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Sources of Food
Learning Objectives
To know about
food and its need. what animals eatherbivores, carnivores and omnivores. sources of foodplant parts and animal products.
There is an old saying which states, You are what you eat. But what exactly do we eat? The material or substance which we eat is called food. Why do we need food? Let us compare our body to a car. What happens to a car if there is no petrol in its tank? It stops running. Petrol is the fuel which runs the car. Similarly food is the fuel which living organisms require to keep functioning. Organisms require food for the following purposes: to provide energy for various activities of the body for growth and development of the body to protect the body from diseases and keep it healthy for repair of injured body parts for reproduction
What is food?
The material or substance which we eat Substances from which an organism derives energy and materials for growth and development
fruits
1.1.1 Certain Facts about Food There is a lot of variety in the food we eat. We eat different food items at different times of the day. Food eaten at breakfast, lunch and dinner is different. People from different states in India eat different kinds of food.
Fig. 1.2: Food eaten in some of the states
To know more about the varieties of food eaten by us, let us perform the Activity 1.1.
Food items which we eat may consist of a single material or many materials. For example, fruits like banana, apple or mango consist of single material (Fig. 1.3). Think of food items like rice, dal, chapati/roti, kheer and idli. These food items consist of two or more materials (Fig. 1.4). Materials which are used to prepare food items are called ingredients.
Food Ingredients
Materials which are used to prepare food item
Examples of ingredients in some food items Food item 1. Chapati/Roti 2. Rice 3. Dal 4. Vegetable curry 5. Kheer 6. Idli 7. Chicken curry Ingredients Atta (flour) and water Rice grains and water Pulses, water, salt, oil/ghee and spices Vegetable, salt, oil, spices and water Milk, rice and sugar Rice, urad dal, salt and water Chicken, oil/ghee, spices, vegetables and water
S HOT
Classroom Discussion
paneer, spinach, salt, water, oil, spices Fig. 1.4: Food item containing more than one ingredient
tiger
lion
cockroach
crow
11. Cockroach 12. Butterfly 13. Elephant 14. Deer 15. Spider
(c) Omnivorous animals Fig. 1.6: Categories of animals based on food eaten
Based on the food eaten, animals can be classified into three groups or categories: herbivores, carnivores and omnivores (Fig. 1.6). (i) Herbivores or herbivorous animals (Herbi = plant, vore = eater) eat only plants or plant products. Cow, buffalo, horse, deer, goat and elephant are herbivores. (ii) Carnivores or carnivorous animals (Carni = meat, vore = eater) eat other animals. Lion, tiger, dog and jackal are carnivores. (iii) Omnivores or omnivorous animals (Omni = all, vore = eater) eat both plants and animals. Human being, crow, cockroach and squirrel are omnivores.
Key Fact
Some carnivores and omnivores consume dead bodies of animals and thus help to keep the environment clean. Such animals are called scavengers. Examplescrows, vultures and jackals
Producers
Living beings like plants, which can prepare their own food
Different plant parts from which food is obtained are the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, seeds and fruits. Do you know which part of the plant are you eating when you eat potato, cabbage, onion, radish, carrot or mango?
rice wheat
The plant parts which are eaten are called edible parts. For example, the edible part in a mango is the fruit; in onion and potato, it is the stem while in radish and carrot, it is the root, and leaf is the edible part in cabbage. Food Items Obtained from Plants (Fig. 1.7) (i) Cereals (wheat, rice, maize) (ii) Pulses (pea, bean, soyabean, gram, groundnut) (iii) Vegetables (carrot, radish, potato, onion, spinach, cabbage, tomato) (iv) Fruits (banana, apple, mango, grape, orange, pineapple) (v) Sugar (sugarcane) (vi) Oils (mustard, groundnut, coconut, soyabean, cotton seed, sunflower) (vii) Spices (turmeric, chilli, ginger, saunf or fennel, elaichi or cardamom)
apple
sunflower
mango
sugarcane
Let us find out which plant parts provide us these food items (Fig. 1.8). Food from stems
potatoes
onion
ginger
garlic
carrot
radish
turnip
sweet potatoes
spinach
fenugreek
cabbage
mustard
rose
cauliflower
broccoli
corn
wheat
banana
apple
mango
grapes
orange
pineapple
Sprouts Have you ever seen your mother buying sprouted seeds from the market or preparing them at home? How does she prepare them at home? Perform Activity 1.5 to prepare sprouted seeds. Activity 1.5 (process and observe)
To prepare sprouts. Take some dry seeds of gram (chana) or green gram (moong). Soak the seeds in water for a day in a container.
Sprouts/Sprouted Seeds
Small white structures which come out of the seeds Seeds which have germinated
Next day, drain the water completely and leave the seeds in the container for another day. What do you find now? You will find small white structures coming out of the seeds. The seeds have germinated or sprouted (Fig. 1.9).
S HOT
Classroom Discussion
Dairy Products
Products made from milk
1.4.2 Animals as Source of Food A variety of food products are obtained from animals. These include milk and milk products, eggs, meat and honey. Food product
butter cheese
Source Hen (Fig. 1.11), duck Sheep, goat, chicken, fish Honeybees [honey is stored in the beehive (nest of bees; Fig. 1.12)] Cow, buffalo, goat
cream
curd
Milk
Dairy products (Fig. 1.10) are made from milk. Some dairy products are paneer, cheese, butter, ghee and curd.
paneer Fig. 1.10: Milk products
Animals which provide meat and egg are called poultry (Fig. 1.11). Poultry products are rich in proteins.
Mind Scrambler
Unscramble each of the following to form a word or term: (a) ROEDUPCRE _________________ (b) ERHVOBIRE _________________ (c) ARVOCNIER _________________
Fig. 1.11: Hen with eggs
Honey is a sweet liquid produced by honeybees from the nectar (sweet juice produced by flowers). It consists of sugar, water, minerals and enzymes. Honey is stored in beehives.
Answer Orally (Formative Assessment)
1. Define the following: (a) Producers (b) Sprouts (c) Edible (d) Beehive 2. Name the plant parts that are our sources of food. 3. Name four animal products we eat.
DEFINITIONS
Food: The material or substance which we eat Ingredients: Materials which are used to prepare food items Herbivores: The animals which eat only plants Carnivores: The animals which eat only animals Omnivores: The animals which eat both plants and animals Edible parts: The plant parts which are eaten Sprouts: Germinated seeds Poultry: Animals which provide meat and egg
QUICK ROUNDUP
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. All living organisms need food to survive and perform different activities. Plants are called the producers, as they can prepare their own food. Both plants and animals provide food to us. Different plant parts such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers, seeds and fruits provide food. A number of food products like milk, curd, butter, ghee, paneer, eggs, meat and honey are provided by animals.
B. Answer Briefly 1. Mention the variety of food products obtained from animals. 2. Name the ingredients in the following cooked food items: (a) Vegetable rice (b) Chapati/Roti (c) Vegetable curry C. Answer in One Word or a Few Words
C1. Name the parts that we eat in case of the following plants: 1. Radish 2. Carrot 3. Potato 5. Pea 6. Gram 7. Spinach 9. Apple 10. Sugarcane 11. Wheat C2. Give two examples in each of the following case: 1. Poultry 2. Dairy products C3. State whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F): 1. Number of food ingredients in a chapati/roti is two. 2. Cockroaches are omnivores. 3. Plants are herbivores. 4. An elephant is a carnivore. 5. The plant part that is eaten in a potato is the underground root. 6. Curd is an animal product. C4. Fill 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
[ [ [ [ [ [
] ] ] ] ] ]
in the blanks: In case of kheer, the food ingredients are ___________, ___________ and ___________. Idli contains ___________ ingredients. (Mention the number of ingredients.) Crow is an ___________ because it eats ___________ and ___________. Deer is a ___________ as it eats only ___________. A carnivore is an animal which eats ___________. The edible plant part in spinach is the ___________. ___________ and ___________ are foods obtained from roots of plants. Honey is prepared by the bees from the ___________ of ___________. Egg and meat are provided by ___________. Sugar is obtained from the ___________ of ___________. ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________
C5. Give one word for each of the following: 1. Animals that eat only plants 2. Animals that eat both plants and animals 3. Animals that eat only animals 4. An edible root 5. An edible stem 6. An edible leaf 7. Germinated seeds
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C6. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs): Choose the correct answer for each of the following: 1. Herbivores eat (a) animals only. (b) plants only. (c) both plants and animals. (d) dead bodies of animals. 2. Eagle is a (a) carnivore. (b) omnivore. (c) herbivore. (d) scavenger. 3. Which of the following is a carnivore? (a) Horse (b) Goat (c) Dog (d) Deer 4. The plant part eaten in case of radish is (a) stem. (b) root. (c) flower. (d) seed. 5. Bees store _____________ in their beehive. (a) honey (b) eggs (c) curd (d) all of these
Herbivores
1. 2. 3.
1. Lion 2. 3.
1. Human beings 2.
3.
(b)
Food items obtained from plants
Cereals
Fruits
1. 2. 3.
1. Gram 2. 3.
1. Groundnut 2. 3.
1. 2. 3.
1. 2. 3.
B. Field Trip Visit a zoo with your teacher and discuss with the zookeeper what different animals eat. Collect some more information on your own. You can then categorize the animals on the basis of the food eaten. Work in groups. Prepare a presentation and present in your classroom.
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C. Library Research and Project (Pair Work) Collect information on the food culture in different regions of India and hold a discussion in class. Work in pairs and prepare a map of India on a chart paper showing the food culture of different regions. D. Group Discussion
Sufficient food is not available to all people in our country. At the same time, many people waste food. Can you think of ways by which we can avoid wastage of food?
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E. Crossword Puzzle
2 3
Solve the following crossword puzzle with the help of clues given alongside: Across 2. A living being which can prepare its own food (8) 7. Animal eating only plants (9) 9. A milk product (6) Down 1. The substance which we eat (4) 3. Animal that eats other animals (9) 4. Animal that eats both plants and animals (8) 5. Germinated seeds (7) 6. Home of honeybees (7) 8. A milk product (4)
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4 5 6
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Surf to Know More 1. Go to http://www.indianetzone.com/38/history_indian_food.htm to find out the evolution of Indian food habits in different ages such as food in Ancient India, food in Medieval India and food in Modern India. 2. Go to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food#Types_of_food to find more about different types of food. Know the Scientist
M.S. Swaminathan is known as the Father of Green Revolution in our country. He saved the people of India from starvation and famine by developing varieties of rice and wheat with much higher yield than our local varieties.
M.S. Swaminathan
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