EASWARI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Format no LP 01 Issue No.02 Issue Date: 28.01.12

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering PLAN Subject Code Subject Title Course/Branch Year/Semester Academic Year Faculty Name AIM: : : : : : : EC2029
Digital Image Processing

LESSON

Total no. of hours given in syllabus Tutorials : 0 Practical Lecture TOTAL : : : 0 45 45

B.E./E.CE IV / VII 2013-2014 Aishwarya C, A.P/ECE

To study the image fundamentals and mathematical transforms necessary for image processing. To appreciate the significance of the various image enhancement techniques. To have an insight on image registration procedures. To understand the image compression algorithms. To learn how to segment and represent images. Topics No. of Refer Page Nos. Periods ence books

S. No.

Unit I : Digital Image Fundamentals OBJECTIVE: To study the basics of Image processing and understand the Human Visual System. To learn how images are digitized and analyze the various 2D transforms of images. 1 Introduction T2 1-10 Image & its terminologies Overview on image enhancement, 1 restoration, analysis & compression Elements of digital image processing systems T1 50-52 Components of Image processing system

 Characteristics 2 Vidicon & Digitalcamera working principles Photoconductive cameras Operation Digital camera CCD & CMOS Sensors Elements of visual perception Structure of the Human eye Image formation in the eye Brightness, contrast, Mach band effect Brightness Luminance or intensity Simultaneous contrast Mach bands Color image fundamentals - RGB, HSI models, hue and saturation Color spectrum Distinguishing colors Chromaticity diagram RGB Color model HSI Color model Conversion between RGB & HSI Image sampling, Quantization, dither Bandlimited images Sampling versus Replication Nyquist rate, Aliasing & Moire effect Lloyd Max & uniform quantizers Compander Pseudorandom noise quantization - dither Two-dimensional mathematical preliminaries Unitary transforms & its properties Basic relationship between pixels 1 R1 13-33

T1 T2 T1 T2

56-60 49-51 60-64 50-57

T1 T2

304-324 65-71

T1 T2

74-84 84-122

T2 T1

134-140 88-91

2D transforms - DFT 1 T2 DFT transform pair Properties Problems 2D transforms - DCT DCT transform pair Properties Problems 9 2D transforms KLT 1 T2 Basis images & transform pair Properties 2D transforms SVD Decomposition Properties Applications Summary of 2D transforms Unit II: Image Enhancement OBJECTIVE: To study how an image is enhanced in spatial and frequency domain. To learn different preprocessing techniques of images. 10 Histogram equalization techniques 1 T1 Overview of spatial & frequency domain methods Concept of Histogram & its processing Equalizing histogram & mathematical 1 T1 analysis 11 Histogram specification techniques 1 T1 Technique of Histogram matching Implementation procedure 12 Noise distributions 1 T1 Types of noise Gaussian, Rayleigh, Uniform & salt and pepper noise. Properties of noise. Estimation of noise parameters 13 Spatial averaging 1 T1 Averaging filters

145-154

163-179

97-99

110-116 116-124

244-252

141-145

 Types of mask Illustration of spatial averaging 14 Directional Smoothing 1 T2 244-246 Spatial Low pass filtering Directional averaging filter for smoothing 15 Median, Geometric mean, Harmonic mean, 1 T1 253-256 Contraharmonic mean filters T2 246-248 Order static & median filters Mathematical formulation of Geometric, Harmonic & Contraharmonic mean filters 16 Homomorphic filtering 1 T1 213-216 T2 259,315 Generalized cepstrum Approach of Homomorphic filtering 17 Color image enhancement 1 T1 330-335 T2 262 Gray level to color transformations Schematic of color image enhancement Unit III : Image restoration OBJECTIVE: To study, how the image restoration is being done and Transformation methods in restoration of images. 18 Image Restoration - degradation model 1 T1 242-244 Mathematical representation of restoration and degradation process Schematic 19 Unconstrained restoration - Lagrange 1 T1 288-291 multiplier and Constrained restoration R1 394-396 Least square minimization problem Mathematical formulation of Unconstrained and Constrained restoration 20 Inverse filtering 1 T1 283-284 Recovering input of system from its output 1 T2 275 Schematic and mathematical insight 21 Removal of blur caused by uniform linear 1 R1 397-403 motion Spatially and temporally variant blurring

 Non stationary signals and noise Power spectrum parameters Noise power ratio Linear combination filters 22 Wiener filtering Wiener filter for non zero mean images Least square error filter Relation with inverse filtering Frequency response Wiener filter for diffraction limited systems 23 Geometric transformations Rubber sheet transformations 24 Spatial transformations Tiepoints Bilinear equations Unit IV : Image segmentation OBJECTIVE: To study how images are segmented into regions. To learn about edge detection algorithms. 25 Edge detection Detection of discontinuities Point & Line detection Gradient operators Formulation of edges 26 Edge linking via Hough transform Local processing Global processing via Hough transform Global processing via graph theoretic techniques 27 Thresholding Role of illumination Basic global Thresholding Basic adaptive Thresholding Optimal global and adaptive Thresholding

T1

284-288

T2

276-284

1 1

T1 T1

292 293-294

T1 T2

589-607 347-357

T1

607-617

T1

617-634

 Use of boundary characteristics for local Thresholding Region Based segmentation Basic formulation Conditions for complete segmentation 29 Region growing Connectivity and adjacency Descriptors Seed regions 30 Region splitting and Merging Quadtree Conditions and procedure for merging Illustration and advantages 31 Segmentation by morphological watersheds basic concepts Morphological watersheds Catchment basin Divide lines Applications 32 Dam construction Flooding Connected components 33 Watershed segmentation algorithm Integer flooding Algorithm efficiency Use of markers UNIT V: Image compression 28 1 T1 634-635

T1

635-637

T1

637-639

T1

639-642

T1

642-644

T1

644-648

OBJECTIVE: To study the image compression methods. To analyze compression techniques for still and motion pictures. 34 Need for data compression 1 Coding redundancy Interpixel redundancy Psychovisual redundancy Fidelity criteria

T1

431-442

35

36

37

38 39

40

41

Variable length coding-Huffman Coding Coding redundancy Algorithm Problems Shift codes, Arithmetic coding Shift up and down symbols Illustration Non block code Arithmetic vs. Huffman coding Arithmetic coding procedure Problems Run Length Encoding 1D run length coding 2D run length coding Vector Quantization Transform coding Transform selection Subimage selection Bit allocation Still Image - JPEG standard JPEG DCT computation & VLC JPEG 2000 algorithm Motion Pictures MPEG Macroblocks Types of encoded frames MPEG 1,2 &4 TOTAL

T1 T2

462-465 480-481

T1

465-468

T1 T2 T2 T1 T1 T1

474-475 481-483 478 489-502 502-508 520-532

1 1 1 1

T1

532-534

45

CONTENT BEYOND SYLLABUS S. No. 1 Topics Basic preprocessing techniques of images in MATLAB. No. of Refer Page Nos. Periods ence books 1 R2 14-37

ASSIGNMENT DETAILS: ASSIGNMENT 1 2D transforms - KLT, SVD ASSIGNMENT 2 Arithmetic & Huffman coding DIFFICULT TOPICS TO BE HANDLED: S.No 1 2 List of Difficult Topics Vector quantization Wiener filtering Teaching Aid used PowerPoint Presentation Group Discussion

TEXT BOOKS T1 Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, Pearson, Second Edition, 2004. T2 Anil K. Jain, Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Pearson 2002. REFERENCES: R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Kenneth R. Castleman, Digital Image Processing, Pearson, 2006. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, Steven Eddins, Digital Image Processing using MATLAB, Pearson Education, Inc., 2004. D, E. Dudgeon and RM. Mersereau, Multidimensional Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference, 1990. William K. Pratt, Digital Image Processing, John Wiley, New York, 2002. Milan Sonka et al, IMAGE PROCESSING, ANALYSIS AND MACHINE VISION, Brookes/Cole, Vikas Publishing House, 2nd edition, 1999.

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