-- TAPER GRID COUPLING --------------------------------------------

TAPER GRID COUPLING

---------------------WOO CHANG COUPLING

-- TAPER GRID COUPLING --------------------------------------------

1.

(Characteristic

WCC Taper Grid Steel Flexble Coupling

& Merit)

We can get more favorable convinience and cost

down by using the WCC Taper Grid Steel Flexble

Coupling.

1)

1) PARALLEL

Grease

The movement of the grid in

the lubricated grooves accommodates parallel misalignment
and steel permits full functioning of the grid-groove action in
damping out shock and
vibration.

Grid

.(

2)

2 ~ 3)

2) ANGULAR

(2 ~

3
)

Hub

(Groove), Grid

Under angular misalignment,

the grid groove design permits
a rocking and sliding action of
the lubricated grid and hubs
without any loss of power
through the resilient grid.

, .

3)

3) AXIAL

End Float for both driving and

Hub

Grease

driven members is permitted

Grid

because the grid slides freely in

the lubricated grooves.

4)

4) TORSIONAL FLEXIBILITY

..

Torsional flexibility is the advantage of WCC Taper

Grid

Grid Coupling, Providing flexible accommodation

Grid

Tooth
.

Taper Grid Coupling

to changing load conditions.

WCC

---------------------WOO CHANG COUPLING

-- TAPER GRID COUPLING --------------------------------------------

Light Load

Grid

Grid Hub Tooth

The grid bears near the outer edges

of the hub teeth. The long span
between the points of contact
remains free to flex under load

(Load)

Grid

Tooth

Shocking

Vibration

Normal Load

G r i d

Hub

Tooth

Grid

(Bending)

As the load increases, the distance

between the contact points on the
hub teeth is shortened, but a free
span still remains to cushion shock
loads

Shock Load

G r i d

The coupling is flexible within its

Hub Tooth

rated

Grid

capactity.

Under

extreme overloads, the grid bears

(Torsion)

fully on the hub teeth and transmits

power

full load directly.

Starting .

WCC Taper Grid coupling demonstrate the excellent

performance as shown below.

(Virbration absorption)

---------------------WOO CHANG COUPLING

(Shock load absorption)

-- TAPER GRID COUPLING --------------------------------------------

:Vibration

& Shock
INPUT

:30%

OUTPUT

MERITS

1.

Grid Cutting

Shaft

2. Center

Shearing

3.

(Mechanical

4.

Grid

Tooth

Seal),
2

(Bearing)

, ,

5.

shearing Grid or Tooth.

3. The life of parts(Mechanical Seal and Bearing, etc)
can be extends to twice or more.
4. Quick installation and easy maintenance reduce
5. WCC Grid coupling is interchangeable with
international industry standard.

6.

100%

6. It always transmits the power full(100%) under

low noise.

.
.

relating machine is protected by the virtue of

labor cost and down-time costs.

7.

breaking of the shaft or machinery part connected.

2. When the parallel misalignment is too servere, the

1. When overload occur, grid breaks and prevents

7. You can use it continually at cheaper replacement

cost by changing damaged parts only.

---------------------WOO CHANG COUPLING

-- TAPER GRID COUPLING --------------------------------------------

2.

(Application)

Flange

Chain Coupling

Pin-Bush Flange coupling and Chain couplings have

Taper Grid Coupling

usually used, but now using the WCC Taper Grid

, Wcc

1. .
2.

under-end floating.
machinery parts under over load.

7.

angular misalignment.

5. When we need to prevent breaking of the

6. .

underline misalignment.

4. When we need adequate power transmission

5.

load.

3. When we need adequate power transmission

4.

1. When we need to reduce vibration and shock

2. When we need adequate power transmission

3.

Coupling we will get many benefits.

6. When reverse revolution is required.

7. When we need smooth starting.

3.

(Structure)

---------------------WOO CHANG COUPLING

-- TAPER GRID COUPLING --------------------------------------------

4.

(Designation)

WCC

1020

T H

Cover (Horizontal split cover)

Coupling(Taper Grid Coupling)
(Coupling Size)
(Woo Chang Coupling)
TV. : Vertical split cover
TFS: Full spacer type(Horizontal split cover)
THS: Half spacer type(Horizontal split cover)
TBW: Brake wheel type(Horizontal split cover)

5.

(Selection

1)

Method)
1) S e l e c t i o n P r o c e s s
By using the following formula, obtain Design
Torque required.

Torque

T = 97,400 H
N S F

T = Torque(Kg cm)
H= (kw)
H = (HP)
N = (rpm)
S F =

Torque

T = Design Torque(Kg cm)

H= Power(kw)
H = Power(HP)
N = Working revolution(rpm)
S F = Recommended service factor

Size basic

Shaft Coupling

Torque

Select the size with the same or with the greater

value at the Basic Torque column. Refer to the

maximum speed allowed to the size selected,

T = 71,620 H S F
N

and then compare the shaft diameters of the

application with the max. Bore dia of the size
selected. If the coupling bore size is not suitable,
select the larger coupling size.

---------------------WOO CHANG COUPLING

-- TAPER GRID COUPLING --------------------------------------------

Special requirements

a. on calculating the torque required, use the

lowest operating speed(N) of the application.

b. If there are reverse motions repeatedly or

a.N
b.
2

frequent irregular load changes, make service

factor twice.

2)

2) Example

30 . 1,750 Motor Rotary Type Pump

.

1,750rpm motor to rotary type pump. Motor shaft

58page Pump

1.8

30 .

Torque(kg cm) = 3071,6201.8 =2,210

1,750

Cover

transmitting power is 30HP

Torque(kg cm) =

3071,6201.8 =2,210
1,750

44mm

torque 2210kg

1060 2

1060

Normal

1040

factor of pump is 1.8(Refer to page 58).

The coupling size 1040 accepts the calculated

service

1 1040

2,210kg

57mm

dia is 48mm and pump s 52mm.

cm

Torqiue

When you select a Coupling to connect a 30HP,

1,750 1060

TH TV

cm.

And then compare the

application shaft size(52mm) to the maximum bore

of the selected coupling size 1040(43mm).
You will select the coupling size 1060 accepting
upto 55mm shaft diameter. The size also accept the
application motor speed 1750rpm. Either TH or TV
cover is available. Finally, the coupling size 1060 is
selected

---------------------WOO CHANG COUPLING

-- TAPER GRID COUPLING --------------------------------------------

6.

(Instruction

Coupling

for Installation)

.
.

TH Type Taper Grid Coupling

Taper Grid Coupling

Gauge( Dial Gauge)

1) TH Type

Feeler
.

The performance and the life of the coupling depend

on how you install and service them. This page helps
you how to assemble the coupling for the best
performance and for the trouble free operation.
TH Taper Grid Coupling is designed to be operate in
either the horizontal or vertical position without
modification.

Simple standard mechanical tools such as

wrenches, a straight edge and feeler gauge or
dial guage are required to install the Taper Grid
Coupling.
1) In case of TH Type

Oil Seal Grease

Hub Shaft

Clean all metal parts using

nonflammable solvent. Lightly

coat seals with grease and place

on shaft, before mounting hub

Mounting hubs on the shafts.

Gap

Using a spacer bar, equal in

thickness to the normal gap. The

difference in maximum measurements must be not exceed the
angular limit.

90


3

Align so that a straight edge

rests squarely on both hubs as

shown fig. And also at 90interval. The clearance must not exce
ed the limit specified in table 3.

Hub Tooth Grease

Grid

After greasing the tooth of

groove hub, fix the Grid in the

same direction.

---------------------WOO CHANG COUPLING

-- TAPER GRID COUPLING --------------------------------------------

Grid Grease

Oil

Grease fully upon the Grid. Place oil

Seal cover

seals on the hubs, put gaskets and

Gasket

fasten the cover halves correctly by

Cover

Cover

** Coupling
Coupling

bolts.

Match Mark

Grid

Grid

.

Coupling

** Coupling disassembly and Grid

removal.
Whenever it is necessary to disconnect
the coupling, remove the cover halves
and grid. A round rod or screw driver
can be a convenient tool to remove
the grid.

3 (Table

Size
1020
1030
1040
1050
1060
1070
1080
1090
1100
1110
1120
1130
1140
1150
1160
1170
1180
1190
1200

3 - misalignment capacity)

(Unit:mm)
Normal
Recommended installation
Operating
Parallel Angular(1/16
) Parallel Angular(1/ 4
) Gap
10%
Offset p
X -Y
Offset p
X -Y
0.15
0.06
0.3
0.24
3
0.15
0.07
0.3
0.29
3
0.15
0.08
0.3
0.32
3
0.20
0.10
0.4
0.39
3
0.20
0.11
0.4
0.45
3
0.20
0.12
0.4
0.50
3
0.20
0.15
0.4
0.61
3
0.20
0.17
0.4
0.70
3
0.25
0.20
0.5
0.82
4.5
0.25
0.22
0.5
0.90
4.5
0.28
0.25
0.56
1.01
6
0.28
0.30
0.56
1.19
6
0.28
0.33
0.56
1.34
6
0.30
0.39
0.6
1.56
6
0.30
0.44
0.6
1.77
6
0.30
0.50
0.6
2.00
6
0.38
0.56
0.76
2.26
6
0.38
0.61
0.76
2.44
6
0.38
0.68
0.76
2.72
6

---------------------WOO CHANG COUPLING

-- TAPER GRID COUPLING --------------------------------------------

1) TV Type

1) In case of TV Type

Oil Seal Grease

Hub

Shaft

nonflammable solvent. Lightly

Cover

Clean all metal parts using

coat seals with grease and place

on shaft, before mounting hub

Mounting hubs on the shafts.

Gap

Using a spacer bar, make the

gap between the hubs equal to

the value stated in the table #3

Align so that a straight edge

90

rests squarely on both hubs as

shown fig. And also at 90inter-

12

val. The clearance must not exce

ed the limit specified in page 12

table #3.

Hub Tooth Grease

Grid

After greasing the tooth of

groove hub, fix the Grid in the

same direction.

Grid

Grease

Cover Grease 180

.(Size

Gasket

1150

90

Grease fully upon the grid.

Place oil seals on the hubs, put

gaskets and fasten the vertical

halves, locating lube plug at 180

.)

degree. (note : 90from the size

1150)

---------------------WOO CHANG COUPLING

-- TAPER GRID COUPLING --------------------------------------------

1) TFS THS Type

Flange Hub Shaft

Flange Shaft

1) In case of TFS THS Type

Mount flange hubs on the sfafts

to be aligned correctly.

Oil Seal

Spacer Hub

Flange Hub

Bolt

~ Page11 TH

spacer on the concave-convex

and fasten bolts

~ Refer to the instruction of

installation of TH Grid Coupling as shown
on Page 11.

Carefully position each half

After

assembly.

Adequate

Coupling

lubrication is essential for a

successful operating and ensure

long life.

.
Cover Match

Mark

You can mount vertically or

horizontally.

As per the application.

---------------------WOO CHANG COUPLING

-- TAPER GRID COUPLING --------------------------------------------

**Spacer Coupling(THS,TFS)/

Hub Bolt 2

Remove all bolts except two

fasteners. Loosening the two

bolts every 5mm, tap them with a

Spacer Coupling

Spacer Coupling

Flange Hub

TFS Type

Bolt

mallet to disengage, Spacer

Gap

7.

2 Bolt

1) Replacement of spacer

apart from the shaft hubs.

Insert spacer tightly between

shaft hubs. Refer to

of TFS

type installation.

..

Bolt

(Selection

of Puller Holes)

CPLG B.C.D. Bolt

Size (mm) Size
1070
74
M8
1080 89.5
M8
1090 106
M10
1100 121.5 M10
1110 136.5 M10
1120 150.5 M12
1130 185
M16

---------------------WOO CHANG COUPLING

CPLG B.C.D. Bolt

Size (mm) Size
1140
205
M16
1150 227.5 M20
1160
260
M20
1170
306
M24
1180
341
M30
1190
393
M30
1200
414
M30

-- TAPER GRID COUPLING --------------------------------------------

8.

(Lubrication

WCC Taper Grid Coupling

and handling)

You should choose the high quality lubricant for a

good performance and long life.

1) Grease
Grid Hub Grease Cover
Grease Grease
.

2)
Grease 3, 240~250
3, 4,000
Coupling
Grease .
3) Grease
Grease ?17 ~ 70
C 5
rpm .

1) Grease Lubrication
Grease on the grid before assembling covers. Fill up
grease through the lube plugs after assembled
coupling.

2) Supplement and Replacement

Every three months or every 240 ~ 250 hours
operating, you should add grease, Every 3 months,
or every 4,000 hours operating, you should replace
all the deteriorated grease.
3) Selection
You can choose grease according to the ambient
temperature range in table 5.

Common Industraial Lubricants(NLGI Grade #2)

Table 5

Ambient Temperature Range:

0
F to 150
F(-18 to 66 )
-30
F to 100(-34 to 38 )
Amolith Grease #2
Amolith Grease #2
Amoco Oil Co.
Litholene HEP 2
Litholene HEP 2
Atlantic Richfield co.
Chevron Dura - Lith EP-2
Chevron Dura - Lith EP 2
Chevron U.S.A Inc.
Citgo HEP-2
Citgo HEP 2
Cities Service Co.
EP Conolith #2
EP Conolith #2
Conoco Inc.
Ronex MP
Ronex MP
Exxon Company, USA
Gulfcrown Grease #2
Gulfcrown Grease #2
Gulf Oil Corp.
Cosmolube #2
Cosmolube #1
E.F.Houghton & Co.
Esso MP Grease H
Lotemp EP
Ompenrial Oil Corp.
#84 Light
Keystone Div.(Pennwalt) #81 Light
Mobil Oil Corp.
Mobilux EP111
Mobilux #1
Phillips Petroleum Co.
IB & RB Grease
Philube IB & RB Grease
Shell Oil Co.
Alvania Grease #2
Alvania Grease #2
Standard Oil Co.(OH0
Factran #2
Factran #2
Sun Oil Company
Prestige 42
Prestige 42
Texaco Lubricants
Starplex HD2
Multifak EP2
Union Oil Co.(CA)
Union Unoba #2
Union Unoba #2
Valvoline Oil Co.
Val - Lith EP #2
Val - Lith EP #2
** Note : Check with lube manufacture for approved lubricants to use in the food processing industry
Manufacturer

---------------------WOO CHANG COUPLING

-- TAPER GRID COUPLING --------------------------------------------

9.

(Dimensions)

Type TH (Horizontal Split Aluminum Cover)

Coupling ( Coupling weight, without bore machining )

HP Max. Basic
Bore
Cplg
Dimensions(mm)
Gap(mm)
Per
Size 100 Speed Torque Dia(mm)
Wt
(rpm)
(kg.cm)
(kg)
rpm
Max. Min. A
B
C
D
E
Min. Nor Max.
1020 0.68 4500 486
30 12
101.6 98.0 47.5 39.7 66.5 1.5 3
4.5 1.9
1030 1.93 4500 1383
35 12
110.0 98.0 47.5 49.2 68.3 1.5 3
4.5 2.6
1040 3.22 4500 2304
43 12
1175 104.6 50.8 57.1 70.0 1.5 3
4.5 3.4
1050 5.63 4500 4033
50 12
138.0 123.6 60.3 66.7 79.5 1.5 3
4.5 5.4
1060 8.85 4350 6337
55 19
150.5 130.0 63.5 76.2 92.0 1.5 3
4.5 7.3
1070 13 4125 9217
65 19
161.9 155.4 76.2 87.3 95.0 1.5 3
4.5 10
1080 27 3600 19010 78 27.0 194.0 180.8 88.9 104.8 116.0 1.5 3
4.5 18
1090 48 3600 34564 95 27.0 213.0 1999.8 98.4 123.8 122.0 1.5 3
6
25
1100 81 2400 58183 107 41
250.0 245.7 120.6 142.0 155.5 1.5 3
6
42
1110 121 2250 86411 117 41
270.0 258.5 127.0 160.3 161.5 1.5 4.5 9.5 54
1120 177 2025 126736 136 60
308.0 304.4 149.2 179.4 191.5 1.5 4.5 9.5 81
1130 257 1800 184343 165 67
346.0 329.8 161.9 217.5 195.0 1.5 6
12.5 121
1140 370 1650 264993 184 67
384.0 371.6 182.8 254.0 201.0 1.5 6
12.5 178
1150 515 1500 368686 203 108 453.1 371.8 182.9 269.2 271.3 1.5 6
12.5 234
1160 724 1350 518465 228 120.7 501.4 402.2 198.1 304.8 278.9 1.5 6
12.5 317
1170 965 1225 691286 279 133.4 566.4 437.8 215.9 355.6 304.3 1.5 6
12.5 448
1180 1338 1100 958584 311 152.4 629.9 483.6 238.8 393.7 321.1 1.5 6
12.5 619
1190 1770 1050 1267358 339 152.4 675.6 524.2 259.1 436.9 325.1 1.5 6
12.5 776
1200 2413 900 1728216 361 177.8 756.9 564.8 279.4 497.8 355.6 1.5 6
12.5 1.057

---------------------WOO CHANG COUPLING

Lube
Wt
(kg)
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.05
0.09
0.11
0.17
0.25
0.43
0.51
0.73
0.91
1.13
1.95
2.81
3.49
3.76
4.40
5.62

-- TAPER GRID COUPLING --------------------------------------------

Type TV (Vertical Split Steel Cover)

Coupling ( Coupling weight, without bore machining )

HP Max. Basic
Bore
Cplg
Dimensions(mm)
Gap(mm)
Dia(mm)
Size Per
Speed
Torque
Wt
100 (rpm) (kg.cm)
(kg)
rpm
Max. Min. A
B
C
D
E
Min. Nor Max.
1020 0.68 6000 486
30 12.7 111.1 98.0 47.5 39.7 24.2 1.5 3
4.5 2.0
1030 1.93 6000 1383
36 12.7 120.0 98.0 47.5 49.2 25.0 1.5 3
4.5 2.6
1040 3.22 6000 2304
44 12.7 128.5 104.6 50.8 57.1 25.7 1.5 3
4.5 3.4
1050 5.63 6000 4033
50 12.7 147.6 123.6 60.3 66.7 31.2 1.5 3
4.5 5.4
1060 8.85 6000 6337
57 19.1 162.0 130.0 63.5 76.2 32.2 1.5 3
4.5 7.3
1070 13 5500 9217
65 19.1 173.0 155.4 76.2 87.3 33.7 1.5 3
4.5 10.4
1080 27 4750 19010 79 27.0 200.0 180.8 88.9 104.8 44.2 1.5 3
4.5 17.7
1090 48 4000 34564 95 27.0 231.8 1999.8 98.4 123.8 47.7 1.5 3
6
25.4
1100 81 3250 58183 107 41.3 266.7 245.7 120.6 142.0 60.0 1.5 3
6
42.2
1110 121 3000 86411 117 41.3 285.8 258.5 127.0 160.3 64.2 1.5 4.5 12.5 54.4
1120 177 2700 126736 136 60.3 319.0 304.4 149.2 179.4 73.4 1.5 4.5 12.5 81.6
1130 257 2400 184343 165 66.7 377.8 329.8 161.9 217.5 75.1 1.5 6
12.5 122.5
1140 370 2200 264993 184 66.7 416.0 371.6 182.8 254.0 78.2 1.5 6
12.5 180.1
1150 515 2000 368686 203 108.0 476.3 371.8 182.9 269.2 106.9 1.5 6
12.5 230.0
1160 724 1750 518465 228 120.7 533.4 402.2 198.1 304.8 114.3 1.5 6
12.5 321.1
1170 965 1600 691286 279 133.4 584.2 437.8 215.9 355.6 119.4 1.5 6
12.5 448.2
1180 1338 1400 958584 311 152.4 630.0 483.6 238.8 393.7 130.0 1.5 6
12.5 591.0
1190 1770 1300 1267358 339 152.4 685.0 524.2 259.1 436.9 135.0 1.5 6
12.5 761.0
1200 2413 1100 1728216 361 177.8 737.0 564.8 279.4 497.8 145.0 1.5 6
12.5 1021

---------------------WOO CHANG COUPLING

Lube
Wt
(kg)
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.05
0.09
0.11
0.17
0.25
0.43
0.51
0.73
0.91
1.13
1.95
2.81
3.49
3.76
4.40
5.62

-- TAPER GRID COUPLING --------------------------------------------

Size
1020
1030
1040
1050
1060
1070
1080
1090
1100
1110
1120
1130
1140
1150
1160
1170
1180
1190
1200

Type TFS (Full Spacer), THS (Half Spacer)

HP
Per
100
rpm
0.68
1.93
3.22
5.63
8.85
13
27
48
81
121
177
257
370
515
724
965
1338
1770
2413

Max. Basic
Speed Torque
(rpm) (kg.cm)
3600
3600
3600
3600
3600
3600
3600
3600
2400
2250
2025
1800
1650
1500
1350
1225
1100
1050
900

486
1383
2304
4033
6337
9217
19010
34564
58183
86411
126736
184343
264993
368686
518465
691286
958584
1267358
1728216

* BE Shaft
BE
.

Bore
Dia(mm)
Max.
36
44
57
64
79
83
95
108
127
149
165
178
203
254
279
330
330
362
381

Min.
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
19.1
19.1
27.0
27.0
38.1
50.8
63.5
76.2
88.9
101.6
114.3
127.0
101.6
114.3
127.0

A
101.6
110.0
1175
138.0
150.5
161.9
194.0
213.0
250.0
270.0
308.0
346.0
384.0
453.1
501.4
566.4
629.9
675.6
756.9

B
35
41
54
60
73
79
89
102
90
104
119
135
152
173
186
220
249
276
305

Dimensions(mm)
BE(TFS) BE(THS)
Min Max Min Max
89 203 45
102
89 216 45
109
89 216 45
109
112 216 57
109
127 330 64
166
127 330 64
166
184 406 93
204
184 406 93
204
203 406 103 205
210 406 106 205
246 406 125 205
257 406 130 205
267 406 135 205
345 371 175 187
356 406 180 205
384 445 194 224
400 490 202 247
411 530 207 267
445 575 224 289

N
52
59
78
87
103
109
122
142
171
196
225
238
266
334
366
425
451
508
530

F
86
94
113
126
145
153
178
210
251
277
319
346
386
425
457
527
591
660
711

Gap
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6.5
6.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5

Flange Lube
Bolt Wt
No. (kg)
4
8
8
8
8
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
14
14
16
16
18
18

0.03
0.03
0.05
0.05
0.09
0.11
0.17
0.25
0.43
0.51
0.73
0.91
1.13
1.95
2.81
3.49
3.76
4.40
5.62

* BE means the distants between shaft

ends. Do not miss to tell on ordering

---------------------WOO CHANG COUPLING

-- TAPER GRID COUPLING --------------------------------------------

Type TBW (Brake Wheel)

Standard Brake Wheel
Cplg
Size Motor Power Brake Torque
(40%ED KW)
(kg . m)
1020
1030
1040
2.2
5
1050
5.5
10
1060 5.5 7.5 11 10 14 21.2
1070
15
30
1080
30
53
1090 75
90 63 80
1100
45
132
1110 75
90
180
1020 110 132
335
1130 160 200 400 475
1140 160 200 400 475
* Motor

Brake
wheel
Size
AB JB

Crane

Max
Bore Dia
Lube
Brake
Dimensions(mm)
(mm)
wt
Size Rating
of
C
D
E
F
H
I
J
Gap (kb)
CPLG Max Min A
1020 110
30 12.7 102 48 39.6
3
0.03
1030 359
36 12.7 111 48
49
3
0.03
160 80 1040 663
44 12.7 117 51
57 145 140 40 12 28
3
0.05
200 100 1050 1202 50 12.7 138 60
66 184 178 50 17 33
3
0.05
200 100 1060 2129 57 19.1 151 63
76 184 178 50 17 33
3
0.09
250 125 1070 3373 68 19.1 162 76
87 230 224 62. 22 40.5 3
0.11
315 160 1080 6497 82 27.0 194 89 105 292 285 80 23 57
3
0.17
355 180 1090 11060 95 27.0 213 98 124 330 320 90 26 64
3
0.25
400 200 1100 19355 107 41.3 251 121 142 374 362 100 28 72
5
0.43
450 224 1110 29032 117 41.3 270 127 160 422 410 112 32 80
5
0.51
500 250 1120 44240 136 60.3 308 149 179 462 445 125 35 90
6
0.73
560 280 1130 66212 165 66.7 346 162 218 516 495 140 45 95
6
0.91
560 280 1140 89862 184 66.7 384 184 253 516 495 140 45 95
6
1.13

Firstly, determine the brake size of you coupling and then check the W dimensions from the above chart

---------------------WOO CHANG COUPLING