DevelopedfromCe.A.S.S.r.l,ItalyandDeepExcavationLLC,U.S.A.

VerificationoftheMobilizedPassiveFactorofSafety. DeepXcavsoftwareprogram(Version2011) (ParatiePluswithinItaly) Version1.0 Issued:12Dec2010 DeepExcavationLLC www.deepexcavation.com

1 EditedfromtheStaffofDeepExcavationLLC.

DevelopedfromCe.A.S.S.r.l,ItalyandDeepExcavationLLC,U.S.A.

VerificationoftheMobilizedPassiveFactorofSafetyforEurocode7casesfor GreeceandGermanDINstandards.
TheEC7adaptationsinGreeceandinGermanyincludeaspecialapproachindeterminingthepassive safetyfactorinthenonlinearanalysis.Inthisapproach,thebasicwallanalysisisperformedwithoutany factors on the active and passive earth pressure factors (Ka and Kp) while the external loads are standardized by the permanent action partial safety factor (1.35 for DA2* in Greece). The analysis is thenperformed,andtheslidingsafetyfactoriscalculatedbysummingalldrivingforcesandapplyingthe appropriate partial safety factors. For this calculation the support reaction is taken as a permanent favorable action while the passive resistance is divided by the favorable resistance safety factor (1.4). Thentheoverallcheck: DrivingforcesxfactorsSupportforcesxfactors<=Resistingforces/Partialsafetyfactor

Thenthepassivemobilizedsafetyfactorisreportedas: FS=(Resistingforces/Partialsafetyfactor)/(DrivingforcesxfactorsSupportforcesxfactors) Thepurposeofthisexample(Figure1)istoprovideverificationcalculationsforthesafetyfactors whensuchacalculationisperformed

Figure1:Model. 2 EditedfromtheStaffofDeepExcavationLLC.

DevelopedfromCe.A.S.S.r.l,ItalyandDeepExcavationLLC,U.S.A. This model includes a diaphragm wall with one level of ground anchors (Figure 1). The example file includes an 8m excavation at the right side of the wall. The soil profile consists of two layers with propertiespresentedinthefollowingTable: Table1:SoilProperties SoilF SoilS1 c(kN/m2) 0.0 0.0 For simplicity in calculations, the hydrostatic pressures are assumed. The calculated water pressure diagramsarepresentedinFigure2. (deg.) 30.0 34.0 (kN/m3) 20 21

Figure2:HydrostaticPressures. ThetotalnetunfactoredHydrostaticforceis605320=285kN/m. Thedrivingpressuresare578.72kPa. Thehorizontalsupportreactionis270.13*cos(20)=253.839kN/m Thetotalsurchargeonthewallis7kN/m. ThevaluesaboveshouldbemultipliedwiththepartialEurocodeFactorspresentedintable2. 3 EditedfromtheStaffofDeepExcavationLLC.

DevelopedfromCe.A.S.S.r.l,ItalyandDeepExcavationLLC,U.S.A. Table2:Eurocode7partialFactors FSDriveEarth FSWater FSVariableLoads So,thetotalDriveforceis: FDrive=FDriveSoil*FSDriveEarth+FHyd*FSWater+Fsurch*FSVLFsupport*FSDriveEarth=> FDrive=578.72*1.35+285*1.35+7*1.5253.839*1.35=833.839kN/m. ThetheoreticalmaximumpassiveresistingpressuresarepresentedinthefollowingFigure: 1.35 1.35 1.5

Figure3:ResistingPressures. ThetotalResistingforceis1836.032kPaanditshouldbedividedbythepartialFactorFSRes=1.4. Thus,FResist=Fres/FSRes=1836.032/1.4=1311.451kPa. ThemobilizedPassiveFactorofSafetyis:FS_Mob.Passive=FResist/FDrive=1311.451/833.839=> FS_Mob.Passive=1.573. 4 EditedfromtheStaffofDeepExcavationLLC.

DevelopedfromCe.A.S.S.r.l,ItalyandDeepExcavationLLC,U.S.A. Figure4showsamodelscreencapturefromDeepXcav.Figures5and6displaythehydrostaticpressures andtheSummaryresultstablewiththecalculatedfactorsofsafety(FS).

Figure4:ModelinDeepXcav.

Figure5:Hydrostaticpressures.

5 EditedfromtheStaffofDeepExcavationLLC.

DevelopedfromCe.A.S.S.r.l,ItalyandDeepExcavationLLC,U.S.A.

Figure6:CalculatedFSinDeepXcav. Inaddition,inFigure7ispresentedthetablewiththeCodefactorsusedinthismodel.

Figure7:Eurocode&Greecefactors. The following section includes the calculation of the FS_Mob.Passive as presented in the Calculation ProgressfileofDeepXcav. 6 EditedfromtheStaffofDeepExcavationLLC.

DevelopedfromCe.A.S.S.r.l,ItalyandDeepExcavationLLC,U.S.A.
Calculatethehorizontalsupportactions(unfactored). *TotalactionsduetosupportsFXsupports=253.98kN/m *LinearloadsonwallfactoredresultsDriveFX.line=0,resistingforceFXres.line=0kN/m *FactoredLoadsonwallduetostriploadsandotherelasticloadsFXstripNET=10.5kN/m *Unfactoredwaterforcecalculations. *WaterforceonleftsideFXwatL=604.462kN/m *WaterforceonrightsideFXwatR=320.041kN/m *NetunfactoredwaterforceFXwatNet=284.421kN/m *Safetycalculationswithpartialfactorsfollow: *FactoredResistingsoilforceFXresist=FXsoil.Unfactored/FS_RES=1840.6kN/m/1.4=1314.714kN/m * Factored driving forces FXdrive = FXdriveSoil x FS_DriveEarth + FXwat x FS_Water + FXline FX.res.line + FX.seismic+FXstripNETFXsupportsNETxFS_DriveEarth=> *FXdrive=578.34x1.35+284.421x1.35+00+0+10.5253.98x1.35=> *FXdrive=832.354kN/m *FS.overall.PassiveMobilized=FXresist/FSdrive=1.58

Table3:Resultcomparison Solution Manuallycalculated DeepXcav Therefore,theprogramcalculationsareverified. FS_Mobilized.Passive 1.573 1.58

7 EditedfromtheStaffofDeepExcavationLLC.