Figured Rake Receiver Performance of Parallel Interference Cancellation Multiuser Detection Using BPSK Modulation

Sri Wahyuni1, Aries Pratiarso3 ,Yoedy Moegiharto2 Student of Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya, Lecturer Telecommunication Engineering2,3 Telecommunication Engineering, Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Kampus ITS, Surabaya 60111 Email : yunie@student.eepis-its.edu d as input will be use in this system is input random binary bit (1 and 0). Bit numbers will be transmitted for system testing are 10000 bits. 2.2 BPSK Modulation In this final project, use BPSK modulation. Data binary signal were received and change in 1, -1. In table 1-1 look 2 condition input bit. Table 1 validity table BPSK condition Binary Input Output Phase Logic 0 1800 Logic 1 00 Signal output after modulation process has logic 1 bit data, on mathematical equation will be printed: ( ) ( ) .(1) In logic 0 bit data, on mathematical equation will be printed: ( ) ( ).(2) 2.3 Spreading Process Spreading is process data by means of multiplying the encoding of data with a particular code. At the end of this project, the code used was Gold codes 31. The Gold codes obtained from the XOR (modulo 2 adding) the maximum two pieces the same length squence (factor). The result of multiplying the data signals to the user with code c to n subcarrier can be printed : yn= .....................................(3) the results output input data bit that has been multiplied by the processing gain is spreading code is a row of chips. 2.4 Transmission process The Canal is the path between the transmitter and the receiver. The channel used in this final project is AWGN and Rayleigh fading channel. 2.4.1 Kanal AWGN A canal awgn namely canal ideal having only noise awgn ( additive white gaussian noise ) that ordinary denoted by n2.n ( t ). To input signal complex, blok channel awgn deals eb / n0, ice / n0, and snr based on an equation will be printed[9]: Es/N0=(Tsym/Tsamp)SNR ).........................(4) Es/N0=Eb/N0+10log10(k) dalam dB ..............(5) With -. Es = Energy Signal (Joule) -. Eb = Energy Bit (Joule) -. No = power spectral density of the noise (Watt/Hz) -. Tsym = symbol period parameter block in Es 1

ABSTRACT In this final project, will be observation about BER (Bit Error Rate) as SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) function to Rake Receiver Performance of Parallel Interference Cancellation Multiuser Detection (MUDPIC). Modulation technique will be use BPSK modulation certain user`s number in environment that influence by AWGN and Rayleigh fading channel. Using PN-Code Gold Code 63, user`s numbers maximum are 25, stage`s numbers are 10. System testing to do with BER value is 10-3. In this value, rake receiver with MUD-PIC have perform 2 dB better than CDMA system without rake receiver, and more than stage on MUD-PIC, perform system is getting better. Else, parameter user number influence system performance after system unto BER value is 10-3.

1. INTRODUCTION On CDMA system there are multiple access Interference (MAI), which less number of active users as effect Rayleigh channel. It can influence characteristic from spreading code orthogonallity. To remove MAI effect use Multiuser Detection. Multipath fading cause interference concern transmitted signal for transmitter to the receiver so receive signal which damage and weak signal. To raised quality of signal use a rake receiver with maximal ratio combining technique (MRC). In this final project, will be learn about performance rake receiver on system Parallel interference Cancellation multiuser detection (PIC-MUD) use BPSK modulation. 2. SYSTEM PLANNING AND SUPPORTING TEORY System planning in this final project will be show in ensuing diagram system block :
BPSK modulati on
Spreading Process

Data Input

AWGN & Rayleigh Fading channel Despreadi ng process

Data Output

Demodulati on procces

Rake receiver and MUD PIC

Figure 1 diagram system block 2.1 Input Generation

-. k = the number of bits of information per symbol input -. Tsam = sample time in seconds 2.4.2 Kanal Rayleigh Fading Signal amplitude fluctuations is Fading rapidly in a period of time due to the receipt of two or more of the same by the signal receiver (delay spread signal) due to the large number of signal paths (multipath propagation). Rayleigh fading can be determined by the equation below: h=hre +jhim...................................................(6) with: the hre and jhim has Gaussian distribution with mean value =0. The Magnitude | h | probability functions ( ) ( )...........................(7) System are the canal made by rayleigh awgn fading, and noise so can notated: r(t) = S(t)q(t) + n(t)........................................(8) with n(t) = the AWGN noise affect the data. S(t) = Data is sent r(t) = A symbol of a signal that dkirim after going through a canal q(t) = Rayleigh fading 2.5 Receiver on CDMA On receivers cdma, data input shaped received signals r ( t ) after through kanal ( awgn and rayleigh fading ). Simpely, receiver cdma be divisible into two blocks namely blok demodulate and dispreading processes. Signal is Despreading on PIC bpsk
sent Rake

Gambar 3 diagram block system of rake receiver Following from the picture, input from the receiver will be process with multiply spreading code and delay then multiply with received signal. This process called with correlator or finger`s rake receiver. And this final project use maximum 6 finger. Each finger will be sum all of fingers. Then data ready to process in MUD PIC. 2.7 MUD-PIC Parallel interference cancellation ( PIC ) included in non linear multiuser detection, and can obtain an increase in the achievement of that real use calculation by complexity lower and with the process of a delay which is brief. The process of signals on PIC block on the side of a receiver is as follows
Output from rake receiver The regenerate / despreading signal by pn-code The reduction of signals are received by summation all an unwanted signal

Gambar 2 CDMA receiver system flowchart 2.6 Despreading Process on Rake Receiver In the process, despreading a row of chips data will be multiplied ( c ) with xor chip ( ) [ ] in accordance with a chip on transmitter. If ortogonalitas between the transmitter and receiver perfect, then chips will revert to being bit-bit data. However, if not matched; will remain chip, that is interference for the data. Thus, if there is n kinds of combination chip- spreading code with k the number of users, hence this process can printed with ( ) ( )) ( ...........(10) Relationship between rake receiver and dispreading representation from picture below

The decision logic signal be 1 (the above level 0) or-1 (level below 0)

Signal integration in the form of bits

The process of decoding the signal process results beforehand

Figure 4 MUD system flowchart PIC 1. Based on the output of rake receiver, in the finished project is the recipient by cdma, adjudged signal amplitude level on all users in parallel. 2. Do regenerate process/respreading every user by multiplying signals received by each of the PN code in accordance with the PN code in transmitter. 3. Reduce the received signal by summation all signals results spreading needed. For example, if you want to get a signal from user1, then all the signal results spreading, except signal user1 will totaled to be subtracted to the received signal r ( ttb ). This process done to all user in parallel. 4. Signal then through matched filter bank ( mfb ) for multiplied by pn code so revert back to the bit and then decided level, to level above 0 become a while for level below 0 be -1. 2

When the output signal was not satisfactory, and similar process performed on the stage with input and output signal first stage. Pic process performed recurrently for some stage to the desired signal good. This end, in a project the pic maximum stage is 3 stages. For stage ke-m, output PIC will be printed:
m 1 yk r ki y im
K i 1 ik

..................................(11) with r is input signal, whereas y is Representation user signals 2.8 BPSK Demodulation In this process the data sent to get the data for each channel is modulated as it was before the data input of binary 1 and 0.
A

START Input Bit= 10.000,20.000 Subcarrier=7,31,63 Jumlah User SNR (dB) Generate PN code

for For aa=1: aa=1:length(S length(SN NR) R) Penambahan Kanal

3. MANUFACTURE OF SYSTEMS OF, RESULTS TESTING AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Manufacture of systems System simulation created using MATLAB R2007b software based on the flowchart in Figure 9 3.2 Testing systems and discussion 3.2.1 Testing systems and discussion with stages number parameter Will next done testing system for parameters stage pic different. Staging maximum used is 3 stages. Users were used consist of 20 with input bits 5 * 10-4. After snr db, 5 performance the system with pic better than performance system without pic. Snr on 25 db, system without pic produce yell 1,57 * 10 -3. In worth snr the same, the system with pic on stage first produce yell 10,75 * 10-4, the second stage having value yell 9 * 10-4 and Having value in third 9.5 * 10-4. Second and third stage performance pic having nearly the same. Through Figure 7 can be known that for systems without MUD-PIC, 10-3 BER values achieved in the SNR. The same values are achieved by the system with the MUD-PIC stage first on SNR 25.

for For s=1:user s=1:user

Spreading on Rake receiver

BPSK Modulation

MUD PIC 3 stage

Spreading Data

BPSK Demodulation

Output bit digital

Figure 6 Comparison the performance of the system at every stage pic 3.2.3 Testing systems and discussion with users number parameter Testing last done with parameters amount user. Performance system to be observed when the number of user 2, 5 and 9. The number of bits emitted is 10 ^ 5.

Error=|bit input-bit output|

Hitung BER= Error/ jumlah bit

Plot BER

END

Figure 5 A flowchart making the system with matlab simulation program 2.9 Calculation Error Next determined the value of bits error rate ( different shapes and name ) based on the value of signal bearing to noise ( snr ) and by computation the number of bits error. The value of different shapes and name is then plot on a graph comparison snr and different shapes and name. 3

Figure 7 Comparison with a different system performance user

The performance of -CDMA system MUDPIC for number of users 2, 3 and 9 can be observed in Figure 9. Before the system reaches the value of 10 -3, with the number of users has not effect on system performance. Once it reaches the value of 10 -3, the system shows the changes to the parameter number of the user. The system with the user number 2 has better performance than systems with a number of user 5 or 9. Then after reaching a value of 10-4, the system performance the by the user 5 better than systems with user 9. On the value of SNR 25, systems with user number 2 has a BER 8.1 * 10-4, by the number of system users have malformed 8.9 5 * 10-4 and by the number of system users have BER 9 9 * 10-4. 4. CLOSING 4.1 Resume Based on the system testing and discussions on chapter, previously the conclusion can be taken as follows: 1. The number of users that a system of MUD-CDMA MUD-PIC effect on system performance. On the value of a 10-3, with the number of users the system 5 has the performance of 1.25 dB better than the system with the user number 15. At the same time, a value system with a number of user 15 performance 1.25 dB better than the system with the user number 25. 4.2 Suggestions There are some suggestions for the development of this final task, among others: 1. The simulation system can be made cdma mudpic with modulation psk another, as qpsk, 8psk or 16psk. 2. Make simulation system using another, a programming language as Java, C++, etc. 3. Can be performed comparison with the system of cdma mud-sic system performance. 5. BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] TS 25.213. UMTS; spreading and modulation (FDD). Technical report, 3 GPP technical Specification, June 2001. Version 4.1.0. [2] F. Adachi et. Al., Broadband CDMA Techniques, IEEE Wireless communications, vol. 12, no.2, pp. 8-18, Apr. 2005. [3] N.Anand Ratnesh, K.Balaji, J.V.Suresh, L.Yogesh, B.Anil Babu Performance Analysis of DS-CDMA Rake Receiver Over AWGN Channel for Wireless Communication International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), MayJune 2012. [4] Tommi Heiikkila, Rake Receiver, Postgraduate Course in Radio Communication, autumn 2004. [5] K. R Shankar Kumar dan A. Chockalingan, Parallel Interference Cancellation in Multicarrier DS-CDMA Systems, IEEE Transactions 2004. [6] Zhanyun Duan, Tobias Hidalgo Si\titz, Performnace Analysis of Parallel Interference Cancelation Detector in Downlink MC-CDMA 4

Systems, Proceddings of the 6th Nordic Signal Processing Symposium, NORSIG 2004. [7] R. Gomathi, A.K Gnanasekar, V.Nagarajan, Performance Analysis Using Adaptive Decision for Parallel Interference Cancellation Receiver in Asynchronous Multicarrier DS-CDMA Systems, Intenational Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) March 2012. [8] Saretta Nathaniatasha Prawindrijo, Analisa Kinerja Kode Konvolusi pada Sistem Parallel Interference Cancellation Multi Pengguna aktif Detection CDMA dengan Modulasi Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Berbasis Perangkat Lunak, Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember. [9] Feng Liu, Parallel Interference Cancellation Multiuser Detectors For DS-CDMA Communication Systems, The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulllment, 2006. [10] Modul Praktikum Elektronika Telekomunikasi 2010 Jurusan Teknik Elektro Fakultas Teknologi Iindustri Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung. [11] Dwi Darmi Sadiyahti, Kinerja Parallel Interference Cancellation Multiuser Detection Multicarrier CDMA dengan Modulasi m-QAM, Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.