1. The theorist who believes that adaptation and manipulation of stressors are related to foster change is: a.

Dorothea Orem b. Sister Callista Roy c. Imogene King d. Virginia Henderson

ANSWER: (B) Sister Callista Roy Sister Roys theory is called the adaptation theory and she viewed each person as a unified biophysical system in constant interaction with a changing environment. Orems theory is called self-care deficit theory and is based on the belief that individual has a need for self-care actions. Kings theory is the Goal attainment theory and described nursing as a helping profession that assists individuals and groups in society to attain, maintain, and restore health. Henderson introduced the nature of nursing model and identified the 14 basic needs.

2. The nurse in charge is transferring a patient from the bed to a chair. Which action does the nurse take during this patient transfer? a. Position the head of the bed flat b. Helps the patient dangle the legs c. Stands behind the patient d. Places the chair facing away from the bed ANSWER:(B) Helps the patient dangle the legs After placing the patient in high Fowlers position and moving the patient to the side of the bed, the nurse helps the patient sit on the edge of the bed and dangle the legs; the nurse then faces the patient and places the chair next to and facing the head of the bed. 3. All of the following parts of the syringe are sterile except the: a. Barrel b. Inside of the plunger c. Needle tip d. Barrel tip ANSWER: (A) Barrel All syringes have three parts: a tip, which connects the needle to the syringe; a barrel, the outer part on which the measurement scales are printed; and a plunger, which fits inside the barrel to expel the medication. The external part of the barrel and the plunger and (flange) must be handled during the preparation and administration of the injection. However, the inside and trip

of the barrel, the inside (shaft) of the plunger, and the needle tip must remain sterile until after the injection. 4. A female patient is being discharged after cataract surgery. After providing medication teaching, the nurse asks the patient to repeat the instructions. The nurse is performing which professional role? a. Manager b. Educator c. Caregiver d. Patient advocate ANSWER: (B) Educator When teaching a patient about medications before discharge, the nurse is acting as an educator. The nurse acts as a manager when performing such activities as scheduling and making patient care assignments. The nurse performs the care giving role when providing direct care, including bathing patients and administering medications and prescribed treatments. The nurse acts as a patient advocate when making the patients wishes known to the doctor. 5. The nurse in charge measures a patients temperature at 102 degrees F. what is the equivalent Centigrade temperature? a. 39 degrees C b. 47 degrees C c. 38.9 degrees C d. 40.1 degrees C ANSWER: (C) 38.9 degrees C To convert Fahrenheit degrees to centigrade, use this formula: C degrees = (F degrees 32) x 5/9 C degrees = (102 32) 5/9 + 70 x 5/9 38.9 degrees C 6. The nurse uses a stethoscope to auscultate a male patients chest. Which statement about a stethoscope with a bell and diaphragm is true? a.The bell detects high-pitched sounds best b. The diaphragm detects high-pitched sounds best c. The bell detects thrills best d. The diaphragm detects low-pitched sounds best ANSWER: (B) The diaphragm detects high-pitched sounds best The diaphragm of a stethoscope detects high-pitched sound best; the bell detects low pitched sounds best. Palpation detects thrills best.

7. The physician orders heparin, 7,500 units, to be administered subcutaneously every 6 hours. The vial reads 10,000 units per millilitre. The nurse should anticipate giving how much heparin for each dose? a. ml b. ml c. ml d. 1 ml ANSWER: (C) ml The nurse solves the problem as follows: 10,000 units/7,500 units = 1 ml/X 10,000 X = 7,500 X= 7,500/10,000 or ml 8. Which of the following planes divides the body longitudinally into anterior and posterior regions? a. Frontal plane b. Sagittal plane c. Midsagittal plane d. Transverse plane ANSWER: (A) Frontal plane Frontal or coronal plane runs longitudinally at a right angle to a sagittal plane dividing the body in anterior and posterior regions. A sagittal plane runs longitudinally dividing the body into right and left regions; if exactly midline, it is called a midsagittal plane. A transverse plane runs horizontally at a right angle to the vertical axis, dividing the structure into superior and inferior regions. 9. What is an example of a subjective data? a. Heart rate of 68 beats per minute b. Yellowish sputum c. Client verbalized, I feel pain when urinating. d. Noisy breathing ANSWER: (C) Client verbalized, I feel pain when urinating. Subjective data are those that can be described only by the person experiencing it. Therefore, only the patient can describe or verify whether he is experiencing pain or not. 10. Using Maslows hierarchy of basic human needs, which of the following nursing diagnoses has the highest priority? a. Ineffective breathing pattern related to pain, as evidenced by shortness of breath. b. Anxiety related to impending surgery, as evidenced by insomnia.

c. Risk of injury related to autoimmune dysfunction d. Impaired verbal communication related to tracheostomy, as evidenced by inability to speak. ANSWER: (A) Ineffective breathing pattern related to pain, as evidenced by shortness of breath. Physiologic needs (ex. Oxygen, fluids, nutrition) must be met before lower needs (such as safety and security, love and belongingness, self-esteem and self-actualization) can be met. Therefore, physiologic needs have the highest priority.