Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 12

Lesson 51. CdmqvO: ~

We have been dealing with the / so far. The rest of the swaras can't
wait to be discussed as well.
These are the rules to follow:
First word
ending in
1.

2.

3.

4.

F/ F&
G/ T
$/ $=

w/%

followed
by

Next word
beginning with
any other swara but for

Results in
=

F/ F&

followed
by

any other swara but for

followed
by

any other swara but for

followed
by

any other swara but for

d
=

G/ T

G/ T changing to
Jd

$/ $=

w/%

F/ F& changing to

$/ $= changing
to jd

w/%

changing

to ud

Then the changed swara of the first word gets added to the swara of the
next word AGAIN to form a new letter.
Here are examples for each of them:

1. l + Skcd
ld + d + Skcd = lkcd ~
2. cv + Dvljcd
cvd + Jd + Dvljcd = cvJvljcd ~
3. Hl= + Fs
Hld + jd + Fs = H$s
4. Imu= + DoM:
Imd + ud + DoM: = ImuoM: ~
The exercises with the CdmqvO: are in Lesson 51 A.
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Lesson 51 A. Exercises with the CdmqvO: ~

mqvO:
1. + =
2. + : =
3. + =
4. + : =
5. + =
6. + : =
7. + =
8. + =
9. + =
10. + =
11. + =
12. + : =

mqvOJso: ~
1. H
2. H$bM:
3. mqOJocd
4. mcjcncd
5. Jm$ClHol
6. FlH
7. O$bM:
8. cOJj:
9. Dlc:
10. HJ&lOv
11. Fl#Hl:
12. YJlJOv

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Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 12

Lesson 51 B. Answers to Lesson 51 A.

mqvO:
1. + = ln ~
2. + : = DvJ: ~
3. + = Flo ~
4. + : = c$jl: ~
5. + = H$% ~
6. + : = cOJj: ~
7. + = lJLx ~
8. + = Dnvnv
9. + = mJilcd ~
10. + =kvvlcd ~
11. + = DHqml ~
12. + : = uk=l: ~

mqvOJso: ~
1. H = o +DH
2. H$bM: = Hl= +DbM:
3. mqOJocd = mO + Focd
4. mcjcncd = mcjc + Dncd
5. Jm$ClHol = Jm$C + GlHol
6. FlH = Fl +DH
7. O$bM: = Ol= +DbM:
8. cOJj: = cO + Dj:
9. Dlc: = Dl + Gc:
10. HJ&lOv = HJ&l + DOv
11. Fl#Hl: = Fl + D#Hl:
12. YJlJOv = YJl + DOv

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Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 12

Lesson 52. Yaantavaantaadesha-sandhi.

vlJvloMmqvO: ~
First word
ending in
1.

2.

3.

4.

S
S
D
D

followed
by

Next word
beginning with
any swara

Results in
=

S changing to
Dd

followed
by

any swara

followed
by

any swara

followed
by

any swara

S changing to
Dd

D changing to
DJd

D changing to
DJd

Then the changed swara of the first word gets added to the swara of the
next word AGAIN to form a new letter.
Here are examples for each of them:

1. nj + Slld
njd + Dd + Slld = njlld
2. v + Dk:
vd + Dd + Dk: = vk:
3. J<C + Slld
J<Cd + DJd + Slld = J<CJlld
4. H + Dk:
Hd + DJd + Dk: = HJk:

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Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 12

Lesson 52 A. Exercises with the vlJvloMmqvO: ~
Do the sandhi for the following:
1. nj S
2. lmc Focd
3. ij DoM
4. yuk Dil
5. J Fn
6. k GHJMvcd
7. Hu Fs
8. <Jn Dl&cd
9. kj Sl
10. Yv Fn
11. vj Goj
12. l Sko

mqvOJso:
1. ijJlmn:
2. yuJpqmJv
3. pvlkC
4. Hus
5. s$JJilJvl

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Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 12

Lesson 52 B. Answers to lesson 52 A.
1. nj + S = nj
2. lmc + Focd = lmcocd
3. ij + DoM = ijJoM
4. yuk + Dil = yukJil
5. J + Fn = Jn
6. k + GHJMvcd = kHJMvcd
7. Hu + Fs = Hus
8. <Jn + Dl&cd = <Jnl&cd
9. kj + Sl = kjJl
10. Yv + Fn = YvJn
11. vj + Goj = vjJoj
12. l + Sko = lJko

mqvOJso:
1. ijJlmn: = ij + Glmn:
2. yuJpqmJv = yu + DpqmJv
3. pvlkC = pv + GlkC
4. Hus = Hu + Fs
5. s$JJilJvl = s$ + DJilJvl

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Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 12

Lesson 53. A Glimpse of Vyanjan Sandhi.
When consonants join the joining bandwagon, we get, what you call, Vyanjan
Sandhi.....J_pv mqvO: ~ One of the most frequently used sandhi is the

~ We can do the rest of the J_pv mqvO: at a later date.

(1 ) Go by these rules:
If a word ends with the first of the five s ( that is : either , ,
, or ) and is the followed by a word beginning with any swara then that
of the first word gets transformed into the third of the same
.
That is :

+ any swara becomes

+ any swara becomes
+ any swara becomes
+ any swara becomes
+ any swara becomes
Then it gets added to the swara of the next word again to form a new letter.
Try the exercises in 53 A.

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Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 12

Lesson 53 A. Further exercises with Sandhi.
1. Do the sandhi of the following:
1. + : =
2. + : =
3. + : =
4. + : =
5. + : =
6. + =
7. + D =
8. + : =
2. Write the present and the past tense forms of these

Ol s + the upasargas.
A good idea would be to go through the upasarga lesson again before you
attempt to do this exercise.
This exercise will help you figure out how the sandhi rules are applied with
the past tense of a dhatu with an upasarga .
Do remember, the D is added to the root dhatu. That means that you will
be adding upasarga + D + dhatu for the past tense. One has been done for
you.
( Try and repeat the entire table to yourself just to hear what the
words sound like....that will help you identify the words whenever you next
hear them.)
The list is long, but for those of you who would like to improve your
vocabulary, it is a treasure trove!
1. + ( to reply) lJol , lJold ( l +D +Jod )
2. + ( to imitate)
3. + ( to repent)
4. + ( to wander)
5. + ( to kill)
6. + ( to cajole)
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Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 12

7. + ( to wear the sacred thread)
8. + ( to bring)
9. + (use it as decide)
10. + ( to act)
11. + ( use it as to wed.)
12. + (to wander)
13. + + (to salute)
14. + ( ) to experience.
15. + to rise
16. + to defeat
17. + to make a journey.
18. + to be in a fix.
19. + to live.
20. + to marry
21. + to massage.
22. + ( = sit ) to be pleased.
23. + ( ) to recall carefully.
24. + to forget.
25. + ( ) to imitate.
26. + to take possession.
27. + to act against someone.
28. + to help
29. + to decorate.
30. + + to remove.
31. + ( to understand)
32. + to rise.
33. + to come
34. + to approach
35. + to follow
36. + + to come together.
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Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 12

37. + to go away.
38. + to go towards.
39. + + to return.

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Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 12

Lesson 53 B Answers to Lesson 53 A.
1. Do the sandhi of the following:
1. + : = JiM: ~
2. + : = oicyj: ~
3. + : = Dpvl: ~
4. + : = moj: ~
5. + : = pioM: ~
6. + = lov ~
7. + D = co ~
8. + : = myvl: ~
2. The present and the past tense forms of these

Ol s + the upasargas.
1. + ( to reply) lJol , lJold ( l +D +Jod )
2. + ( to imitate) Dvjl , DvJjld ~
3. + ( to repent) DvlHl , DvJlHld ~
4. + ( to wander) Jnjl , Jnjld ~
5. + ( to kill) mbnjl , mcnjld ~
6. + ( to cajole) Dvvl , DvJvld ~
7. + ( to wear the sacred thread) GHvl , GHvld ~
8. + ( to bring) Dvl , Dvld ~
9. + (use it as decide) vC&l , vjCld ~
10. + ( to act) DYvl , DYvld ~
11. + ( use it as to wed.) HjCl , H&vld ~
12. + (to wander) HjHll , H&Hlld ~
13. + + (to salute) CHll , CHlld ~
14. + ( ) to experience. DvYJl , DvJYJld ~
15. + to rise GtJl , GoYJld ~
16. + to defeat HjYJl , HjYJld ~
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Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 12

17. + to make a journey. HjYcl , H&Ycld ~
18. + to be in a fix. mcYcl , mcYcld ~
19. + to live. DOJml , DOJmld ~
20. + to marry JJnl , JJnld ~
21. mcd + to massage. mbJnl ,mcJnld ~
22. + ( = sit ) to be pleased. mol , mold ~
23. + ( ) to recall carefully. mbmcjl , mcmcjld ~
24. + to forget. Jmcjl , Jmcjld ~
25. + ( ) to imitate. Dvkjl , DvJkjld ~
26. + to take possession. DOkjl , DOkjld ~
27. + to act against someone. DHkjl , DHkjld ~
28. + to help GHkjl , GHkjld ~
29. + to decorate. lkjl , lkjld ~
30. + + to remove. vjkjl , vjkjld ~
31. + ( to understand) DJisl , DJisld ~
32. + to rise. Godisl , Goisld ~
33. + to come Disl , Disld ~
34. + to approach GHisl , GHisld ~
35. + to follow Dvisl , DvJisld ~
36. + + to come together. mcisl mcisld ~
37. + to go away. vi&sl vjisld ~
38. + to go towards. lisl , lisld ~
39. + + to return. lisl, lisld ~

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Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 12

Summing Up Month 12.
Who said Month 11 had the shortest Summing Up? Month 12 does.
1. Some more Sandhis. Easy too. The difficult ones for much later.

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