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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Assessment of undiscovered conventionally recoverable petroleum resources of North Africa (including Egypt, Libya, eastern Tunisia, Pelagian shelf, and central Algeria) By James A. Peterson

Open-File Report 82-1056

This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards 'and stratigraphic nomenclature. 1982

Assessment of undiscovered conventionally recoverable petroleum resources of North Africa (including Egypt, Libya, eastern Tunisia, Pelagian shelf, and central Algeria)

By
James A. Peterson ASSESSMENT OF ENERGY RESOURCES This report was prepared as part of the World Energy Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The objective of the study is to assess the undiscovered conventionally recoverable resources remaining within the petroleum producing provinces. The study utilizes geological and petroleum engineering data, in conjunction with statistical techniques, to estimate undiscovered resources by a process involving a team of geologists and statisticians. The estimates represent the views of the U.S. Geological Survey estimation team and should not be regarded as an official Department of the Interior position. Other U.S. Geological Survey publications relating to the assessment of undiscovered conventionally recoverable petroleum resources include the following: Open-File Reports 81-0986 - Persian Gulf basin and Zagros fold belt (Arabian-Iranian basin) 81-1027 - Volga-Ural basin 81-1142 - Indonesia 81-1143 - Northeastern Mexico 81-1144 - Southeastern Mexico, northern Guatemala, and Belize 81-1145 - Trinidad 81-1146 - Venezuela 81-1147 - West Siberia and Kara Sea basins 82-0296 - Middle Caspian basin 82-1027 - East Siberian basin
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The resource assessment for this report was prepared in collaboration with the Resource Appraisal Group of the Branch of Oil and Gas Resources. INTRODUCTION The locations of the North Africa provinces are shown in figure 1. Estimates by the USGS of oil and gas resources in these basins are given in table 1 and figures 2-15. Data supplementary to these estimates are supplied in table 2.

ASSESSMENT AREAS:
II. East Tunisia-Pelagian Shelf-Northwest Libya province V. Nile Delta-Nile basin
> Oil field O

I. Erg Occidental, Erg Oriental, and Hamada basins

III. Sine basin

IV. Cyrenaica Shelf-Western Desert basin Precambrian rocks exposed at surface 0


L ....-4. 4 -^

VI. Suez-Sinai province


Gas field

500
4-^

1000 kilometer*

300

600milo

EXPLANATION Names of fields numbered on figure 1 Erg Occidental basin, Algeria 1. Hassi R 1 Mel Nile Delta, Egypt 30. 31. 32. 33. East Mubarak Abu Qir Abu Madi El Temsah

Erg Oriental basin, Algeria 2. 3. 4. 5. Hassi Messaud Tamendjelt Alrar El Borma

Suez-Sinai province, Egypt 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. Asl Abu Rudeis - Sidri Belaiyra Morgan July

East Tunisia - Pelagian shelf 6. Ashtart

Hamada basin, Libya 7. Hamadah

Sirte basin, Libya 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Mabruk Bahi Dahra-Hofra Hateiba Raguba Ed Dib Sabah Beda, Samah, and Bel Hedan Nasser Waha Defa Intisar - "A" Amal Aguila Abu Tiffel Gialo Messla Sarir

Western Desert basin, Egypt 26, 27 28, 29. Umbarka Meleiha El Alaraein Abu al Gharadig

Table 1. Assessment of undiscovered conventionally recoverable petroleum resources of North Africa (Egypt, Libya, eastern Tunisia, Pelagian shelf, and central Algeria) Resource assessment by USGS as of 7/29/82; see also figures 2 to 15. Crude oil in billions of barrels (BB) Region Low (F95 )i/ High (?5 )-f Mean Natural gas in trillions of cubic feet (Tcf) and billions of barrels of oil equivalent (BBOE) @ 6,000 cuft/bbl, Low (F95 )i/ High (F5 )i/ Mean

I. Erg Occidental, Erg Oriental, and Hamada basins of central Algeria northwest Libya 2.3 II. Eastern Tunisia - Pelagian shelf - northwestern Libya III. Sirte basin, Libya IV. Cyrenaica shelf, Libya - Western Desert basin, Egypt V, Nile Delta Nile basin, Egypt

15.4

7.7

5.6

52.7

25.1

0.8 2.9

7.8 19.3

3.6 9.4

5.9 4.3

42.7 39

20.1 17.7

0.3

4.2

1.7

1.0

12.3

5.2

0.2

2.6 4.7

1.1 2.4

5.8 0.9

41.7 6.8

21.4 3.2

VI. Suez-Sinai province, Egypt 0.8

Total of the above North Africa provinces: 2J 15.3 39.3 25.9 55.6 137.2 92.7

^95 denotes tne 95th fractile; the probability of more than the amount Fg< is 95 percent. ?5 Is defined similarly. 7 Totals are derived by statistical aggregation; only the mean total equals the sum of the component parts.

Assessment date - 07/29/82

Figure 2. North Africa; Erg Occidental, Erg Oriental, and Hamada basins, recoverable oil

^"

2T C ^ H

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ESTI MflTES MERN 7.69 MED I FIN 6.99 95X . 2.30 75X 1.73 50X 6.99 9.87 25X 15.45 5X MODE 5.72 S.D. 4. 16

o: a.

O -

^^
12.5 15.0

""

0.0

2.5

5.0

7.5

10.0

17.5

20.0

22.5

25.0

BILLION BflRRELS RECOVERRBLE OIL

i >

Assessment date - 07/29/82

Figure 3. North Africa; Erg Occidental, Erg Oriental, and Hamada basins, total recoverable gas o

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2:

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ESTI MflTES MEflN 25.08 22.67 MEOIflN 95X 5.59 75X 14.49 22.67 5 OX 32.99 25X 52.73 57. 18.27 MODE S.D. 14.86

OQ CC oa ' CD _ 0

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^

Q_

a:

o .

^
40.0

-~ -48.0

o_

1
56.0

64.0

"..

0.0

8.0

16.0

24.0

32.0

72.0

80.0

TRILLION CUBIC FEET RECOVERRBLE GflS

Assessment date - 07/29/82

Figure 4.--North Africa; East Tunisia-Pelagian Shelf-Northwest Libya province, recoverable oil

cc

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OD "

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O! 21

to

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ESTI MRTES MERN 3.55 hEDIRN 3. 12 9^7. 0.79 1.97 7S7. 507. 3. 12 4.65 257. 7.77 57. 2.36 MODE 2.24 S.O.

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m a: GO o

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5.6 7.0

0 DL.

^ -^8.4

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0.0

1.4

2.8

4.2

9.8

11.2

12.6

14.0

BILLION BflRRELS RECOVERflBLE OIL

Assessment date - 07/29/82

Figure 5.--North Africa; East Tunisia-Pelagian Shelf-Northwest Libya province, total recoverable gas

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ESTII1RTES MERN 20. 1 1 MEOIRN 17.64 5.91 757. 11.74 ill/ ** 17.64 25.68 257. 57. 42.68 MODE 13.41 S.D. 11.94

a: OL
16.0 24.0

O .

^ ._
40.0 48.0

O_

0.0

8.0

56.0

64.0

72.0

80.0

TRILLION CUBIC FEET RECOVERRBLE GflS

I .

Assessment date - 07/29/82

Figure 6. North Africa; Sirte basin, Libya, recoverable oil

21

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V

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vo

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PROBRBILI

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ESTI MflTES MEflN 9.39 MEDIflN 8.37 957. 2.92 5'.67 75X 8.37 50X. 11.97 25X 19.33 5X 6.58 MODE 5.27 S.D.

0.0 0.2 0

1 ,,!,,. i

\ "--,
\
14.0 17.5

~~- .-_
"" ' " . ii in ,

0.0

3.5

7.0

10.5

21.0

24.5

28.0

31.5

35.0

BILLION BflRRELS RECOVERflBLE OIL

Assessment date - 07/29/82

Figure 7.--North Africa; Sirte basin, Libya, total recoverable gas

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ESTI MRTES MERN 17.71 MEDIRN 15.39 95X 4.25 75X -9.80 50X 15.39 25X 23.00 39.00 5X hODE 11.42 S.D. 1 1 . 27

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8.0

16.0

24.0

32.0

40.0

48.0

56.0

64.0

72.0

80.0

TRILLION CUBIC FEET RECOVERflBLE GflS

Assessment date - 07/29/82

Figure 8. North Africa; Cyrenaica shelf-Western Desert, Egypt, recoverable oil

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5.0 4.0 3.0
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ESTII1RTES MERN 1. 68 MEDIRN 1.34 95X. 0.30 752 0.78 50X 1.34 25X 2.18 4.20 5X MODE 0.82 S.D. 1.34

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CD 0

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2.0 6.0 7.0

or a_

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0 -

0.0

1.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

BILLION BRRRELS RECOVERRBLE OIL

Assessment date - 07/29/82

Figure 9.--North Africa; Cyrenaica shelf-Western Desert, Egypt, total recoverable gas

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y

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ESTII1RTES MERN 5.24. MEDIRN 4.41 95X 1.04 75% 2.68 4.41 BOX 6.85 25X. 12.25 5X MODE 3.04 3.70 S.D.

CO CC og ' CD 0

CL

cn

o .

O-

0.0

2.5

5.0

7.5

12.5

15.0

17.5

20.0

22.5

25.0

TRILLION CUBIC FEET RECOVERRBLE 6RS

Assessment date - 07/29/82

Figure 10.--North Africa; Nile Delta-Nile basin, Egypt, recoverable oil

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ESTI MRTES MEflN 1.14 MEDIflN 0.98 95X 0.20 75X 0.59 50X 0.98 1.51 25X 2.63 5X 0.70 MODE 0.79 S.D.

QQ GC CM ' 00 d0 Q Q_ o . .

O-

0.0

0.5

1.0

i.5

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

BILLION BflRRELS RECOVERflBLE OIL

I .

Assessment date - 07/29/82

Figure 11.--North Africa; Nile Delta-Nile basin, Egypt, total recoverable gas

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OE X

f- 0"

LJ

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cr

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rj _ o

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ESTI MflTES MERN 21.43 MEDIflN 20.08 95X 5.79 757. 13.50 20.08 507. 27.87 257. 57. 41.67 MODE 17.50 S.D. 11.12

no a: rg

00 0

xs

C Q_

0 -

^ ^25.0 30.0 35.0

^
40.0

O-

~45.0

- _

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0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

50.0

TRILLION CUBIC FEET RECOVERflBLE GflS

Assessment date - 07/29/82

Figure 12.--North Africa; Suez-Sinai province, Egypt, recoverable oil

1.6

2.1

3.2

4.0

4.8

5.6

BILLION BRRRELS RECOVERABLE OIL

Assessment date - 07/29/82

Figure 13. North Africa; Suez-Sinai province, Egypt, total recoverable gas

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ESTI MflTES MEflN 3.20 MEOIRN 2.81 95X 0.86 75X 1.84 50X 2.81 25X 4.12 6.83 5X MODE 2.15 S.D. 1.93

CD

CD 0 C CL. O .

OC

CM "

^ ^^
5.6

o_.

7.0 8.4 9.8 11.2 12.6 14.0

0.0

1.4

2.8

4.2

TRILLION CUBIC FEET RECOVERRBLE GflS

Assessment date

- 07/30/82

Figure 14. North Africa, total recoverable oil

"N

DRIES'

2: -

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LJ QZ

Q. O

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30.0 36.0 42.0 24.0

>

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ESTII MERN MEDIflN 95X 75X 50Z 25X . 5X ' MODE S.D.

25.81 25.00 15.25 20.62 25.00 30.31 39.26 24.52 7.35

rg " o

Q>

or

^ o .

CD.

0.0

6.0

12.0

18.0

48.0

54.0

60.0

BILLION BflRRELS RECOVERRBLE OIL

Assessment date

07/30/82

Figure 15. North Africa, total recoverable gas

l- :

1 i 0

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liJ or

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ESTII1RTES MERN 92.78 MEDIRN 90.49 95X 55.63 757. 75.32 BOX 90.49 25X 108.43 5X 137.18 89.03 MODE S.D. 25.13

QO CC rsj " CD -

0 C CL.

\\
100,0

0 .

O-

^
80.0 120.0

140.0

__
160.0

0.0 40.0 60.0

20.0

180.0

200.0

TRILLION CUBIC FEET RECOVERflBLE GflS

Table 2. Supplementary and comparative data supporting the resource assessment for North Africa A' Crude Oil (BB) Cumulative production to 7/81 Erg Occidental, Erg Oriental, and Hamada basins Eastern Tunisia - Pelagian shelf- northwestern Libya province Sirte basin Cyrenaica shelf - Western Desert basin Nile Delta - Nile basin Suez-Sinai province Total Measured reserves to 7/81 Erg Occidental, Erg Oriental, and Haraada basins Eastern Tunisia - Pelagian shelf - northwestern Libya province Sirte basin Cyrenaica shelf - Western Desert basin Nile Delta - Nile basin Suez-Sinai province Total 7.5 0.6? 23.3 0.25 + !' 3.5 35.15 50 + + + + _+ JJ I/ ?J !/ ~J 5.5 0.4 13.7 0.15 0 2.5 22.25 5 + + + + + _' I/ ' !/ ./ Natural gas (Tcf)

5+ (est.)

50+ (est.)

Original recoverable resources (ultimate) of the above provinces ~/ Oil Cumulative production Measured reserves Undiscovered resources (mean) Total Total oil and gas - 108+ BBOE 22.25 35.15 25.8 83.20 Gas 5+ 50+ 92.8 147.8+

f ~J ./

Cumulative production and reserves are composited estimates from various s.ources. r Quantity positive but data unavailable. Total estimate, this paper. Does not include an estimate of inferred reserves. 19

COMMENTS

Erg Occidental, Erg Oriental, and Hamada basins Estimate of gas resources is uncertain because of disagreement in published figures on size of the supergiant Hassi R'Mel gas field, which range between 35 and 75 Tcf ultimate recovery. The Erg Occidental basin tends to be gas prone; most of the oil fields occur in the Erg Oriental basin. Widespread Triassic-Jurassic evaporite section is the major seal for most of the important oil and gas fields. A major share (75-85 percent) of the cumulative production and identified oil and gas reserves is from the supergiant Hassi Messaoud oil field (11 BB) and the supergiant Hassi R'Mel gas field (35-75 Tcf). Source rocks for both oil and gas are primarily the Silurian (Gotlandian) graptolite shale beds. However, deeply buried post-Silurian gas source rocks may be present in the western part of the Erg Occidental basin adjacent to the Saharan Atlas flexure. Eastern Tunisia - Pelagian shelf - northwestern Libya province The sedimentary section is very thick, but few pre-Upper Cretaceous tests have been drilled. Available information indicates that no large fields have been discovered as yet, but a large part of the offshore area is not adequately tested. Resource assessment is difficult because of the relatively unknown character of the pre-Tertiary stratigraphic section and the deeper structure. Salt structures are important in the offshore area. Sirte basin Except for the offshore area, the basin is relatively well explored. Indications are that reservoirs will be absent or poorer in offshore area. Potential extists for downdip stratigraphic traps on large structures, including horst blocks. Tertiary reef or carbonate mounds are targets for further exploration.

20

Cyrenalca shelf - Western Desert basin Lack of an evaporite section and other adequate regional seals are unfavorable factors* Lack of widespread mature source rocks may be unfavorable, although Silurian graptolite shale may be present at depth in northwestern Egypt, northeastern Libya, and in the offshore area* Structural history has resulted in many small Mesozoic and Cenozoic basins with irregular and localized distribution of source rocks, seals, and reservoirs. Area is not well known and potential is present for unusual and anomalous petroleum accumulations* Nile Delta - Nile basin The Nile Delta appears to be gas prone, but deeper source rocks may be post-mature because of the high geothermal gradient offshore. Success ratio is relatively high, but field development is minimal, and little information is available on reserve estimates* Suez-Sinai province Potential for stratigraphic traps beneath the salt section is relatively untested. Some difficulty is reported in getting good seismic records beneath the Miocene salt section. Thermal gradient is high, but production so far is almost exclusively oil. Explanations may be related to sapropelic nature of source rocks and insufficient depth of burial for gas. General Offshore area to 1,000 m depth is included in assessments of Egypt, Libya, and Tunisia. Southern Egypt, southern Libya, and southern Algeria are not included in the assessments. These regions are considered to have minimum potential for petroleum resources because of insufficient depth of burial, absence of cap rocks, proximity to extensive outcrops of Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks, and relatively continuous emergence and erosion of the region since middle to late Paleozoic time.

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