Pneumonia is an acute infection that causes inflammation in the lungs and makes it hard for an individual to breathe.

Due to the inflammation, the lung tissue can become filled with fluid which results in a decreased ability for gas exchange to occur. Pneumonia can be caused by a virus, bacteria, or a fungus and can be contracted through droplets in the air. The patient may have a fever, chills, or cough and feel short of breath. The patient may also cough up mucus, feel sick to their stomach, or vomit. The most common form of pneumonia is Community Acquired pneumonia and patients can also contract Hospital Associated pneumonia (Porth, 2011). Pneumonia can be confirmed through a chest x-ray and a blood test. Sputum testing and/or blood cultures can also be done to identify the organism responsible for the infection A patients WBC will more than likely be elevated due to the presence of infection in the body. Lastly, a patients O2 saturation may decrease due to the ineffective airways (in the lungs) due to inflammation caused by the disease process. When teaching patients on strategies to improve their illness, there are several teaching areas that are available, such as; Get plenty of rest. Getting enough sleep will give your body the strength it needs to fight the illness. Take deep breaths and cough several times each hour to loosen up mucus and get it out of your lungs. Wash your hands with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand rub after blowing your nose, using the bathroom and before eating. Cough or sneeze into a tissue or into your elbow or sleeve to help avoid the spread of germs. If you smoke, stop. Ask your healthcare provider about support groups, medications, and other ways to help you quit smoking. Drink several glasses of water a day. Fluids can help thin and loosen up the mucus in your throat and lungs. Eat a balanced diet so your body can work its best and heal quickly. Also, to help prevent further or future infections of pneumonia you can offer this advice to patients; Get a flu vaccine. A flu virus is a common cause of pneumonia; a yearly flu vaccine may help you stay healthy. Get a pneumonia vaccine, it is recommended for patients 65 and older. Don't smoke and avoid other people's smoke. Smoke irritates your lungs and makes it harder for them to fight off infections. Keep your chronic illness under control. Follow your treatment plan and take your medications as prescribed by your physician. Stay active. Even a little exercise may help your lungs fight off infections in the future.