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The Spearmans Rank Correlation Coefficient is a different way of describing the strength of the correlation between two quantities. Idea: Consider these three scatter graphs:
100 80 60 40 20 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
5 4 3 2 1 5 10 15 20 25
100 80 60 40 20 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
In each of these scatter graphs, y increases each time that x increases. Spearmans Rank Correlation Coefficient is defined to be 1 in each of these cases. Now consider the following three scatter graphs:
100
80 60 40 20 2 4 6 8 10 12
60 50 40 30 20 10 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
80 60 40 20 2 4 6 8 10
In each of these, y decreases each time that x increases. Spearmans Rank Correlation Coefficient is defined to be -1 in each case. Sometimes there is no connection between the two quantities, as in the following scatter graph
100 80 60 40 20 2 4 6 8 10
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Method 1: Step 1: RANK both sets of data. Give the largest value rank 1, the second largest value rank 2, etc. Step 2: Calculate the correlation coefficient of the ranked data
68 51
54 76
19 32
72 85
50 62
44 25
92 74
37 59
x = x
2
y= y
S xy = S yy =
2
xy =
so S xx =
NOTE: When the data is ranked, you could give the smallest value rank 1, the second smallest rank 2, etc. It doesnt matter which way you rank your data so long as you DO THE SAME THING FOR BOTH SETS OF DATA. NOTE 2: Interpreting the Size of the Correlation Coefficient
-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 Little correlation 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
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Example (continued) Step 1: RANK both sets of data. Give the largest value rank 1, the second largest value rank 2, etc. Step 2: Calculate the differences in the ranks, d. Step 3: Work out the squares of the differences (d2). Step 4: Calculate the sum of these 2 squared differences, d Step 5: Spearmans Rank Correlation Coefficient is found by substituting this sum into the following formula: 6 d2 1 n(n 2 1) where n is how many pairs of data you have.
French % Science % French rank, x Science rank, y d
68 51
54 76
19 32
72 85
50 62
44 25
92 74
37 59
d2
6 d2
n(n 2 1)
Example 2: 2 judges mark the performances given by 7 contestants in a talent competition: Contestant Judge 1 Judge 2 A 14 10 14 10 B 17 9 17 9 C 12 13 12 13 9 14 D 9 14 15 8 10 15 E 15 8 11 12 F 10 15 G 11 12
d2 So rS = 1 6 d2 =
n(n 2 1)
Examination style question: As part of a television phone-in, viewers were asked to rank 7 songs (A, B, , G) in order of preference. Tanyas order of preference (favourite song first) was C, E, B, A, F, D, G. Jims order of preference was E, A, C, F, D, B, G. Calculate the value of Spearmans rank correlation coefficient between Tanyas and Jims rankings. Comment on its value. The value of Spearmans rank correlation coefficient between Tanyas and Colins rankings is -1. Write down Colins preference order for the 7 songs. Solution: Song Tanyas rank Jims rank A B C D E F G
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