Project Portfolio Process A robust portfolio selection process is a valuable component of that solution.

Making critical changes to portfolio selection ensures that all projects target results consistent with the organizations strategic direction. In his new book, Moore provides 10 steps for creating a successful strategic project portfolio management process: Know what you have. Before you start your process, understand the resources and skills that exist across your organization. Even if there are high-profile examples of project failures within your organization, it is likely that there are some best practices within particular groups and divisions that should be retained or even expanded and showcased. Identifying your successes drives the process of improving portfolio management processes because it prevents you from having to implement wholesale change with no existing processes to leverage, says Moore. Another great strategy is performing an effective portfolio management skills audit. Knowing what you have can make improvements to the portfolio management process more targeted and impactful, while at the same time helping to demonstrate the key areas of need for portfolio management improvement to your stakeholders. Taking the time to understand your existing competencies and processes across groups and divisions is always a valuable first step in a portfolio management process. Build momentum. The more you can do to demonstrate that portfolio management is an exciting and powerful process not just for executives, but for all stakeholders across the organization the more effective the system will be. Momentum can be built in different ways, says Moore. But the most effective strategy is to demonstrate early successes and then establish broader roll-out of those strategies. This approach helps you avoid attempting too much at once. It also lessens the burden on the initial team championing the portfolio process. Remember, as groups adopt the process, the initial team should become advocates for it and provide demonstrable evidence of successes. Define business goals. Without business goals, project prioritization is arbitrary and potentially misdirected. Thats why defining appropriate business goals is the critical first step. Without goals, you run the risk of creating projects where the stakeholders ability to influence is more important than the proposal itself, says Moore. Such a process is unlikely to be one that inspires others to get involved and support it. Defining these goals at a high level is crucial. Bottom line: Without clear and broadly shared and supported business goals, it becomes impossible to create a portfolio that will have the required strategic impact.

Capture ideas. The more ideas you capture, the stronger your portfolio will become. Increased choices improve your options for finding opportunity and managing risk across the portfolio. Remember, proposals should be captured broadly from across the entire organization. If all ideas come from the same source be it a particular division, role, or geographic area then the creativity across that set of ideas is likely to be lower. Creative ideas are also essential when it comes to beating the competition, says Moore. For example, Netflix has grown dramatically through its creative business model of shipping movies through the mail, based on an online movie queue set up by customers. The model also changes the pricing structure for movie rentals, as customers pay a monthly fee rather than for each individual rental. In addition to its mail service, Netflix now also uses an online distribution model. This continual innovation has enabled the company to continue to acquire customers from entrenched competitors. Be transparent. Opaque processes are seldom magnets for ideas and voluntary engagement and cooperation. Therefore, transparency has many benefits. A transparent process is more likely to be improved because the set of people who can observe and refine it is larger. And as a result, it is more likely to enjoy greater support and buy-in. Transparency can also help magnify the benefit of the insight that the portfolio system creates, says Moore. Thats because while the cost of creating information is generally fixed, the benefit multiplies as the number of people it is shared with increases. Transparency can also help organizations overcome the duplication of effort that is often driven by lack of awareness. Prioritize. Make the prioritization process robust and clear. If everyone is aware of which projects are happening, then it is less likely that two projects are inadvertently doing the same thing. Making the process clear and accessible also makes it easier for participants to suggest improvement and understand how the system works so that there are higher quality proposals, and there is a greater degree of understanding of the overall goals of the process. Remember, the prioritization must be linked to the strategic goals of the business and must ensure that projects are selected as a set, not the best set of projects in isolation, says Moore. Considering projects as a set will create a more efficient portfolio from a risk management and cost management standpoint. Use efficient decision making. While collecting up-to-date and accurate data is a challenge, building an effective reporting system is relatively easy. In short, reports should answer specific questions and be tied to specific processes. It is important to consider the following key report types: 2

*Single-page project report. Each project summary should be contained on a single page or screen, with top-level details and the contact information for the project manager and project owner provided should questions arise. The data should also be time-shaped. *Budgetary information. This provides aggregate roll-up on budgetary status across projects with the ability to drill down into individual projects. *Project dashboard. One-line summaries of the projects currently in execution, filterable by important grouping such as division or project sponsor. *Resource allocation view. This is a view of current resource availability and utilization for the coming 12 months. *Strategic alignment. This provides a view of the strategic goals of the business and how the current projects contribute to them. *Flexible pivot table capabilities. Using a drag-and-drop pivot table-style analysis on the inventory of projects or proposals can help executives and others find the information that they need to answer particular questions and also lead to creative analysis to produce new report types to further support decision making. Establish communication frameworks. Providing effective tools for communication can dramatically improve project performance. This is because communication is the critical ingredient to project success. An easy-to-use set of communication and collaboration tools is critical. Tools can and should include the latest e-mail technologies, customizable portals, wikis, instant messaging, and so on. There is no such thing as too much communication, says Moore. When communication lines are open and used often, information is less likely to be poorly communicated, duplication of effort is avoided, and alignment can produce efficiencies. Bottom line: Speedy and effective communication can accelerate an entire project. Conduct postmortems. The interesting trait about project management is not that projects go over budget, but that the problem is constantly repeated. Project portfolio processes should be made more efficient over time. Use postmortems to uncover opportunities for improvement. Postmortems are also critical for ensuring that budget and time estimates are reliable, says Moore. If there is no post-project feedback, then there is little incentive for estimates to be as accurate as they can be, since there is no process in place making sure that they are. If there is a tendency toward overestimation in some areas and underestimation in others, a series of postmortems can identify these biases. The great thing is that once these biases are uncovered, correcting them is relatively easy.

Improve continually. Portfolio management is an organic system. Each component impacts the others. Change should be constant to ensure that the portfolio is reacting to business needs and changes in organizational conditions. Project portfolio management is a relatively new field, says Moore. Willingness to embrace new ideas and thinking is key to realizing the best results. A culture of pragmatic opportunism and a willingness to experiment are also key. Moderate tolerance for risk is necessary so that changes can be introduced and tested with particular groups or divisions and then implemented more broadly if they succeed, or reversed if they fail. Taking this level of risk with process change is desirable, relative to the risk of maintaining a static process which will almost inevitably decline in usefulness over time if no action is taken. In todays tough economy, projects are running on shorter timeframes and smaller budgets, says Moore. Projects must be executed seamlessly and efficiently, or organizations will be unable to outperform their competitors. Ultimately, a strategic project portfolio management system with proper training, adoption, and facilitation offers many opportunities for organizations to become more productive by focusing on the right objectives and executing them well. Sabotaging Success: 10 Things to Avoid for a Successful Strategic Project Portfolio Management Process By Simon Moore, author of Strategic Project Portfolio Management: Enabling a Productive Organization (Wiley, 2009, ISBN: 978-0-470-48195-0, $45.00) 1. The Speed Racer. A sense of urgency is a helpful thing when youre trying to achieve a full project portfolio management system; however, full-on haste is not. In order to ensure implementation is smooth, be sure all of the required changes are completely understood before making them. When broad adoption across a large group of people is required, a phased approach can make the required process more manageable. 2. The Information Overload. If your portfolio management system consumes more time than the benefit it provides, your process needs to change. The key to a successful system is to make data capture easy, and if possible, automated. Focus on collecting a comprehensive range of data, but only that which you will need , not extraneous data that might be useful in the future. From a focused base, you can expand the process incrementally. 3. The False Start. No matter how excited you are about your system or how much executive support you have, parachuting it into your organization without first testing it out with a pilot group will most likely lead to failure. Its important that you learn about and analyze the existing competencies your organization has, and then build on them using a phased and structured approach.

4. The Ambiguous Report. Any reporting process must link through to actionable decisions. Without this, reports have no meaning and discussion around them lacks focus. Reports should be tied into a decision-making process. Also, be wary of adding more exploratory reports to your core set, because this can dilute focus and reduce the efficiency of the process. 5. The Mercy-Save. It can be tempting for portfolio managers to allow underperforming projects to persist, but not killing them can deprive stronger projects of funding and cause performance to stagnate. Another issue to contend with is not killing projects fast enough, so make sure that monitoring processes are as real-time as you need your decisions to be. 6. The Overambitious Estimate. Estimation can be a tricky and potentially dangerous tool, because without checks on the process, misleading estimates can divert funding from projects that would ultimately provide a more reliable ROI. Your process should utilize a feedback loop (not just postmortems) that tends toward self-correction and greater accuracy over time. 7. The Unintentional Oversight. It can be difficult to determine if a project is truly meeting scope requirements. Therefore, scope should be monitored just as carefully as budget and duration. By using more subjective metrics when a single metric cant define scope or quality and by structuring projects into milestones that require customer or enduser acceptance before milestones are complete, project scope can be better evaluated. 8. The Keep-Away. Locking down information or making it hard to access prevents organizations from acting as a single entity. Creating a web-based strategy for sharing project and portfolio documents is key. It ensures information is provided in a transparent manner, necessitates less managerial policing, and creates an open and easyto-use system for all. 9. The Resource Ration. Simply put, projects can be completed only if they get the resources they need, so ensure beforehand that all projects have a resource plan in place. This should include an estimate of the tools and raw materials necessary for the projects success, as well as an infrastructure that includes communication tools, an intuitive and rich collaboration platform, and business intelligence tools. 10. The Flash in the Pan. Planning is the key to success, because it ensures that all bases are covered before work on a project begins. Ironically, a rapid and rushed start to project work is likely to accelerate the projects failure. Effective planning can be supported by appropriate governance on the portfolio level, and it also enables the team size to remain relatively constant. Finally, planning provides time to work with and define appropriate stakeholders.

Project Proposals
Project proposals are documents designed to present a plan of action, outline the reasons why the action is necessary, and convince the reader to agree with and approve the implementation of the actions recommended in the body of the document. In many cases, the document is drafted as a response to a Request for Proposal (RFP) that is issued by a current or prospective client. However, a document of this type may also be prepared to serve an internal purpose, especially when someone within the company has an idea of how to make the company more profitable or efficient and needs authorization and backing to implement the action. In any situation, a project proposal will be clearly arranged so that readers can follow a logical progression of thought to the conclusion. Many sample proposals offer a basic guideline that can help even novices get into the swing of effective proposal writing. The guidelines usually identify five key components or sections of any project proposal: 1. Introduction 2. Background, 3. Strategy, 4. Budgeting or financing 5. Outcome
1.

Introduction

With the introductory section of a project proposal, the idea is to tell readers what the project is all about, and why it is worth taking the time to consider the project in the first place. Essentially, this section serves to validate the time and effort spent in presenting the data as well as the time required to read and consider the merits and feasibility of the project itself. The introduction is not the place to present the nuts and bolts of the project, only to establish its potential and cultivate enough interest to encourage the reader to learn more.
2.

Background

The background expounds on the basic points of the introduction, often citing specific reasons why the project plan is a good one, based on historical data, projections of future needs and performance, and the current circumstances of the business. The background helps to build the case for how the project can meet the needs that have arisen due to past actions while also anticipating future needs and addressing them in a timely manner. For 6

the most part, the background section will firmly establish that something must be done and pave the way for learning how that something can be accomplished.
3.

Strategy

With the strategy section of the project proposal, the goal is to outline all procedures that are necessary to make the project successful. Often, the strategy helps to define short term and long term goals for the project, explains how to systematically accomplish each step and what type of return can be expected from the effort. Here, the reader begins to get an idea of how important the project is and the potential it has to help the company make better use of available resources while positioning itself for the future.
4.

Budgeting or Financing

The budget section gets down to what most decision makers must know before approving any project: what is the cost involved with the implementation of the project proposal. In this section, the detail must be backed up with facts and figures that are well researched and cover every imaginable aspect of the financing needed to launch and maintain the project over time. Many proposals fail here, due to a lack of detail and supporting evidence for the detail that is included.
5.

Outcome

Finally, the project proposal points to the outcome of implementing the project. This is the section where all of the benefits are spelled out clearly. The advantages may include such items as reducing operating costs, increasing the public profile of the business, generating more sales, or increasing profits due to more efficient use of available resources. As with the budget detail, it is important that every benefit named can be supported by other data in order to be seriously considered.