equivalent Silage - grass stack1 - baleage - maize stack2 - maize bunker3 Hay - small bales - round bales Meal 150 200 per m3 130 180 per 500 kg bale 170 250 per m3 200 250 per m3 15 per 25 kg bale 180 per 300 kg bale 930 per tonne meal Kg DM in a Wagon
85 125 per m3
Assumes: 1. 500 800 kg wet weight per cubic metre grass silage. 2. 500 760 kg wet weight per cubic metre maize silage in stack. 3. 600 760 kg wet weight per cubic metre maize silage in bunker.
Example: 1 Tonne of grass silage costs $50/tonne and is 35% DM and 10 MJ ME/kg DM Dry Matter Cost/kg DM Cost/MJ ME = 1000 kg x 35% DM = = $50/tonne 350 kg DM/tonne 14c/kg DM 10 MJ ME/kg DM = 350 kg DM = 14 c/kg DM = 1.4 c/MJ ME
Nitrogen Responses
Pasture Growth without Nitrogen (kg DM/ha/day) Slow 10 Medium Fast Rapid 20 40 50 70 80 Response (kg DM/kg N) 5:1 10 : 1 10 : 1 15 : 1 25 : 1 Time For Full Response 6 8 weeks 10 14 weeks 6 8 weeks 5 6 weeks 3 4 weeks
Nitrogen Fertiliser
Rate (kg/ha) of fertiliser needed to apply: Urea DAP SOA %N 46% 18% 21% 25 kg N/ha 55 140 120 40 kg N/ha 87 220 190
Calculate N applied = Fertiliser Rate x N% Target nutrients/ha Rate of fertiliser = % Nutrient content of Fertiliser E.g. 30 kg N/ha from 21% SOA Rate of fertiliser = = 30 kg N/ha 21% N 143 kg SOA/ha
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