LEARN TO READ LATIN CH.

14

Learn to Read Latin: Ch. 14

131: Result Clauses
Subordinate clause reporting the result of an action. A result may be: an event likely to follow upon the action of a main verb an event actually occurring or actually having occurred Result clauses are introduced by ut and take verbs in the subjunctive based on the rules of sequence. Result clauses are usually signaled by adverbs or adjectives of degree, including: ade, ita, sc, tam, tlis, tle, tantus, -a, -um, tot

A result clause combined with the Relative Clause of Characteristic. Uses qu / qun.

Certain verbs and verb phrases appear with noun clauses called Substantive Ut clauses. These clauses function as either subjects or direct objects. Common expressions that introduce these clauses: accidit or t it happens er potest it is able to happen / it is possible efcere or facere to bring it about / to see to it Negated by ut nn, ut nm, etc. N may be used in a command or exhortation.

To make an Indirect Statement containing a future passive verb, Latin uses fore the future active innitive of sum, esse, fu, futrus substantive ut clause with a subjunctive verb in sequence

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132: Relative Clauses of Result 133: Substantive Ut Clauses 134: Fore ut Construction

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LEARN TO READ LATIN CH. 14

135: Impersonal Constructions

Common regular impersonal verbs: licet, licre, licuit / licitum est it is allowed, it is permitted necesse est it is necessary oportet, oportre, oportuit it is proper, it is right Impersonal constructions can take: subject innitive + subject accusative Necesse est homins sse cibum. It is necessary for men to eat food. subject innitive + dative of Reference Licet Domina Gaga canat. Lady Gaga singing is permitted. subjunctive (without ut) Oportet omns d morte timeant. All fearing death is proper.

Genitive of Possession, extended to describe characteristics. Vocabulary

lna, lnae f. moon aets, aettis f. age; lifetime; time agmen, agminis n. line (of march), column; army; multitude, throng auctrits, auctrittis f. authority; inuence nmen, nminis n. name s, ris n. [in sing. or pl.] mouth; face sl, slis m. sun aliquis, aliquid or quis, quid or quisquam, quicquam [indef. pron.] someone, something; anyone, anything aliqu, aliqua, aliquod or qu, qua, quod [indef. adj.] some, any quisque, quidque / quicque [indef. pron.] each/every man/woman, each/every thing quque, quaeque, quodque [indef. adj.] each, every spect, spectre, spectv, specttus to look (at), observe accid, accidere, accid, to happen efci, efcere, effc, effectus to make; bring about

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136: Genitive of Characteristic

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LEARN TO READ LATIN CH. 14

metu, metuere, metu, to fear, dread occid, occidere, occid, occsrus to fall, set; die prem, premere, press, pressus to press (hard); overpower; check opprim, opprimere, oppress, oppressus to press on; close, overwhelm, oppress orior, orr, ortus sum to rise, arise absum, abesse, fu, futrus to be absent, be distant adsum, adesse, adfu, adfutrus to be present, be near cnfer, cnferre, contul, colltus to bring together, collect; compare; direct; confer licet, licre, licuit / licitum est it is permitted oportet, oportre, oportuit it is proper, it is right cnctus, -a, -um all reliquus, -a, -um remaining, rest (of) absns, absentis absent vetus, veteris old necesse [indecl. adj.] necessary ade [adv.] to such/so great an extent, (so) very haud [adv.] not at all, by no means quods [conj.] but if vel [conj.] or; [adv.] even vel vel either or vix [adv.] scarcely, hardly

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