LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

1.

Find the Laplace transforms of the following functions

t 0 < t < 5
sin 4t 0 < t < / 2
(i) f (t ) = 2
; (ii) f (t ) =
; (iii) H (2 3 e t ) ;
t > /2
t >5
0
t

(iv) sech 2t sin 3 t (t 5) ; (v) (3 sinh 2t ) / t ; (vi) (sin t + t 2 ) H (2t 3) ;

(vii) e 2t J 0 (3t ) + t I 0 (2t ) ; (viii) f (at ) .
2.

Find the inverse Laplace transform of each of the following functions:

(a) (2s + 5) 3 ; (b)
(e)

3.

s +1
s 2 + 2s + 3
;
; (d)
(c)
9s 2 + 6s + 5
( s 2 + 2s + 2)( s 2 + 2s + 5)

e 3 2 s
s2 9

e s + e 2 s
.
s 2 3s + 2

Find the following convolution products:

(i) t 2 cos at ; (ii) H (t a ) H (t b) ; (iii) t [ H (t ) H (t 2)] .

4.

Use the convolution theorem to find the inverse Laplace transform of:
1
s
s2
.
(i) 2
; (iii) 2
; (ii) 3 2
2
( s + 4)
s ( s + 4)
( s 4) 3

5.

Use Laplace transforms to solve the following IVPs:

(a) 2 y& 3 y = sin t + cosh t ,
(b) &y& + 3 y& + 2 y = H (t 1),

y (0) = 0 ;
y (0) = 0, y& (0) = 1 ;

(c) t &y& + y& + 4 t y = 0, y (0) = 3, y& (0) = 0 ;

(d) &y& + 4 y = (t 3), y (0) = 0, y& (0) = 1 ;
(e) &y& + y = F (t ),
(f) &y& + y = G (t ),

5 0 t 3
;
y (0) = y& (0) = 0; F (t ) =
t + 4 t > 3
t 0 t 1
.
y (0) = 1, y& (0) = 0; G (t ) =
2t + 1 t > 1

6.

z / z
e e
If f () =
dz , show by means of the substitution u = / z that
z
0

e u e / u
f ( ) =
du .
0
u3
Hence, by differentiating the first expression for f ( ) , show that
f ( )
f ' ( ) =
.

Solve this differential equation, using the fact that f (0) = , and show that

f () = exp(2 ) .
Use this result to show that
e b / 4t
L
t

exp(b s )
=
,

b e b / 4t
and deduce the expression for L
2 t 3/ 2

7.

Solve the following PDEs:

(i) u x = 2u t + u , u ( x,0) = 6e 3 x ; u bounded for x > 0, t > 0 ;
(ii) u x u t = 1 e t , 0 < x < 1, t > 0, u ( x,0) = x, u bounded;
(iii) u t = 3u xx , u x (0, t ) = 0, u ( / 2, t ) = 0, u ( x,0) = 20 cos 3x 5 cos 9 x ;
(iv) u t = u xx , u (0, t ) = u 0 , u ( x,0) = 0 ; u bounded for x > 0, t > 0 ;
(v) u t = u xx 4u , u (0, t ) = 0, u (, t ) = 0, u ( x,0) = 6 sin x 4 sin 2 x .

ANSWERS
1.

(i) s 2 + e 5 s (20s 1 + 9s 2 + 2s 3 ) ; (ii) 4(1 e s / 2 ) /( s 2 + 16) ; (iii) (2 / 3) s / s ;

(iv) e 5s sin 3 5 sech10 ; (v) ln[ s 2 4 / s ] ;
9 s 2 + 12 s + 8 cos 32 + s sin 32
;
(vi) e 3 s / 2
+
4s 3
s2 +1

1
s
+
(vii)
; (viii) 1 / a f ( s / a ) .
( s + 3) 2 + 9
( s 2 4) 3

2.

(a) e 5t / 2 t 2 / 16 ; (b) e t / 3 (cos 2t / 3 + sin 2t / 3) / 9 ; (c) e t (sin t + sin 2t ) / 3 ;

(d) e 3 I 0 (3t 6) H (t 2) ; (e) [e 2 (t 1) e ( t 1) ] H (t 1) + [e 2( t 2 ) e (t 2 ) ] H (t 2) ;

3.

(i) 2 (at sin at ) / a 3 ; (ii) (t a b) H (t a b) ; (iii)

4.

(i) 12 t cos 2t + 14 sin 2t ; (ii) (2t 2 1 + cos 2t ) / 16 ; (iii)

5.

1
(a) y = 130
[13e t 65e t + 98e 3t / 2 20 cos t 30 sin t ] ;

1
64

t 2 (t 2) 2

H (t 2) .
2
2
t (2t cosh 2t sinh 2t ) .

(b) y = e t e 2t + [ 12 + 12 e 2( t 1) e (t 1) ]H (t 1) ;
(c) y = 3J 0 (2t ) ;
(d) y = 12 [sin 2t + sin(2t 6) H (t 3)] ;
(e) y = 5(1 cos t ) + [t 1 2 cos(t 3) sin(t 3)] H (t 3) ;
(f) y = t + cos t sin t + [t + 1 2 cos(t 1) sin(t 1)] H (t 1) .
6.

e b s .

7.

(i) u = 6 exp(3x 2t ) ; (ii) u = 1 + x e t ;

(iii) u = 20 e 27 t cos 3x 5 e 243t cos 9 x ;
(iv) u = u 0 erfc [ x / 2 t ] ; (v) u = 6 e 5t sin x 4 e 8t sin 2 x .
24.10.12