(101IT03) DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (Important Topics) UNIT - I DBMS Vs File System View of Data Data Abstraction Instances

nces and Schemas Database Languages DDL DML DCL - TCL data base Users and Administrator (DBA) Database System Structure/ Architecture Storage Manager the Query Processor Data base design Steps in Designing a database - ER diagrams Data Models ER Model & Relational Model - Attributes and Entity sets Relationships and Relationship sets - Cardinality Beyond ER Design Entities Additional features of ER Model or EER (enhanced/extended ER) includes aggregation, specialization, generalization, weak entity sets etc... Conceptual Design for Large enterprises implies Attribute vs Entity, Relation vs entity, Ternary vs Binary relation UNIT - II Integrity Constraints Enforcing Integrity constraints (Not Null, Primary, Foreign, Check etc) - Logical database Design Introduction to Views Destroying /altering Tables and Views Relational Algebra All Operations including Joins, Division Relational calculus Tuple relational Calculus (TRC) Domain relational calculus (DRC) Go through queries using relational algebra operations and write same queries in SQL as well UNIT - III Same as your DBMS Lab Go through all SQL Queries including Syntax and Examples of Basic SQL Queries Nested Queries Correlated Nested Queries Comparison Operators Aggregative Operators String operators - NULL values Comparison using Null values Logical connectivitys AND, OR and NOT all JOINS Disallowing NULL values Triggers Practice all SQL queries in Relational Algebra as well (You can expect same question to be answered in both SQL and Relational Algebra and TRC) UNIT - IV Schema refinement Problems Caused by redundancy Decompositions Problem related to decomposition Functional Dependencies (FD) - Armstrong's Axioms CLOSURE of FD (F+) and Closure of Attributes Normal Forms - FIRST, SECOND, THIRD, BCNF (1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF) Lossless join Decomposition Dependency preserving Decomposition Multi valued Dependencies FOURTH Normal Form (4NF) UNIT - V Transaction Concept- Transaction State diagram- different states ACID properties Implementation of Atomicity, Isolation and Durability Concurrent and Serial Executions Shadow Database concept Serializability Conflict Serializability & View Serializability - Testing for serializability Precedence Graph Protocols - Lock based Protocols Time stamp Based Protocols Multiple Granularity Intention Shared & Exclusive Locks vs Normal shared & Exclusive locks go through lock matrix of each Recoverability Log Based Recovery Checkpoints - Buffer Management - Remote Backup systems Advance Recovery systems ARIES algorithm UNIT - VI File Organization and Indexing Dense, Sparse, Cluster Indexes, Primary and Secondary Indexes Index data Structures Hash Based Indexing Tree base Indexing Indexed Sequential Access Methods (ISAM) B+ Tree (Searching, Inserting, Deleting)