FEM ANSYS Classic Introduction

Course in FEM ANSYS Classic
Introduction
FEM ANSYS Classic Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg
Introduction
Presentation
Anders Schmidt Kristensen M.Sc. in Mechanical Eng. from Aalborg University in 1993 Ph.D. in Mechanical Eng. from Aalborg University in 1997 Consultant for PTC Denmark 1997-1998 implementation of Pro/ENGINEER 1998 to pt. Associate Prof. at Aalborg University Esbjerg
FEM ANSYS Classic Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg Introduction 2
Introduction
The course is conducted the following way:
20-40 minutes lecture followed by 40-60 minutes exercise (including a break) Questions are allowed at any time
Introduction
References
[ANSYS] ANSYS 10.0 Documentation (installed with ANSYS):
Basic Analysis Procedures Advanced Analysis Techniques Modeling and Meshing Guide Structural Analysis Guide Thermal Analysis Guide APDL Programmers Guide ANSYS Tutorials
[Cook] Cook, R. D.; Concepts and applications of finite element analysis, John Wiley & Sons [Burnett] Burnett, D. S.; Finite element analysis: From concepts to application, Addison-Wesley [Kildegaard] Kildegaard, A.; Elasticitetsteori, Aalborg Universitet
Introduction
FEM - ANSYS Classic

Lecture 1 - Introduction:
Introduction to FEM ANSYS Basics Analysis phases Geometric modeling The first model: Beam model Geometric modeling Specification of Element type, Real Constants, Material, Mesh Frame systems Truss systems Element tables Boundary conditions/constraints/supports Loads Mesh attributes, meshing Sections 2D Plane Solid systems Geometric modeling Postprocessing Analysis types Modal analysis Buckling analysis
Lecture 2 - Preprocessor:

Lecture 3 - Loads:

Lecture 4 2D plane models :

Lecture 5 Analysis types:

Introduction
FEM - ANSYS Workbench/CAD

Lecture 6 3D Solids:
3D solid models Booleans Meshing issues
Lecture 7 3D Modeling:
Operate Import CAD Advanced topics
Lecture 8 Analysis types:

Analysis types Postprocessing TimeHistProc
Lecture 9 Workbench basics:

Workbench basics Geometric modeling
Lecture 10 Workbench analysis:

Workbench analysis types
Introduction
Overview
CAD - Computer Aided Design
AutoCAD, Bentley MicroStation, CadKey
CAD - Solid Modeling

Pro/ENGINEER, Inventor, IDEAS, CATIA, UGS, Solid Works
FEM/FEA - Finite Element Method/Analysis

ANSYS, ABAQUS, Algor, Altair, MscNastran, Cosmos
CAE - Computer Aided Engineering

Workbench, Design Space, Pro/Mechanica, CosmosWorks, Inventor/ANSYS
BEM - Boundary Element Method Mesh-less systems CFD - Computational Fluid Dynamics
ANSYS/Fluent, ANSYS/Flotran, ANSYS/CFX, CF-Design, Altair
Multi-scale systems Optimization sizing, shape and topology

Introduction 7
Introduction to Finite Element Analysis

What is Finite Element Analysis? Advantages Disadvantages How to avoid pitfalls History FEM - Resources Examples
Introduction 8
What is Finite Element Analysis?

The FEM is a computer-aided mathematical technique for obtaining approximate numerical solutions to the abstract equations of calculus that predict the response of physical systems subjected to external influences [Burnett]
Introduction

Each point have an infinite number of deformation state variables, i.e. degrees of freedom (dof) Transformation
Real model Continuum
Each point have a finite number of deformation state variables (u,v), i.e. degrees of freedom
Introduction
Analysis model Discrete

10

Divide a continuum with infinitely degrees of freedom in to finite elements with a given number of degrees of freedom An element is geometrical defined by a number of nodes in which the elements are connected. The directions a node can move in is termed degrees of freedom (dof)

Following conditions must always be satisfied
Equilibrium conditions Compatibility conditions Constitutive conditions Boundary conditions
Introduction
12

Most FEA systems are displacement based, i.e. an approximate displacement field is established
u(x,y) = a1 + a2 x + a3 y
Using a deformation based method yield one unique kinematic determined system to be determined

The deformation method yield the FEM characteristic system of equations:
Unknown displacement vector
[K]{D} = {R}
Stiffness matrix Load vector
This system of equations is solved for {D} by, e.g. Gaussian elimination Note on matrix algebra is found here

Formulation techniques to determine the stiffness matrix [K]
Direct method Variational methods, i.e. principle of stationary potential energy Weighted Residual methods, e.g. the Galerkin formulation
Introduction
15

The unknown displacements (can be any field variable, e.g. temperature) {D} = {u1, v1, u2, v2 }T in the element nodes (nodal values) are determined from v3
Unknown displacement vector
[K]{D} = {R}
Stiffness matrix Displacement field variables: In 2D: (u,v) In 3D: (u,v,w)
FEM ANSYS Classic Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg Introduction
u3
Load vector y v1 u1 x
ndof = 6
v2 u2
16

It is assumed that displacements within an element can be interpolated from known nodal values
ui=? u1 u2 u N1 u1 + N2 u2 u1 ui u2
x1
xi
x2
N1 = (1 x/L) N2 = x/L
Introduction
x1
xi
x2
Linear case
17

The element stiffness matrix for a beam element with 2 nodes and 2 dof at each node [Cook], see also note:
ndof = 4
Found by the Direct Method
Unknown displacement vector ndof x 1
[K]{D} = {R} {D} = [K] {R}

Known stiffness matrix ndof x ndof
-1
Known load vector ndof x 1

18
Advantages
Irregular Boundaries General Loads Different Materials Boundary Conditions Variable Element Size Easy Modification Dynamics Nonlinear Problems (Geometric and/or Material)
Introduction 19
Disadvantages
An approximate solution An element dependent solution
NB: Always document assumptions!
Shape quality of elements affect the solution, e.g. poorly shaped elements (irregular shapes) reduce accuracy of the FE solution Element density affect the solution, i.e. the element size should be adjusted to capture gradients
Example: plate with a circular hole
Errors in input data

Disadvantages
[Cook]
Disadvantages
[Cook]
How to avoid pitfalls

Carry out:
Hand calculations (Navier, Airy, Timoshenko) Norm based calculations (Euro-Code, EN, API) Experiments (strain-gauge, accelerometer) Evaluate the kinematic behaviour (deformations)
History
A. Hrennikoff [1941] - Lattice of 1D bars McHenry [1943] - Model 3D solids R. Courant [1943] - Variational form Levy [1947, 1953] - Flexibility & Stiffness M. J. Turner [1953] - FEM computations on a wing Boeing [1950's] Engineer's at Boeing apply FEM to delta wings Argryis and Kelsey [1954] - Energy Prin. for Matrix Methods Turner, Clough, Martin and Topp [1956] - 2D elements R. W. Clough [1960] Coins the term Finite Elements
History
1963 - Mathematical validity of method established - applied to non-structural problems 1960's - First general purpose FEA code developed 1970's - Non-linear solvers developed 1980's - Graphical pre-/postprocessors are developed 1990's - FEM tools integrated in CAD software
Introduction
25
FEM - Resources
ALGOR ANSYS COSMOS/M STARDYNE/FEMAP MSC/NASTRAN SAP90/2000 ADINA NISA GT Strudl ABAQUS Plaxis Matlab based:
CalFem FemLab
CAE products:
Pro/ENGINEER
Pro/FEA Pro/MECHANICA
Cosmos/Works Inventor/ANSYS IDEAS
Resources
Introduction 26
Introduction to ANSYS
What is ANSYS Facilities in ANSYS Interfacing with ANSYS Common terms
Introduction
27
What is ANSYS
ANSYS finite element analysis software enables engineers to perform the following tasks:
Build computer models or transfer CAD models of structures, products, components, or systems. Apply operating loads or other design performance conditions. Study physical responses, such as stress levels, temperature distributions, or electromagnetic fields. Optimize a design early in the development process to reduce production costs. Do prototype testing in environments where it otherwise would be undesirable or impossible (for example, biomedical applications).
Introduction
28
Facilities in ANSYS
Structural Linear Structural Nonlinear Structural Contact/Common Boundaries Structural Dynamic Structural Buckling Thermal Analysis CFD Analysis Electromagnetic - Low Frequency Electromagnetics - High Frequency Field and Coupled-Field Analysis
Introduction 29
Facilities in ANSYS
Solvers
Iterative Sparse Frontal Explicit
Preprocessing Postprocessing General Features

Facilities in ANSYS
.. ANSYS Commands reference ANSYS Element reference .. Basic Analysis Procedures Advanced Analysis Techniques .. Structural Analysis Guide .. ANSYS Tutorials
Facilities in ANSYS
During an analysis, you may want to modify or delete commands entered since your last SAVE or RESUME.
You can access the following file operations from the session editor dialog:
OK: Enters the series of operations displayed in the window below. You will use this option to input the command string after you have modified it. Save: Saves the command string displayed in the window below to a separate file. ANSYS names the file Jobnam000.cmds, with each subsequent save operation incrementing the filename by one digit. You can use the /INPUT command to reenter the saved file. Cancel: Dismisses this window and returns to your analysis. Help: Displays the command reference for the UNDO command.
The Session Editor is available in interactive (GUI) mode only.

Facilities in ANSYS
Introduction
33
Interfacing with ANSYS

Matlab, Excel CAD Pro/ENGINEER IGES Log-file editing Application Programming Interface (API)
Introduction
34
Interfacing with ANSYS
Introduction
35
Common terms
Processor PREP7 SOLUTION POST1 POST26 OPT PDS AUX2 Function Build the model (geometry, materials, etc.) Apply loads and obtain the finite element solution Review results over the entire model at specific time points Review results at specific points in the model as a function of time Improve an initial design Quantify the effect of scatter and uncertainties associated with input variables of a finite element analysis on the results of the analysis Dump binary files in readable form GUI Path Main Menu> Preprocessor Main Menu> Solution Main Menu> General Postproc Main Menu> TimeHist Postpro Main Menu> Design Opt Main Menu> Prob Design Utility Menu> File> List> Binary Fi les Utility Menu> List> Files> Binary F iles AUX12 AUX15 RUNSTAT Calculate radiation view factors and generate a radiation matrix for a thermal analysis Translate files from a CAD or FEA program Predict CPU time, wavefront requirements, etc. for an analysis Main Menu> Radiation Matrix Utility Menu> File> Import Main Menu> Run-Time Stats /AUX12 /AUX15 /RUNST Command /PREP7 /SOLU /POST1 /POST26 /OPT /PDS /AUX2
Introduction
36
Basics
Launching of ANSYS Graphical User Interface (GUI) Menus, dialogs and toolbars Working area Preferences Files used by ANSYS ANSYS Menus ANSYS File menu ANSYS PlotCtrls menu Units Undo Hints
Introduction 37
Analysis phases
Build the model. Apply loads and obtain the solution. Review the results.
PREPROCESSOR SOLUTION POSTPROCESSOR
Introduction
38
Analysis phases
Element Type select appropiate element type to model the structural response/behaviour most accurately. Real Constants properties depending on the element type, e.g. cross-sectional properties, area, area moment of inertia Material Props material properties, e.g. modulus of elasticity E and Poissons ratio n Sections cross-section definition Modeling define the geometry of the structure - it is essential to make some modeling considerations in this phase Meshing divide the geometry of the structure into elements take care of element distribution/density
Analysis phases
Analysis Type specify the character of the problem Define Loads apply loads to the element model Solve run the solution process, e.g. for linear static systems solve (Gaussian elimination) for the unknown displacements: The global stiffness Unknown displacement vector ndof x 1
matrix [K]: ndof = total number of nodes x number degrees of freedom per node
[K]{D} = {R} {D} = [K] {R}

Known global stiffness matrix ndof x ndof
-1
Known load vector ndof x 1

40
Geometric modeling
Create geometrical entities Operate perform Boolean operations Move / Modify move or modify geometrical entities Copy copy geometrical entities Delete geometrical entities Update Geom update the geometry in relation to for example buckling analysis
Introduction
41
Modeling - Create
The hierarchy of modeling entities is as listed below:

Elements (and Element Loads) Nodes (and Nodal Loads) Volumes (and Solid-Model Body Loads) Areas (and Solid-Model Surface Loads) Lines (and Solid-Model Line Loads) Keypoints (and Solid-Model Point Loads)
Introduction 42
Examples - content
Example0100s: Link and/or beam models Example0200s: Plane 2D models Example0300s: Solid 3D models Example0400s: Vibration/dynamic models Example0600s: Thermal models
Introduction
43
The first model
Introduction
44

FEM ANSYS Classic Introduction

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

FEM ANSYS Classic Introduction

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Course in FEM ANSYS Classic

FEM ANSYS Classic Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg

FEM ANSYS Classic Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg

FEM ANSYS Classic Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg