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Cavitation From hullborne to foilborne condition Resistance Maneuvering Steady free-surface effects Foil interaction Wave-induced motions
Hydrofoil lecture
O.M.Faltinsen CeSOS,NTNU
Hydrofoil vessels
Interceptors
University of Tokyo
Tractor propeller
Hydrofoil vessels
Cavitation and ventilation limits the speed Sufficient power during lift to foilborne condition Automatic motion control for submerged foil system Submerged foil system gives very good seakeeping behaviour
Important aspects(Johnston)
Maintenance of directional and roll stability Stable recovery when a foil comes out of the water (broaches) Graceful deterioration of performance in severe seas Safety
Foil configurations
Conventional: >65% of lift on forward foils Canard: >65% of lift on aft foils
M 2 = M 1 ( L2 / L1 )
A2 = A1 ( L2 / L1 )3
Foilspan / beam ( L2 / L1 )
1/ 2
Foil geometry
Stalling condition
Flap angle 4
Flap angle 0
x/c
p = pa + gh + 0.5 U 2 (1 (U L / U ) 2 )
Cavitation index i
Cp = p p0 0.5 U 2
pv p0 0.5U 2
Cavitation-free buckets
C p min =
i = C p min
Maneuvering
Coordinated turn
L cos = Mg MU 2 L sin = R U2 tan = Rg
g tan U
R = U
CL
Cavitation number=0.35
0.15
-0.15
-0.30 -10 0 10
Yaw Angle
Linear lifting(a) and thickness (b) problems.Steady potential flow past 2D foil in infinite fluid
Efficiency of flap
Lifting-line theory
Far-field view
Near-field view
10
Wing-in-ground effect
2 1 c CL = CL 1 + 16 h
1 + 16 ( h / c )2 C L = C L 2 2 + 16 ( h / c )
11
12
CL2
p/c = 2.5
c
Angle of attack on aft foil due to forward foil:
i = CL Fn 2 e2 / Fn cos 2 Fn c
2 h
1 x
Fn
Down wash velocity in the far-field wake due to image vortex system.
Elliptical foil
Aft foil
Forward foil
13
Birds in V-form
Birds in V-form
Flap action
Wagner problem
14
Theodorsen function
c 2U C (k f ) = F (k f ) + iG (k f )
kf =
Abs(C(kf))
C (k f )
c kf = 2U C (k f ) = F (k f ) + iG (k f )
F(kf) G(kf)
2U C (k f ) = F (k f ) + iG (k f )
kf =
kf
Foilcat 2900
(35-15 knots)
3D
W M
15
3a/a
quasy-steady 5aLf/a
5aLf/a
16
17