BUDAPESTI MSZAKI S GAZDASGTUDOMNYI EGYETEM

BUDAPEST UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMICS

TECHNISCHE UND WIRTSCHAFTSWISSENSHAFTLICHE UNIVERSITT BUDAPEST PTMRNKI KAR

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGENEERING

FAKULTT FR BAUWESEN PTANYAGOK S MRNKGEOLGIA TANSZK

DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGY

LEHRSTUHL FR BAUSTOFFE UND INGENIEUR GEOLOGIE

GUIDE
FOR

MIX DESIGN FOR CONCRETE

Compiled by Dr. A. Erdlyi , Assoc. Prof. Edited by S. Fehrvri, research engineer

2006.

EXAMPLE
for w/c-strength curves for concrete mix design
(tests 1997, Dr. Ujhelyi J. Betonolith K+F Kft.)

water-cement-ratio (kg/kg)

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Rc,28 Cube strength (150 mm), N/mm2 moist cured till 28 days

Informative curves for water-cement-ratio and strength correlation (mixed storage)

(only for mix design before laboratory control test)
Equations for the approximate correlation for cement classes CEM 52,5; CEM 42,5 and CEM 32,5. The four equations render three fields representing the scatter for the three cement grades. Curves have been determined by Dr. J. Ujhelyi leaning on results of a five years period. (See also the attached diagrams with Hungarian inscriptions. The horizontal axe, water-cementratio, is in lg scale. Extract from Dr. Ujhelyis book Betonismeretek[Concrete Science] , printed in BME Editing House, 2005, p 59.)
f c 0 469 exp 3, 2 x0,6 f c 0 406 exp 3,3 x0,63 fc 0 374 exp 3,52 x0,65 fc 0 356 exp 3,93 x0,68

curve d (upper for CEM 52,5): curve c (lower for CEM 52,5 and upper for CEM 42,5): curve b (lower for CEM 42,5 and upper for CEM 32,5): curve a (lower for CEM 32,5): where x = w/c (

kg / m3 ) kg / m3

is the selected water-cement-ratio

Attention 1: mixed cured cubes (150 mm): under water up to 7 days and air dry (laboratory room) storage up to 28 days when tested in air dry condition. Attention 2: well compacted concretes with the maximum air content of 1,5 Vol%, ie. 15 l/m3 is supposed. Higher air content causes drop of strength (abt. -5% for each 1 Vol% air) Attention 3: the results gained from these equations must be multiplied by 0,92 to get strength values according to EN206-1 where continuous moist curing (and testing in wet condition) at 28 days is prescribed.

REN 0,92 Rmixed fc 0

Attention 4: during laboratory control test the consistence, the temperature should be measured and recorded. Air content should be calculated and/or measured. Attention 5: during the compressing strength test compare your crack pattern with the attached typically good or bad (faulty) crack pattern of the EN standard (see on the attached sheet).

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Steps for mix design

1. 2. Select your X exposure class from EN206-1 for your special case. (eg. XC4-XF3 etc.) Look for your cmin cement content and maximal w/c and for the belonging characteristic value of the concrete strength class. (eg. C30/37) Select a dmax and a grading for yourself, and look for the water-demand for a selected consistence and calculate the resulting c (kg/m3) with your w/c (point 2.) Check the strength for your w/c ratio with the appropriate equation, depending on the cement strength class. Even if you apply higher strength cement class than 32,5 and therefore you get higher strength for your w/c ratio you must not apply higher w/c than given in EN table, irrespectively from the higher strength that would be necessary structurally. Durability depends on w/c ratio (ie. porosity) and not on strength, therefore w/c is the deciding factor. With your final c (kg/m3) and w (kg/m3) suppose max 1,5 Vol% air content, calculate the volume of the formers and so the volume of your aggregate totalling in 1000 litre. Calculate the total mass of your aggregate. Your total aggregate should be finally divided into appropriate fractions (percentage for each) rendering the predicted grading curve you need. Make a table giving all the constituents both in kg/m3 and in l/m3. The last one is totalling in 1000 litre and the former one is the calculated body density of your fresh, compacted concrete, if it has about 1,5 Vol% air content. Go to the laboratory and check your mix design. If the consistence is stiffer than the expected one, use plasticizer or a superplasticizer (English denomination also WR = water reducer and HRWR = high range water reducer, respectively). You must not increase your original w/c ratio: DO NOT ADD WATER. If you do not have plasticizer then increase somewhat your cement content and accordingly the water content too, but keeping the water cement ratio constant. (More paste means softer consistence.)

3.

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RECOMMENDED WATER-DEMAND VALUES FOR DIFFERENT AGGRAGATE MASTER CURVES TO BE USED IN CONCRETE MIX DESIGN (Betontechnische Daten, Heidelberg, 1997) Recommended water-demand values (w, kg/m3) for different aggregate master curves to be used in concrete mix design depending also on consistence classes

Aggregate grading Grading and dmax DIN 1045 A 63 A 32 A 16 A8 B 63 B 32 B 16 B8 C 63 C 32 C 16 C8 ~8,1 ~7,5 ~6,6 ~5,6 ~6,9 ~6,2 ~5,7 ~4,9 ~5,7 ~5,3 ~4,8 ~4,3 fines modulus*
(0,063-dmax)

higher water-demand ** KS KP KR 16010 17510 19010 21010 18010 19510 20515 22515 20010 22010 23510 25010

lower water-demand *** KS 9515 KP 12510 KR 14010 15010 17510 20510 16510 18510 20010 22010 19010 21510 22510 23510

12015 14510 13015 15510 14020 17015 15520 19015 13515 16010 14020 17515 15020 18515 17520 20515 14520 18015 16520 20015 18520 21515 20020 23015

10515 13510 12020 15515 15020 18515 11515 14510 13020 16515 14020 18015 17020 2005

13520 17515 16020 19515 17520 20515 18520 21515

*informative only. Calculate the accurate ones from your grading curves. **with less fines (d < 0,125 and 0,25mm resp.) than indicated in master curves, naturally rounded (river sand and gravel) ***too rich in fines, or crushed coarse aggregate (do not use crushed sand) Consistence symbols KS: stiff consistence, C > 1,20, F1 < 34 cm (EN-206-1) KP: plastic consistence, C = 1,19-1,08; F2=35-41 cm (EN-206-1) KR: regular consistence (well pumpable), C=1,07-1,02; F3=42-48 cm (EN-206-1) Choose a consistence class suitable for your site compaction conditions!

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