POL303 1- What is democracy? What are the basic elements of democracy?

Please briefly describe the key elements of states organized under democratic. (8pionts)

Democracy is a word come from two Greek roots, demos populace, and kratia. rule taken together, rule by the people (5th century B.C) 4 Basic elements: A political system for choosing and replacing the government through free and fair elections

The active participation of the people, as citizens, in politics and civic life

Protection of the human rights of all citizens A rule of law, in which the laws and procedures apply equally to all citizens

Key elements of states organized under democratic Fundamental freedom and rights Elections Rule of law Separation of power The parliament Democratic pluralism Government and opposition Public opinion and freedom of the media

2- Please give the definition of political party, What constitute a political party and identity, What are the main functions of political party? (7 points) Definition A political party is a group people who share the same ideas about the way of country should be governed. Political party is a social organization who share the same ideas and wills on the purpose toward the leading of government. Political science; political party is social organization of the group of people who share the views for social value toward to control the state power.

Characteristics of Political Party Membership Organization Administration Objectives Resources

Functions of Political Party Selecting Candidate Communist party Democratic party

Organizing government Unitary and Federal systems The presidential system The parliamentary system

Providing Opposition Raising funds

Other functions

3- Please briefly describe (15 points) -Role of Cambodian women on political, economic and social development -Role of Cambodian youths on political, economic and social development - Education, Voting, Public Policy, Feedback to the policy, be law abiding citizen, working, family planning Citizens have an obligation to become informed about public issues, to watch carefully how their political leaders and representatives use their powers, and to express their own opinions and interests. Voting in elections is another important civic duty of all citizens. But to vote wisely, each citizen should listen to the views of the different parties and candidates, and then make his or her own decision on whom to support. Participation can also involve campaigning for a political party or candidate, standing as a candidate for political office, debating public issues, attending community meetings, petitioning the government, and even protesting. A vital form of participation comes through active membership in independent, non-governmental organizations, what we call civil society. These organizations represent a variety of interests and beliefs: farmers, workers, doctors, teachers, business owners, religious believers, women, students, human rights activists. It is important that women participate fully both in politics and in civil society. This requires efforts by civil society organizations to educate women about their democratic rights and responsibilities, improve their political skills, represent their common interests, and involve them in political life. In a democracy, participation in civic groups should be voluntary. No one should be forced to join an organization against their will.

Political parties are vital organizations in a democracy, and democracy is stronger when citizens become active members of political parties. However, no one should support a political party because he is pressured or threatened by others. In a democracy, citizens are free to choose which party to support. Democracy depends on citizen participation in all these ways. But participation must be peaceful, respectful of the law, and tolerant of the different views of other groups and individuals.

4- Briefly describe two main forms of government Monarchy is a form of government in which all political power is passed down to an individual (usually hereditary) known as a monarch ("single ruler"). This person we call emperor, King, sultan Currently, 44 nations in the world have monarchs as heads of state, 16 of which are Commonwealth realms that recognize Queen Elizabeth II as their head of state. The historical form of absolute monarchy is retained only in Brunei, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Swaziland and Vatican City. Absolute Monarchy : the monarch rules as an autocrat, with absolute power over the state and government. For example, the right to rule by decree, promulgate laws, and impose punishments. Brunei, Qatar, Oman and Saudi Arabia Constitutional Monarchy: is a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a constitution. In practice, this form divided as a two: Dualistic monarchy Parliament monarchy

Republic is a form of government in which the people, or some significant portion of them, retain supreme control over the government. One common modern definition of a republic is a government having a head of state who is not a monarch. Parliamentary Republic

Presidential Republic Half-Presidential Republic Parliamentary Republic

5- What is political regime? A political regime is a set of political structures that make up a state. The term political regime may also sometimes refer to a specific ruler or set of rulers within a political system. There are many different types of political regime in the modern world, and many more have existed historically.

6- In crisis condition, what are requires advanced should leadership prepare to result it? (it means that in a condition of crisis, as a leader what should you do?) Knowing the issue Collecting of information Finding solution Analysis Evaluation

Political System One-Party System Communist one-party system Soviet 1918-1989 Vietnam China

Laos Cuba

Fascist one-party system Form before 1st World War Fascist Party in Italy (1922-1945) Nationalist German Workers Party or Nazi (1933-1945) Dominant-party system Institutional Revolution Party in Mexico from 1929 Congress party in India from 1947 Labor Party in Israel from 1977

Two-party system In United State (Democratic party 1828, Republican party 1845) In England; Conservative party 1867, Labor party 1890 Canada

Multiparty system : France, Denmark, Cambodia, Belgium. Political Parties in Cambodia : In 1946 political parties was established are; Democratic Party, Liberal Party, and Democratic Progressive Party.