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  • Web App Intro

    Încărcat de

    Bindu Devender Mahajan
    59 vizualizări31 pagini
    What is a Web Application>

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    What is a Web Application>

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
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    59 vizualizări31 pagini

    Web App Intro

    Încărcat de

    Bindu Devender Mahajan
    What is a Web Application>

    Drepturi de autor:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    din 31

    Web and Web Applications:

    an Overview of the Technology Landscape IT 4203 Advanced Web Development

    Jack G. Zheng Fall 2010

    Overview

    What is the web? What is web application? How does it work? What are the major and latest technologies?

    What is the Web?

    The Internet

    A world-wide network of networks and computers based on the Internet Protocol

    World Wide Web, or Web

    An Internet application based on the HTTP protocol A client/server application for information and services
    3

    Web Related Terms

    Web page: usually refers to a static HTML file, or a dynamically generated HTML document displayed in a browser. Web site: a collection of web pages, applications, etc., that serve a common purpose. Web (based) information system: an information system that utilizes web technologies to deliver information and services, to users or other information systems/applications. Web application: a specific functionality-oriented component that utilizes web technologies to deliver information and services to users or other applications/information systems.

    A web information system usually consists of one or more web applications, together with information components and other non-web components. Webware: usually refers to web applications (or programs or software) that directly serves users through web browsers. Web service: A software component that utilizes web technologies to deliver information and services to other applications/information systems.
    4

    Evolution of the Web Application

    Pre-web (before 1990) Early/simple web (1990s)

    Dynamic web (since second-half 1990s)


    Current web

    Infrastructural web (21st century) Web 2.0 (since 2005)


    5

    Pre-Web

    Before there was the Web, there was the Internet

    TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) architecture

    Internet Applications

    Usenet, BBS, Telnet Email, FTP Web P2P Video streaming Instant messaging, VoIP Gaming

    Which one generates the most traffic volume on the Internet?

    Answer form: ipoque, Cisco, Sandvine


    6

    Early Web, Simple Web


    Invented by Sir Tim Berners-Lee, 1989 It is a client/server application for information and other services Fundamental elements of the web

    Web server Web client: browser Web protocol: HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) Web address: URL (Uniform Resource Locator) Web content: HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
    7

    Simple Web Architecture


    HTTP - Request URL http://spsu.edu/index.html
    The Internet

    Web server

    HTML Files

    HTTP - Response

    Web client: browser


    8

    HTML

    A web page is created using HTML, a standard markup language to describe a web document/page using tags (markups)

    All content in a web page are wrapped in tags

    <body>, <h1>, <p>, <table>, <img>, <a>, etc.

    Browser

    Web browser software (web client) knows how to interpret these tags and display them nicely to users (rendering)

    Provides an interface for users It understands HTML, scripts and works with other plug-ins

    Web browser products


    Market share

    http://marketshare.hitslink.com/browser-market-share.aspx?qprid=0

    Internet Explorer Firefox Chrome WorldWideWeb

    http://www.w3.org/History/1994/WWW/Journals/CACM/screensnap2_ 24c.gif

    10

    Web Server

    Web server

    Hosts web sites, files (web pages), applications, etc. Processes request from clients (browsers) and send response back to clients Resources on web servers are located by URLs. Web servers are located by the IP address and domain names.

    Major web server products


    Apache Internet Information Services (IIS) Market share data


    http://news.netcraft.com/ http://www.securityspace.com/s_survey/data/201007/index.html

    11

    URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

    URL is used to locate a particular resource on a web server Components of a URL


    Protocol Host (domain, IP) Port File (resource) path


    The default port is 80; :80 is usually omitted.

    Example

    home/about/ is the directory (path) on the server; index.html is the actual file (web page).

    http://www.spsu.edu:80/home/about/index.html
    http is the protocol www.spsu.edu is the domain; .net is the top level domain

    12

    HTTP

    HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the feature communication protocol for the web

    A web server and a browser communicate based on HTTP

    HTTP has two types of message


    HTTP Request: a message sent to the web server HTTP Response: a message sent by the web server (responded by the server)

    See example HTTP request and response messages at http://web-sniffer.net


    13

    Domain

    A domain is a name assigned to a server on the Internet. A domain name is divided into several levels starting from the right, and separated by dots .
    www.spsu.edu
    SPSU is the 2nd level domain.

    Example: WWW is the 3rd level domain.

    EDU is the top level domain.

    Top-level domain: a highest level domain that are predefined; usually indicates the type of the site

    Created in 1980: .com, .net, .org, .edu, .gov, .int, .mil 2 letter country code: .us, .uk, .jp, .ca, .au, .cn,

    Top level domains are managed by

    ICANN (http://www.icann.org) and IANA (http://www.iana.org)


    14

    Domain Name System

    Web servers are located by IP addresses Domain Name System (DNS)

    A system that provides the conversion between IP addresses and domain names

    Check IP and domain name online

    http://cqcounter.com/whois/

    15

    Put Them Together

    What happens after a URL is entered in the web browser?

    http://spsu.edu/index.html
    1. Looking for the IP of the domain spsu.edu

    DNS server(s)

    2. Returning the IP of the domain: 168.28.176.243

    3. Sending an HTTP request to 168.28.176.243

    5. Sending an HTTP response back 4. Looking for the file /index.html

    16

    Simple Web Applications

    These are usually document based web applications

    Simple, small and fast

    Commonly used for web presence, information publishing, etc.


    http://www.atlantapetrescue.org http://facultyweb.ggc.usg.edu/cpark/ http://2008.desrist.org http://www.useit.com/alertbox/


    17

    Dynamic Web

    Static dynamic

    Web pages construction

    At design time at run time Static HTML files dynamic HTML: a mixture of HTML, scripts, programming codes, executable programs, etc.

    HTML

    Content source

    Single source multiple sources (HTML files, XML files, other files, databases, other websites)

    Simple complex

    Web navigation/interaction mode

    Click and read write/type, choose, move, slide, drag and drop, expand, draw, listen, speak, etc.
    Webpage authoring web application development
    18

    Development

    Dynamic Web Technology: Client Side (DHTML)

    Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)


    Page style (color, size, position, etc.) and layout Website themes Simple animations

    Client Scripting (JavaScript)


    Dynamic content: calendar HTML DOM manipulation: dropdown menu Animations: text animation

    Browser plug-ins

    Flash, Sliverlight, Java Applets, PDF, embedded objects, etc.


    19

    Dynamic Web Technology: Server Side

    Specialized servers

    Web server extensions or application servers

    Adding programming capabilities: ASP, ASP.Net, JSP, JSF, Servlet, PHP, ColdFusion, etc. Complementing file systems for content management

    Database servers

    Dynamic pages/resources

    Database populated: news site, portal, product catalog, directory, etc. URL query string: product data Content based on user input: web search, forum post, log in, etc. Mash-up
    20

    Server Side Web Applications


    Database
    Delegation

    Request

    Application Server

    Client (Browser)
    Response

    Generated HTML

    Other Servers: Email, LDAP, etc.

    Web Server

    21

    Static HTML

    Server Side Technologies


    Platform Technology

    .Net
    ASP.Net

    Java
    Servlet, JSP, JSF, etc.

    Other
    CGI, Perl, PHP, ColdFusion
    www.craigslist.org www.wikipedia.org

    Example site

    atlanta-airport.com newegg.com monster.com

    bankofamerica.com ratemyprofessors.com

    22

    Dynamic Web Applications

    Public websites

    E-Commerce: shopping, banking, media, trading, etc. Web search engines Content publishing Web portal E-government, e-Learning

    Internal applications

    Oracle Enterprise Manager Microsoft SharePoint Services Enterprise Information Portal


    23

    Current Web

    Web as a platform/infrastructure

    Web is becoming a fundamental piece of enterprise information system

    Web 2.0

    A general and loose concept for recent advancements of the World Wide Web

    24

    Web as a Platform

    Web becomes a fundamental platform for multi-tier enterprise information systems

    Add-on platform

    Web technologies are commonly and intensively used, not just for websites, but for all kinds of application and services. Web applications are no longer separate systems, but are integrated with many other applications.

    Separated integrated

    Enabling technologies

    Matured web application servers and frameworks: .Net, JBoss, SharePoint, DotNetNuke, Drupal, Structs, etc. XML family technologies and XML based application protocols Service Oriented Architecture and web services Cloud computing infrastructure Security infrastructure: SSL, PKI
    25

    Multi-Tier (N-Tier) Architecture


    Presentation Tier Application Tier Application Server Data Source Tier Relational Databases

    Browser

    Windows applications Mobile devices

    Middleware

    Data Warehouse

    Communication Server

    Directories

    26

    Web 2.0

    A general and loose concept for recent advancements (roughly from 2005) of the World Wide Web

    http://www.zdnet.com/videos/whiteboard/what-is-web20/154425

    Human behavior aspect of Web 2.0: massive user participation, contribution, sharing, and collaboration

    User generated content: Wiki, blog, video, news, reviews, etc. Social networking Folksonomy (tagging)
    27

    Technical Aspect of Web 2.0

    Rich interface, more responsive and interactive; brings desktop experience to the web

    AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML), Flash, Silverlight Content push: Google Finance In-page navigation (MDI, TDI): Yahoo Mail, Zimbra, Google Docs, etc.

    Content and service aggregation and integration


    XML (family), RSS, JSON Portal Web services: Amazon Web Services Lightweight Web APIs: Google search API Mash-up: housingmaps.com
    28

    Web 2.0 Applications

    29

    Summary: Web Application Technology Trend

    Web client

    Browser any other application

    Web server

    One server handles all multiple distributed and specialized servers

    Web content

    HTML XML, XHTML, CSS, embedded content (Flash etc.), scripts

    Web protocol

    HTTP working with other protocols (video streaming, email, etc.)

    Web URL

    Physical document virtual entry point (resource identifier)

    30

    Summary

    Key Concepts

    Internet, web Web site, web page, web application, web service Web server, browser HTTP, URL, Domain, IP, DNS, Protocol HTML, DHTML, CSS, XML Client side, server side Multi-tier (n-tier) system, application server ASP.Net, Java (JSP) Web 2.0, API, AJAX
    31

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