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The following are the main protection schemes adopted for our generator.
1. Generator Differential Protection 2. Generator & Transformer Differential Protection 3. Loss of Field or Loss of Excitation Protection 4. Negative Sequence or Current Unbalance Protection 5. Over Fluxing or Over Excitation Protection 6. Over Current Protection 7. Stator Earth Fault Protection 8. Rotor Earth Fault Protection (64R) 9. Restricted Earth Fault Protection 10. Backup Impedance Protection 11. Low Forward Power Protection 12. Reverse Power Protection 13. Pole Slip Protection 14. Pole Discrepancy Protection 15. Local Breaker Back Protection 16. Bus Bar Protection 17. Over Frequency Protection 18. Under Frequency Protection 19. Over Voltage Protection
b. Tripping of Field breaker c. Stop command to Turbine thro Mark-IV Status : a. Unit is at coasting down.
When the machine delivering the equal currents in three phases, no unbalance or negative phase sequence current is produced as the vector sum of these currents is zero, when the generator is supplying an unbalanced load to a system, a negative phase sequence current is imposed on the generator. The system unbalance may be due to opening of lines, breaker failures or system faults. The negative sequence current in the stator winding creates a magnetic flux wave in the air gap which rotates in opposite direction to that of rotor synchronous speed. This flux induces currents in the rotor body, wedges, retaining rings at twice the line frequency. Heating occurs in these areas and the resulting temperatures depend upon the level and duration of the unbalanced currents. Under these conditions it is possible to reach temperatures at which the rotor material no longer contain the centrifugal forces imposed on them resulting in serious damage to the turbine-generator set. Any machine as per design data will permit some level of negative sequence currents for continuous period. An alarm will annunciate at annunciation panel if negative sequence currents exceeds a normal level. Reduce the MVAR power on the machine if necessary load also and keep the machine for some time till the alarm vanishes at annunciation panel. If the machine trips on the Negative sequence protection never take the machine into service until the temperatures on the rotor parts settle down to its lower value. Resynchronize the machine to the grid after considerable time under grid & feeder parameters are within limits. If the unit trips again on the same protection, stop the machine after consideration time so as to cool down the rotor parts and inform to the maintenance staff for thorough examination of the system. Relays acted : a. Flag operation at Protection panel. b. Acting of Master relay c. Indication at Annunciation Panel. Consequences : a. Tripping of 220KV breaker b. Tripping of Field breaker Status : a. Unit is at FSNL.
over excitation during Off-line condition, and load rejection or AVR mal-functioning during On-line condition. If alarm annunciation panel, Increase/Reduce the speed of the turbine to rated generator speed (3000RPM) and reduce the generator voltage to rated during Offline condition. Reduce the MVAR power on the generator during On-line condition. If the machine trips on over fluxing protection during On-line, Keep the machine at FSNL till the grid parameters stabilize and resins. Again the machine trips on the same stop the machine for examination of the AVR & Governor systems by maintenance staff. Relays acted : a. Flag operation at Protection panel. b. Acting of Master relay c. Indication at Annunciation Panel. Consequences : a. Tripping of 220KV breaker b. Tripping of Field breaker c. Stop command to Turbine thro Mark-IV Status : a. Unit is at coasting down.
Consequences : a. Tripping of 220KV breaker b. Tripping of Field breaker c. Stop command to Turbine thro Mark-IV Status : a. Unit is at coasting down.
Consequences : a. Tripping of 220KV breaker b. Tripping of Field breaker c. Stop command to Turbine thro Mark-IV Status : a. Unit is at coasting down.
c. Stop command to Turbine thro Mark-IV Status : a. Unit is at coasting down. The unit trips on the reverse power protection. Resins the machine and increase the input power to the turbine as quickly as possible within low forward power time setting. Even after two to three attempts, the machine is tripping on the same protection; probably the governor of turbine is faulty. Inform to maintenance staff for rectification of the same.
Relays acted : a. Flag operation at 220KV Breaker panel. b. Indication at Annunciation Panel. Consequences : a. tripping of 220KV breaker Status : a. Unit is at FSNL with potential. The generator breaker trips on the pole discrepancy protection, Resynch the generator. Even after two to three attempts, the machine is tripping on the same protection, probably the generator breaker is faulty. Inform to maintenance staff for rectification of the same.
abnormal over frequency on the machine may be due to improper speed control adjustment or disoperation of the speed controller or severe grid disturbance or sudden load through off. Relays acted : a. Flag operation at Protection panel. b. Acting of Master relay c. Indication at Annunciation Panel. Consequences : a. Tripping of 220KV breaker b. Tripping of Field breaker c. Stop command to Turbine thro Mark-IV Status : a. Unit is at coasting down. The unit trips on the over frequency protection, Resins the machine. Even after two to three attempts, the machine is tripping on the same protection; probably the governor of turbine is faulty. Inform to maintenance staff for rectification of the same.
or a system disturbance. Severe over voltage can cause over fluxing and winding insulation failure. The over voltage protection can be considered as a backup to the Volts-per-Hertz protection. Relays acted : a. Flag operation at Protection panel. b. Acting of Master relay c. Indication at Annunciation Panel. Consequences : a. Tripping of 220KV breaker b. Tripping of Field breaker Status : a. Unit is at FSNL without potential. Raise the generator voltage slowly with manual mode in AVR and keep generator voltage within the limits of normal voltage. If it is unable to control the generator voltage, trip the field breaker and inform to the maintenance staff for rectification of the AVR.