BRIAN SPEED KEITH GORDON KEVIN EVANS

This high quality material is endorsed by Edexcel and has been through a rigorous quality assurance programme to ensure it is a suitable companion to the specification for both learners and teachers. This does not mean that the contents will be used verbatim when setting examinations nor is it to be read as being the official specification a copy of which is available at www.edexcel.org.uk This book provides indicators of the equivalent grade level of maths questions throughout. The publishers wish to make clear that these grade indicators have been provided by Collins Education, and are not the responsibility of Edexcel Ltd. Whilst every effort has been made to assure their accuracy, they should be regarded as indicators, and are not binding or definitive.

William Collins dream of knowledge for all began with the publication of his first book in 1819. A self-educated mill worker, he not only enriched millions of lives, but also founded a flourishing publishing house. Today, staying true to this spirit, Collins books are packed with inspiration, innovation and a practical expertise. They place you at the centre of a world of possibility and give you exactly what you need to explore it. Collins. Do more.

Published by Collins An imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers 7785 Fulham Palace Road Hammersmith London W6 8JB Browse the complete Collins catalogue at www.collinseducation.com HarperCollinsPublishers Limited 2006 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN-13: 978-0-00-721560-7 ISBN-10: 0-00-721560-6 The author asserts his moral right to be identified as the author of this work. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written consent of the Publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data. A Catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Commissioned by Marie Taylor, Vicky Butt and Michael Cotter Project managed by Penny Fowler Edited by Joan Miller and Peta Abbott Additional proof reader: Ruth Burns Indexer: Dr Laurence Errington Internal design by JPD Cover design by JPD Cover illustration by Andy Parker, JPD Page make-up by Gray Publishing Page make-up of Really Useful Maths! spreads by EMC Design Illustrations by Gray Publishing, EMC Design, David Russel, Lazlo Veres, Lisa Alderson, Roger Wade Walker, Bob Lea, Peter Cornwell, Martin Sanders and Peters and Zabranksy Production by Natasha Buckland Printed and bound in Italy by Eurografica SpA

Acknowledgements With special thanks to Lynn and Greg Byrd The Publishers gratefully acknowledge the following for permission to reproduce copyright material. Whilst every effort has been made to trace the copyright holders, in cases where this has been unsuccessful or if any have inadvertently been overlooked, the Publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. Edexcel material reproduced with permission of Edexcel Limited. Edexcel Ltd accepts no responsibility whatsoever for the accuracy or method of working in the answers given.

Grade bar photos 2006 JupiterImages Corporation and Photodisc Collection / Getty Images 2006 JupiterImages Corporation, p1, p22 Main, p23 Middle and BR, p49, p67, p95, p143, p167, p195, p213, p257, p275, p299, p327, p355, p427, p453, p473, p483, p523, p549 Bernd Klumpp / Istock, p22 TL Karen Town / Istock, p22 TR David Wall / Alamy, p22 BL Neale Haynes/Buzz Pictures, p23 TL Christian Kretz / Istock, p22 TR PCL / Alamy, p119 Images Etc Ltd / Alamy, p225 Dave Roberts / Istock, p373 Michal Galazka / Istock, p505 Agence Images / Alamy, p539

CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Answers Index Basic number Fractions Negative numbers More about number Perimeter and area Statistical representation Basic algebra Further number skills Ratios, fractions, speed and proportion Symmetry Averages Percentages Equations and inequalities Graphs Angles Circles Scale and drawing Probability Transformations Constructions Units Pie charts, scatter diagrams and surveys Pattern Surface area and volume of 3-D shapes Quadratic graphs Pythagoras theorem 1 25 49 67 95 119 143 167 195 213 225 257 275 299 327 355 373 397 427 453 473 483 505 523 539 549 563 599

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Welcome to Collins GCSE Maths, the easiest way to learn and succeed in Mathematics. This textbook uses a stimulating approach that really appeals to students. Here are some of the key features of the textbook, to explain why.
Each chapter of the textbook begins with an Overview. The Overview lists the Sections you will encounter in the chapter, the key ideas you will learn, and shows how these ideas relate to, and build upon, each other. The Overview also highlights what you should already know, and if youre not sure, there is a short Quick Check activity to test yourself and recap.

Maths can be useful to us every day of our lives, so look out for these Really Useful Maths! pages. These double page spreads use big, bright illustrations to depict real-life situations, and present a short series of real-world problems for you to practice your latest mathematical skills on.

Each Section begins first by explaining what mathematical ideas you are aiming to learn, and then lists the key words you will meet and use. The ideas are clearly explained, and this is followed by several examples showing how they can be applied to real problems. Then its your turn to work through the exercises and improve your skills. Notice the different coloured panels along the outside of the exercise pages. These show the equivalent exam grade of the questions you are working on, so you can always tell how well you are doing.

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Every chapter in this textbook contains lots of Exam Questions. These provide ideal preparation for your examinations. Each exam question section also concludes with a fully worked example. Compare this with your own work, and pay special attention to the examiners comments, which will ensure you understand how to score maximum marks.

Throughout the textbook you will find Puzzles and Activities highlighted in the green panels designed to challenge your thinking and improve your understanding.

Review the Grade Yourself pages at the very end of the chapter. This will show what exam grade you are currently working at. Doublecheck What you should now know to confirm that you have the knowledge you need to progress.

Working through these sections in the right way should mean you achieve your very best in GCSE Maths. Remember though, if you get stuck, answers to all the questions are at the back of the book (except the exam question answers which your teacher has). We do hope you enjoy using Collins GCSE Maths, and wish you every good luck in your studies! Brian Speed, Keith Gordon, Kevin Evans

ICONS

You may use your calculator for this question

You should not use your calculator for this question

Indicates a Using and Applying Mathematics question

Indicates a Proof question