SINGAPORE POLYTECHNIC 2001/2002 SEMESTER TWO EXAMINATION Diploma in Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering 2nd Year Full-time Diploma

in Manufacturing Engineering 2nd Year Full-time (Teaching Factory) Diploma in Mechatronics 2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 3rd Year Evenings-Only MECHANICS II ---------------------------------------------------------------Instructions to Candidates: 1. 2.

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Time Allowed: 2 Hours

The examination rules set out at the back page of the answer booklet are to be complied with. This paper consists of three sections: Section I (10 questions) [20 marks] Section II ( 3 questions) [36 marks] Section III ( 3 questions) [44 marks]

3. 4. 5. 7. 8.

Answer ALL questions in Sections I AND II and ANY TWO questions from Section III. Marks for questions are shown and candidates should allocate their time in proportion to the marks. Answer Section I on the inside of the front cover sheet. A List of Formulae is provided. Take g = 9.81 m/s. This examination paper consists of 8 pages. ----------

/S22001

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Section I [20 marks] (Each question carries 2 marks) ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS Q1 When a solid shaft is replaced by a hollow shaft of the same length, mass and material, the maximum torque that can be transmitted at the same speed will (a) (b) (c) (d) fluctuate increase decrease remain the same

Q2

A body of mass m is attached to a string and whirled in a horizontal circle of radius r. The tension in the string T required to keep the body moving in this circle is (a) (b) (c) (d) T = mg mr 2 T = mr 2 + mg T = mr 2 mg T = mr 2

where is the angular velocity. Q3. Which of the following is TRUE about Hookes Law? (a) strain is proportional to modulus of rigidity a (b) stress is proportional to strain (c) stress is inversely proportional to deformation. (d) strain is proportional to cross sectional area of shaft. . Q4. The ratio of ultimate tensile stress to allowable working stress is (a) (b) (c) (d) modulus of elasticity modulus of rigidity factor of safety shear stress.

/S22001

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Q5.

The angle of lap in a belt drive depends on : (a) (b) (c) (d) the diameter of the larger pulley. the diameter of the smaller pulley. the diameters of both pulley. the diameter of both pulleys and the centre distance.

Q6

In a belt drive the ___________ to increase the limiting tension ratio. (a) (b) (c) (d) coefficient of friction between belt and pulleys must be increased. angle of lap must be decreased initial tension should be decreased belt speed should be increased

Q7

The velocity ratio of a machine depends on the (a) (b) (c) (d) applied effort. maximum load. mechanical advantage. design of the machine.

Q8

The wheels of a car travelling on a level road possesses (a) (b) (c) (d) potential energy only. kinetic energy of translation only. kinetic energy of rotation only. both kinetic energy of translation and rotation.

/S22001

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Q9.

A simply supported beam carries a concentrated load W N is shown in Fig Q9. The maximum bending moment is W N A l/3 m lm C B

Fig Q9.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

2Wl 9 Wl2 4 Wl2 8 Wl2 2

Nm Nm Nm Nm

Q10.

Power developed by a torque is given by (a) (b) (c) (d) T/t T T Tt

where T = torque t = time = angular acceleration = angular displacement = angular velocity.

/S22001

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-5Section II [36 marks] ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS Q11.

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A hollow circular shaft, 200 mm external diameter and 120 mm internal diameter, transmits power at 250 rev/min. If the maximum shear stress is not to exceed 60 MN/m2 and maximum torque is 1.4 times mean torque, Calculate: (a) (b) (c) (d) the maximum torque in the shaft (5 marks) the mean torque in the shaft (2 marks) the power transmitted (3 marks) the maximum angle of twist per unit length if G = 80 GN/m2. (2 marks)

Q12.

A trolley of mass 20 kg is made to move round the inside of a vertical circular track at 35 km/h. The track has a radius of curvature of 3 m. Using free body diagrams for each case, determine (a) (b) the maximum normal reaction of the track acting on the trolley (6 marks) the least trolley speed in order not to fall off at the highest point on the track in km/h. (6 marks)

Q13

An open belt drive can transmit up to 7 kW power using a flat belt running at 8 m/s. The larger pulley is 500 mm and the maximum belt tension is 1400 N. Neglecting centrifugal tension, find (a) (b) (c) the speed of the larger pulley in rpm. the limiting tension ratio. the slack side tension. (3 marks) (6 marks) (3 marks)

/S22001

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-6Section III [44 marks] ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS Q14.

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Fig Q14 shows a light beam ABCDE carrying loads as shown and simply supported at A and D.

Use the graph paper provided in the answer booklet for this question. Use the following scales : Free body diagram Shear Force Diagram 10 mm : 1 m 10 mm : 20 kN

Bending Moment diagram 10 mm : 20 kNm

10 kN A 2m B 2m C

20 kN/m D 4m 2m

30 kN E

Fig Q14.

(a) Draw the free body diagram for the beam.

(2 marks)

(b) Show that the reactions at A and D are 20 kN and 100 kN respectively. (3 marks) (c) Draw the shear force diagram and determine the position of zero stress from A.. (6 marks) (d) Draw the bending moment diagram and determine the point of contraflexure from D. (11 marks) Indicate principal numerical values on your shear force and bending moment diagrams. /S22001 see page 7

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Q15.

A screw jack has a double start square thread and a pitch of 4 mm. It is operated by a lever of 0.4 m long. (a) (b) Show that its velocity ratio is 314.16 (3 marks)

When using the machine, it was found that 30 N effort would lift a load of 600 N and 50 N effort would lift 2 kN. Determine the law of the machine and its limiting mechanical advantage and limiting efficiency. (10 marks)

For a load of 1500 N, calculate (c) (d) the actual effort, ideal effort, and friction effort required to lift this load. (5 marks) the mechanical advantage and efficiency when lifting this load. (4 marks)

Q16.

A 4-wheeled vehicle of total mass 1800 kg is accelerated from rest to a speed of 20 m/s after travelling a distance of 500 m up an incline of 1 in 10. It has two axles , each of which together with the wheels has a mass of 150 kg and radius of gyration of 400 mm about its axis of rotation. The wheel diameter is 0.6 m. The resistance to motion is 500 N. Calculate (a) (b) (c) (d) the kinetic energy of translation of the vehicle. the kinetic energy of rotation of the wheels. the total kinetic energy of the vehicle. (3 marks) (8 marks) (2 marks)

the average tractive effort required by using the energy method and hence the power required at this speed. (9 marks)

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/S22001

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-8LIST OF FORMULAE = P A = L L y w or E= UTS w J = (d14 d24 ) 32 Bending Equation T = G = J L r Simple Lifting Machines E = Ei + Ef ; Ei = W VR VR = D d (Wheel and Axle) M=E= I R y Centripetal Force C.F = mr2 or mv2 r G=

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Factor of Safety =

I = bd3 12

I = (d14 d24 ) 64

Torsion Equation

VR = 2D ( Differential Wheel and Axle) d1 - d2 VR = DN dn (Worm and Wheel Lifting Hoist)

VR = 2 R (Screw Jack) np N2 N4 D VR = -------- x --- (Crab Winch) N1 N3 d Belts Tt - Tc = e /sin Ts - Tc P = (Tt - Tc ) (1 e /sin /S22001 1 )v P = 2(To - mv 2)(e /sin - 1) v (e /sin + 1) ****************