Ch.04 Force System Resultants

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Engineering Mechanics Statics
4.01
Force System Resultants
4.02
04. Force System Resultants
Chapter Objectives To discuss the concept of the moment of a force and show how to calculate it in two and three dimensions To provide a method for finding the moment of a force about an axis To define the moment of a couple To present methods for determining the resultants of nonconcurrent force systems To indicate how to reduce a simple distributed loading to a resultant force having a specified location
HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Nguyen Tan Tien
Nguyen Tan Tien
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1. Moment of a Force Scalar Formulation - The moment of a force about a point provides a measure of the tendency for rotation (sometimes called a torque)
1. Moment of a Force Scalar Formulation - Magnitude = - Direction
= =
= = 0
- Resultant Moment
+ ()= :
HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
( )= 11 22 + 33
Nguyen Tan Tien
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1. Moment of a Force Scalar Formulation - Example 4.1 For each case illustrated in determine the moment of the force about point Solution
the
figure,
1. Moment of a Force Scalar Formulation - Example 4.1 For each case illustrated in determine the moment of the force about point Solution
the
figure,
= 100 2 = 200
= 60 1450 = 42.4
= 50 0.75 = 37.5 = 7 (4 1) = 21.0 = 40 (4 + 2300) = 229

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien
2/13/2013
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2. Cross Product The cross product of two vectors = - Magnitude = , = - Direction Specified by the right-hand rule curling the fingers of the right hand from vector (cross) to vector , the thumb points in the direction of
2. Cross Product - Laws of Operation Commutative law
Multiplication by a scalar = = = Distributive law + = ( ) + ( )

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien
Nguyen Tan Tien
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2. Cross Product - Cartesian Vector Formulation
3. Moment of a Force-Vector Formulation - The moment of a force about point = - Magnitude = = = - Direction Determined by the right-hand rule as it applies to the cross product

Nguyen Tan Tien
Nguyen Tan Tien
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3. Moment of a Force-Vector Formulation - Principle of Transmissibility = 1 = 2 = 3 - Cartesian Vector Formulation

= =
3. Moment of a Force-Vector Formulation - Resultant Moment of a System of Forces = ( )
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3. Moment of a Force-Vector Formulation - Example 4.3 Determine the moment produced by the force about point . Express the result as a Cartesian vector Solution = 12 = = 4 + 12 = = 2 (4 + 12) (12) 42 + 122 + (12)2
3. Moment of a Force-Vector Formulation - Example 4.4 Two forces act on the rod, determine the resultant moment they create about the flange at . Express the result as a Cartesian vector Solution = 5 = 4 + 5 2 = = 1 + 2 0 5 0 + 4 5 2 60 40 20 80 40 30 = 30 40 + 60 =
= 0.4588 + 1.376 1.376 = 0 0 12 0.4588 1.376 1.376 = 16.5 + 5.5 =

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4. Principle of Moments (Varignons Theorem) - The moment of a force about a point is equal to the sum of the moments of the components of the force about the point
= = 1 + 2 = 1 + 2 For two-dimensional problems = =

4. Principle of Moments (Varignons Theorem) - Example 4.6 Determine the moment of the force about point Solution 1 = 3 750 = 2.898 = = 5 2.89 = 14.5 Solution 2 + = = 5450 3300 5450 3300 = 14.5 = 14.5
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4. Principle of Moments (Varignons Theorem) Solution 3

+ = = 5750 = 14.5 = 14.5
4. Principle of Moments (Varignons Theorem) - Example 4.6 Force acts at the end of the angle bracket, determine the moment of the force about point
Solution 1 + = 400300 0.2 400300 0.4 = 98.6 = 98.6
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4. Principle of Moments (Varignons Theorem) - Example 4.6 Force acts at the end of the angle bracket, determine the moment of the force about point
Fundamental Problems - F4.1 Determine the moment of the force about point
Solution 2 = 0.4 0.2 = 400300 400300 = 200 346.4 = = 0.4 0.2 0 = 98.6 200.0 346.4 0
Nguyen Tan Tien HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien
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Nguyen Tan Tien
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Fundamental Problems - F4.5 Determine the moment of the force about point . Neglect the thickness of the member
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5. Moment of a Force about a Specified Axis
- Scalar Analysis
= =
- Vector Analysis = 0 = ( )
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- The moment of about a axis = ( ) = ( + + ) = + ( ) = ( ) = =

5. Moment of a Force about a Specified Axis - Example 4.7 Determine the resultant moment of the three forces 1 60 , 2 50 , 3 40 about the ,, axes Solution = 1 1 + 2 2 + 3 3 = 60 2 + 50 2 + 0 = 220 and = 0 50 3 40 2 = 230 = 0 + 0 40 2 = 80
, , : ,, components of the unit vector of axis , , : , , components of the position vector extended from any point on the axis to any point on the line of action of the force : ,, components of the force vector
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, ,
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5. Moment of a Force about a Specified Axis - Example 4.8 Determine the moment produced by the force , which tends to rotate the rod about the axis Solution =
where 0.4 + 0.2 = 0.42 + 0.22 = 0.8944 + 0.4472 is directed from any point on the axis to any point on the line of action of , such as: , , , , choose = = 0.6 = 300 =
5. Moment of a Force about a Specified Axis = 0.8944 + 0.4472 = 0.6 = 300 = 0.8944 0.4472 0 = 0.6 0 0 0 0 300 = 80.5
Expressing as a Cartesian vector = = 80.50 0.8944 + 0.4472 = 72.0 + 36.0 ()
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5. Moment of a Force about a Specified Axis - Example 4.9 Determine the magnitude of the moment of force about segment of the pipe assembly Solution = where 0.3 + 0.4 = = 0.6 + 0.8 0.32 + 0.42 = = 0.5 + 0.5 = 0.4 0.4 + 0.2 = 300 0.42 + (0.4)2 +0.22 = = 200 200 + 100
= 0.6 + 0.8
= 0.5 + 0.5 = 200 200 + 100 = 0.6 0.8 0 = 0.5 0 0.5 200 200 100 = 100 Expressing as a Cartesian vector = = 100 0.6 + 0.8 = 60.0 + 80.0 ()
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Fundamental Problems - F4.13 Determine the magnitude of the moment of the force = 300 200 + 150 () about the axis. Express the result as a Cartesian vector
Fundamental Problems - F4.14 Determine the magnitude of the moment of the force = 300 200 + 150 () about the axis. Express the result as a Cartesian vector
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Fundamental Problems - F4.15 Determine the magnitude of the moment of the 200 force about the axis
Fundamental Problems - F4.16 Determine the magnitude of the moment of the force about the axis
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Fundamental Problems - F4.17 Determine the magnitude of the moment of the force = 50 40 + 20 () about the axis. Express the result as a Catersian vector
Fundamental Problems - F4.18 Determine the magnitude of the moment of force about the , , axes. Use a scalar analysis
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6. Moment of a Couple - A couple: two parallel forces that have the same magnitude but opposite in direction separated by a perpendicular distance
6. Moment of a Couple - Scalar Formulation = - Vector Formulation = - Equivalent Couples
- A couple moment: the moment produced by a couple = + = =

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6. Moment of a Couple - Resultant Couple Moment =
6. Moment of a Couple - Example 4.10 Determine the resultant couple moment of the three couples acting on the plate
Solution + = :
= 1 1 + 2 2 3 3 = 200 4 + 450 3 300 5 = 950 = 950

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6. Moment of a Couple - Example 4.11 Determine the magnitude and direction of the couple moment acting on the gear
6. Moment of a Couple
Note
Solution + = : or + = :
= 600300 0.2 600300 0.2 = 43.9 = 600300 0.2 600300 0.2 = 43.9
Nguyen Tan Tien
The same result can also be obtained using = : the perpendicular distance between the lines of action of the couple forces
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6. Moment of a Couple - Example 4.12 Determine the couple moment acting on the pipe. Segment is directed 300 below the plane
6. Moment of a Couple It is easier to take moments of the couple forces about a point lying on the line of action of one of the forces, e.g., point A
Solution 1 = 25 + 25 = 8 25 + (6300 + 8 6300 ) 25 = 200 129.9 + 200 = 130 ()

In this case the moment of the force at is zero, so that = 25 = (6300 6300 ) 25 = 130 ()
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6. Moment of a Couple Solution 2
6. Moment of a Couple - Example 4.13 Replace the two couples acting on the pipe column by a resultant couple moment
Taking moments of the forces about either point or point = = 25 6300 = 25 5.196 = 129.9 Applying the right-hand rule, acts in the direction, thus = 130 ()
Solution 1 = = 150 0.4 = 60 1 = 60 4 3 2 = = 0.3 125 125 = 22.5 + 30 5 5 = 1 + 2 = 60 + 22.5 + 30 ()

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Fundamental Problems - F4.19 Determine the resultant couple moment acting on the beam
Fundamental Problems - F4.20 Determine the resultant couple moment acting on the triangular plate
Nguyen Tan Tien
Nguyen Tan Tien
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Fundamental Problems
- F4.21 Determine the magnitude of so that the resultant couple moment acting on the beam is 1.5 clockwise
Fundamental Problems - F4.22 Determine the couple moment acting on the beam
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Fundamental Problems - F4.23 Determine the resultant couple moment acting on the pipe assembly
Fundamental Problems - F4.24 Determine the couple moment acting on the pipe assembly and express the result as a Cartesian vector
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7. Simplification of a Force and Couple System - System of Forces and Couple Moments = = +
7. Simplification of a Force and Couple System - Example 4.14 Replace the force and couple system by an equivalent resultant force and couple moment acting at point Solution Force summation
+ = 3300 + 5 = 5.598
+ = 3300
3 5 4 5 5
If the force system lies in the plane and any couple moments are perpendicular to this plane, then the above equations reduce to the following three scalar equations = , = , = +
= 6.50 = 6.50 Moment summation + = 3300 0.2 3300 0.1 3 4 + 50.1 50.5 40.2 5 5 = 2.46 = 2.46
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7. Simplification of a Force and Couple System Summation

+ = 3300 + 5 5 = 5.598 3
+ = 6.50 = 6.50 + = 2.46 Using the Pythagorean theorem =

2
7. Simplification of a Force and Couple System - Example 4.15 Replace the force and couple system acting on the member by an equivalent resultant force and couple moment acting at point Solution Force summation
+ = 5 500 = 300 = 300 3 4
+ = 5 500 750 = 350 = 350 Moment summation + = 5 500 2.5 5 500 1 750 1.25 + 200 = 37.5 = 37.5 and = 3002 + 3502 = 461, = 1 300 = 49.40
= 5.5982 + 6.502 = 8.58 Its direction 6.50 1 = 1 = 49.30 = 5.598

350
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7. Simplification of a Force and Couple System - Example 4.16 The structural member is subjected to a couple moment and forces 1 and 2 . Replace this system by an equivalent resultant force and couple moment acting at its base, point Solution 1 = 800 2 = 300 = 300 0.15 + 0.1 = (0.15)2 +0.12 = 249.6 + 166.4 4 3 = 500 + 500 = 400 + 300 5 5
7. Simplification of a Force and Couple System Force summation = = 1 + 2 = 800 249.6 + 166 = 250 + 166 800 () Moment summation = +
= + 1 + 2 = 400 + 300 + 800 + 0.15 0.1 1 249.6 166.4 0 = 166 650 + 300 ()
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Fundamental Problems - F4.25 Replace the loading system by an equivalent resultant force and couple moment acting at point
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8. Further Simplification of a Force and Couple System - Concurrent force system: the system in which the lines of action of all the forces intersect at a common point
8. Further Simplification of a Force and Couple System - Coplanar force system
= = =
= = = /
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8. Further Simplification of a Force and Couple System - Parallel force system
8. Further Simplification of a Force and Couple System
= =
= = /
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8. Further Simplification of a Force and Couple System - Reduction to a wrench
8. Further Simplification of a Force and Couple System - Example 4.17 Replace the force and couple moment system acting on the beam by an equivalent resultant force, and find where its line of action intersects the beam, measured from point Solution
= +
, = /
Force summation
+ = 5 8 = 4.8 = 4.8 3 4 5
+ = 4 + 8 = 2.4 = 2.4 and =

4.82 + 2.42 = 5.37,
= 1
2.4 = 26.60 4.8

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8. Further Simplification of a Force and Couple System

= 4.8 = 2.4
8. Further Simplification of a Force and Couple System - Example 4.19 The jib crane is subjected to three coplanar forces. Replace this loading by an equivalent resultant force and specify where the resultants line of action intersects the column and boom Solution Force summation
+ = 5 250 175 = 325 3 4 5
Moment summation + =

= 250 60 = 260
3 4 = 4 1.5 15 8 0. 5 8 4.5 5 5 = 2.25

and = 3252 + 2602 = 416 260 = 1 = 38.70 325

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8. Further Simplification of a Force and Couple System Moment summation + = 325 260 0 = 175 5 60 3 + 5 250 11 5 250 8 = 2.29 By the principle of transmissibility, can be placed at a distance where it intersects + = 325 11 260 = 175 5 60 3 + 5 250 11 5 250 8 = 10.9
8. Further Simplification of a Force and Couple System - Example 4.18 The slab is subjected to four parallel forces. Determine the magnitude and direction of a resultant force equivalent to the given force system and locate its point of Solution application on the slab Force summation + = 600 + 100 400 500 = 1400 = 1400 Moment summation + = 1400 = 100 5 400 10 = 2.50 + = 1400 = 600 8 100 6 = 3
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Fundamental Problems - F4.31 Replace the loading system by an equivalent resultant force and specify where the resultants line of action intersects the beam measured from
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Fundamental Problems - F4.34 Replace the loading system by an equivalent resultant force and specify where the resultants line of action intersects the member measured from
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Fundamental Problems - F4.35 Replace the loading system by an equivalent single resultant force and specify the and coordinates of its line of action
Fundamental Problems - F4.36 Replace the loading system by an equivalent single resultant force and specify the and coordinates of its line of action
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9. Reduction of a Simple Distribute Loading
9. Reduction of a Simple Distribute Loading - Uniform Loading Along a Single Axis = /2 = = ()
- Surface forces are caused by direct contact - Concentrated forces are applied to a point - Linear Distributed forces () (force/length) are idealizations The resultant force is equivalent to the area under distributed loading curve and acts through centroid or geometric center of this area - Body force is developed when one body exerts a force on another body without direct physical contact
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9. Reduction of a Simple Distribute Loading - Magnitude of Resultant Force + =
9. Reduction of a Simple Distribute Loading - Example 4.21 Determine the magnitude and location of the equivalent resultant force acting on the shaft Solution
2
+ =
= 3 3
0 2
60 2 = 160
0 2 0
= 60
The location of measured from - Location of Resultant Force = = =

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2 602 0 2 602 0
4 60 4 = 160
= 1.5
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9. Reduction of a Simple Distribute Loading - Example 4.22 A distributed loading of Pa acts over the top surface of the beam. Determine the magnitude and location of the equivalent resultant force Solution = 800 0.2 = 160/ 1 = 9 1440 = 6480 = 6.48 2 1 = 9 9 = 6 3
9. Reduction of a Simple Distribute Loading - Example 4.23 The granular material exerts the distributed loading on the beam. Determine the magnitude and location of the equivalent resultant of this load Solution
Divide the trapezoidal loading into a rectangular and triangular loading a trapezoidal loading = a rectangular + a triangular loading
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The magnitude of the force represented by each of these loadings is equal to its associated area 1 = 2 9 50 = 225/, 2 = 9 50 = 450/,
1
1 = 3 9 = 3 2 = 2 9 = 4.5
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The two parallel forces 1 and 2 can be reduced to a single resultant + = = 225 + 450 = 675 + = 675 = 3 225 + 4.5 450 = 4
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Fundamental Problems - F4.37 Determine the resultant force and specify where it acts on the beam measured from
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2/13/2013

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Force System Resultants

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Force System Resultants

04. Force System Resultants

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Force System Resultants

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Force System Resultants

1. Moment of a Force Scalar Formulation - Magnitude = - Direction

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Force System Resultants

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Force System Resultants

= 50 0.75 = 37.5 = 7 (4 1) = 21.0 = 40 (4 + 2300) = 229

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Force System Resultants

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Force System Resultants

2. Cross Product - Laws of Operation Commutative law

Multiplication by a scalar = = = Distributive law + = ( ) + ( )

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Force System Resultants

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Force System Resultants

2. Cross Product - Cartesian Vector Formulation

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Force System Resultants

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Force System Resultants

3. Moment of a Force-Vector Formulation - Principle of Transmissibility = 1 = 2 = 3 - Cartesian Vector Formulation

3. Moment of a Force-Vector Formulation - Resultant Moment of a System of Forces = ( )

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Force System Resultants

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Force System Resultants

= 0.4588 + 1.376 1.376 = 0 0 12 0.4588 1.376 1.376 = 16.5 + 5.5 =

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Force System Resultants

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Force System Resultants

= = 1 + 2 = 1 + 2 For two-dimensional problems = =

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Force System Resultants

Engineering Mechanics Statics

Force System Resultants

4. Principle of Moments (Varignons Theorem) Solution 3

Solution 1 + = 400300 0.2 400300 0.4 = 98.6 = 98.6